1、国家公共英语（四级）笔试模拟试卷 261（无答案）PART ADirections: For Questions 1-5, you will hear a conversation. While you listen, fill out the table with the information you have heard. Some of the information has been given to you in the table. Write only 1 word in each numbered box. You will hear the recording twice.
2、 You now have 25 seconds to read the table below.1 PART BDirections: For Questions 6-10, you will hear a passage. Use not more than 3 words for each answer. You will hear the recording twice. You now have 25 seconds to read the sentences and the questions below.6 PART CDirections: You will hear thre
3、e dialogues or monologues. Before listening to each one, you will have 5 seconds to read each of the questions which accompany it. While listening, answer each question by choosing A, B, C or D. After listening, you will have 10 seconds to check your answer to each question. You will hear each piece
4、 ONLY ONCE.11 According to the woman, how much money should people save for themselves?（A）36 months of monthly salary.（B） 13% of salary.（C） $10.（D）Not mentioned.12 Whats the biggest mistake people make?（A）They do not think $ 10 is a large sum of money.（B） They sacrifice movie, beer for bank deposit.
5、（C） They seldom have fixed deposit.（D）They tend to live from paycheck to paycheck.13 What does “Pay yourself first“ refer to?（A）Take more education and make yourself promoted quickly.（B） When you get your paycheck, save some portion of it.（C） Lend money from bank when you want to prepare for the fut
6、ure.（D）Accumulate money by all means.14 What is the origin of Kwanzaa related to?（A）Religion.（B） Family life.（C） Agriculture.（D）Community.15 Which of the following colors is used for decoration in Kwanzaa?（A）Yellow.（B） Green.（C） White.（D）Blue.16 What do the seven candies stand for?（A）Principles.（B）
7、Cultures.（C） Tribes.（D）Colors.17 Which word may best describe two speakers positions on intermarriage?（A）Comparison（B） Contrast（C） Causality（D）Bias18 Why does marriage usually thrive concerning customs and traditions?（A）On a give-and-take policy（B） Beyond a give-and-take policy（C） In the manner of e
8、ach others adaptation（D）Due to religious beliefs19 The cultural differences arise_.（A）at the wedding（B） before intermarriage（C） after people get married（D）until recently20 What negative effects may the intermarriage most probably cause?（A）A quick divorce（B） Cultural shock（C） A big gap between parent
9、s and children（D）Much suffering in childrens minds一、Section II Use of English (15 minutes)Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. 20 Many foreigners who have not visited Britain call all the inhabitants English, for t
10、hey are used to thinking of the British Isles as England. 21 , the British Isles contain a variety of peoples, and only the people of England call themselves English. The others 22 to themselves as Welsh, Scottish, or Irish, 23 the case may be; they are often slightly annoyed 24 being classified as
11、“English“.Even in England there are many 25 in regional character and speech. The chief 26 is between southern England and northern England. South of a 27 going from Bristol to London, people speak the type of English usually learnt by foreign students, 28 there are local variations.Further north, r
12、egional speech is usually “ 29 “ than that of southern Britain. Northerners are 30 to claim that they work harder than Southerners, and are more 31 . They are openhearted and hospitable; foreigners often find that they make friends with them 32 . Northerners generally have hearty 33 : the visitor to
13、 Lancashire or Yorkshire, for instance, may look forward to receiving generous 34 at meal times.In accent and character the people of the Midlands 35 a gradual change from the southern to the northern type of Englishman.In Scotland the sound 36 by the letter “R“ is generally a strong sound, and “R“
14、is often pronounced in words in which it would be 37 in southern English. The Scots are said to be a serious, cautious, thrifty people, 38 inventive and somewhat mystical. All the Celtic peoples of Britain (the Welsh, the Irish, the Scots) are frequently 39 as being more “fiery“ than the English. Th
15、ey are 40 a race that is quite distinct from the English.（A）In consequence（B） In brief（C） In general（D）In fact（A）confine（B） attach（C） refer（D）add（A）as（B） which（C） for（D）so（A）with（B） by（C） at（D）for（A）similarities（B） differences（C） certainties（D）features（A）factor（B） virtue（C） privilege（D）division（A）li
16、ne（B） row（C） border（D）scale（A）who（B） when（C） though（D）for（A）wider（B） broader（C） rarer（D）scarcer（A）used（B） apt（C） possible（D）probable（A）perfect（B） notorious（C） superior（D）thorough（A）swiftly（B） promptly（C） immediately（D）quickly（A）appetites（B） tastes（C） interests（D）senses（A）helpings（B） offerings（C） fil
17、lings（D）findings（A）represent（B） designate（C） demonstrate（D）reckon（A）delivered（B） denoted（C） depicted（D）defined（A）quiet（B） obscure（C） faint（D）silent（A）rather（B） still（C） somehow（D）even（A）rendered（B） thought（C） impressed（D）described（A）with（B） of（C） among（D）againstPart BDirections: Read the following f
18、our texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D . Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. 40 The question of whether war is inevitable is one, which has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related con
19、cepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something, which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the partie
20、s to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function is the disservice of one another.Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one
21、another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of huma
22、n societies.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or
23、 maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for
24、 existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all.Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skil
25、ls, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitab
26、le, although competition is.41 In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to_.（A）argue for the similarities between animal societies and human societies（B） smooth out the conflicts in human societies（C） distinguish between two kinds of opposition（D）summarize the
27、characteristic features of opposition and cooperation42 According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that_.（A）it results in war in most cases（B） it induces efforts to expand territory（C） it is a kind of opposition among social entities（D）it is essentially a struggle for existence43
28、The phrase “function in the disservice of one another“ (Para. 1) most probably means（A）betray each other（B） harm one another（C） help to collaborate with each other（D）benefit one another44 The author indicates in the passage that conflict_.（A）is an inevitable struggle resulting from competition（B） re
29、flects the struggle among social animals（C） is an opposition among individual social entities（D）can be avoided45 The passage is probably intended to answer the question “_“（A）Is war inevitable?（B） Why is there conflict and competition?（C） Is conflict desirable?（D）Can competition lead to conflict?45
30、Cyberspace, data superhighway, multi-mediafor those who have seen the future, the linking of computers television and telephones will change our lives for ever. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological utopia little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for th
31、e poor. As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself with the “how“, the question of “for whom“ is put aside once again.Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allows the extens
32、ion of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows
33、 the haves to increase their control on global marketswith destructive impact on the have-nots.For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As “futur
34、es“ are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies.So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselvesso-called “development communicatio
35、ns“ modernization. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries economies.Communications technology is generally exported from the U. S. , Europe or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized c
36、ountries. It is also expensive, and imported products and services must therefore be bought on creditcredit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain.Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit it for native develop
37、ment. This means that while local elites, foreign communities and subsidiaries of transnational corporations may benefit, those whose lives depend on access to the information are denied it.46 From the passage we know that the development of high technology is in the interests of（A）the world economy
38、（B） the rich countries（C） scientific development（D）the elite47 It can be inferred from the passage that_.（A）the interests of the poor countries have not been given enough consideration（B） the export of the poor countries should be increased（C） communications technology in the developing countries sh
39、ould be modernized（D）international trade should be expanded48 Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on developing countries?（A）Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries.（B） Because it inhibits the industrial growth of developing countr
40、ies.（C） Because it enables the developed counties to control the international market.（D）Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.49 The development of modern communications technology in developing countries may（A）force them to reduce their share of exports（B） cost them the
41、ir economic independence（C） hinder their industrial production（D）cause them to lose control of their trade50 The authors attitude toward the communications revolution is_.（A）tolerant（B） indifferent（C） positive（D）critical50 Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accu
42、mulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communicatio
43、n. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur“ does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated
44、into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obviou
45、s in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the
46、 primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to pro
47、fessionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforc
48、ed by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or
49、amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth centur
