1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 51（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Unemployment upon Graduation, You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:1.许多大学生毕业后找不到工作2.这一现象的原因是3.解决问题的办法是Unemplo
2、yment upon Graduation二、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the informatio
3、n given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.2 The Science of AnxietyAll animals, especially the small kind, appear to feel anxiety. Humans have felt it since the days they shared
4、 the planet with saber-toothed tigers. But we live in a particularly anxious age. A recent study found that eight months after the September 11 event, nearly two-thirds of Americans think about the terror attacks at least several times a week. And it doesnt take much for all the old fears to come ru
5、shing back. What was surprising about the recent drumbeat of terror warnings was how quickly it triggered the anxiety so many of us thought we had put behind us.This is one of the mysteries of anxiety. While it is a normal response to physical danger and can be a useful tool for focusing the mind wh
6、en theres a deadline looming-anxiety becomes a problem when it persists too long beyond the immediate threat. Sometimes theres an obvious cause. Other times, we dont know why we cant stop worrying.Anxiety disorderwhich is what health experts call any anxiety that persists to the point that it interf
7、eres with ones lifeis the most common mental illness in the US which in its various forms, afflicts 19 million Americans.In recent years, researchers have made significant progress in nailing down the underlying science of anxiety. In just the past decade, they have come to appreciate that whatever
8、the factors that trigger anxiety, it grows out of a response that is rooted in our brains. They have learned, among other things:-There is a genetic component to anxiety; some people seem to be born worriers.-Brain scans can reveal differences in the way patients who suffer from anxiety disorders re
9、spond to danger signals.-Due to a shortcut in our brains information-processing system, we can respond to threats before we become aware of them.-The root of an anxiety disorder may not be the threat that triggers it but a breakdown in the mechanism that keeps the anxiety response from careering out
10、 of control.Before we dig into the latest research, lets define a few terms. Though we all have our own intuitive sense of what the words stress and fear mean, scientists use these words in very specific ways. For them, stress is an external stimulus that signals danger, often by causing pain. Fear
11、is the short-term response such stresses produce in men, women or lab rats. Anxiety has a lot of the same symptoms as fear, but its a feeling that lingers long after the stress has lifted and the threat has passed.In general, science has a hard time pinning down emotions because they are by nature s
12、o slippery and subjective. Most people are as clueless about why they have certain feelings. But fear is the one aspect of anxiety thats easy to recognize. Humans break out in a cold sweat. Heartbeats race, and blood pressure rises. That gives scientists something they can control and measure.Indeed
13、, a lot of what researchers have learned about the biology of anxiety comes from scaring rats and then cutting them open. The researchers destroy small portions of the rats brains to see what effect that has on their reactions. By painstakingly matching the damaged areas with changes in behavior, sc
14、ientists have, bit by bit, created a road map of fear as it travels through the rats brain.The journey begins when a rat feels the stress, in this case an electric shock. The rats senses immediately send a message to the central portion of its brain, where the stimulus activates two neural pathways.
15、 One of these pathways is a relatively long, circuitous route(迂回径路) through the cortex(脑皮层), where the brain does its most elaborate and accurate processing of information. The other route is a kind of emergency shortcut that quickly reaches a cluster of cells called the amygdale(扁桃体).Whats special
16、about the amygdala is that it can quickly activate just about every system in the body to fight like the devil or run like crazy. Its not designed to be accurate, just fast. If you have ever gone hiking and been startled by a snake that turned out to be a stick, you can thank your amygdala.But while
17、 the amygdala is busy telling the body what to do, it also fires up a nearby curved cluster of neurons called the hippocampus. The job of the hippocampus is to help the brain learn and form new memories. And not just any memories. The hippocampus allows a rat to remember where it was when it got sho
18、cked and what was going on around it at the time. Such contextual learning helps the rat avoid dangerous places in the future. It probably also helps it recognize what situations are likely to be relatively safe. This makes sense, in terms of survival. After all, its better to panic unnecessarily th
19、an to be too relaxed in the face of life-threatening danger.Discovering this basic neural circuitry(路线) turned out to be a key breakthrough in understanding anxiety. It showed that the anxiety response isnt necessarily caused by an external threat; rather, it may be traced to a breakdown in the mech
20、anism that signals the brain to stop responding. Just as a car can go out of control due to either a stuck accelerator or failed brakes, its not always clear which part of the brain is at fault. It may turn out that some anxiety disorders are caused by an overactive accelerator while others are caus
21、ed by an underactive prefrontal cortex (call it the brake).Of course, what you would really like to know is whether any of the work done in rats applies to humans. Clearly researchers cant go around performing brain surgery on the amygdales of living patients to see if it affects their anxiety level
22、s. But the fascinating case of a woman known only by her research number, SM046, suggests that when it comes to fear, rats and humans really arent so different.Owing to an unusual brain disorder, SM046 has a defective amygdala. As a result, her behavior is abnormal in a very particular way. When sci
23、entists at the University of Iowa show SM046 pictures of a series of faces, she has no trouble picking out those that are happy, sad or angry. But if the face is displaying fear, she cannot recognize the feeling. She identifies it as a face expressing some intense emotion, but that is all. Her unusu
24、al condition strongly suggests that even in humans, fear takes hold in the amygdala.Eventually, researchers would like to learn what role our genes, as opposed to our environment, play in the development of anxiety. “It has been known for some time that these disorders run in families,“ says Kenneth
25、 Kendler, a psychiatric geneticist at Virginia Commonwealth University in Richmond, Va. “So the next logical question is the nature-nurture issue.“ In other words, are anxious people born that way, or do they become anxious as a result of their life experiences?Kendler and his colleagues approached
26、the question by studying groups of identical twins, who share virtually all their genes, and fraternal twins, who share only some of them. What Kendlers group found was that both identical twins were somewhat more likely than both fraternal twins to suffer from generalized anxiety disorder, phobias(
27、恐怖症) or panic attacks.The correlation isnt 100%, however. “Most of the heritability is in the range of 30% to 40%,“ Kendler says. Thats a fairly moderate genetic impact, he notes“ Your genes set your general vulnerability,“ he concludes. “You can be a low-vulnerable, intermediate-vulnerable or a hig
28、h-vulnerable person.” But your upbringing and your experiences still have a major role to play. Someone with a low genetic vulnerability, for example, could easily develop a fear of flying after surviving a horrific plane crash.So, there are no guidebooks to tell you when its safe to venture out aga
29、in. Our brains are even now in the process of rewiring themselves. How successfully we navigate this delicate transition will depend a lot on our genes, our environment and any future attacks.2 Anxiety is a normal response to physical danger, so it is very useful and very popular among people.（A）Y（B
30、） N（C） NG3 Now in the United States, about 19 million people are suffering from mental illness.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG4 Recently, researchers have found that it is something in our brain that causes our anxiety.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG5 Brain scans can make the doctors know the differences of patients responses to d
31、anger, thus can cure their anxiety disorder.（A）Y（B） N（C） NG6 Generally, it is hard to study emotions because _.7 The way a lot of researchers use to study anxiety is by _.8 It may be _ in your body that makes you run quickly after you are shocked by a danger.9 A rat can learn and form new memories i
32、n its brain under the effect of10 Scientists use SM046 as an example to show that _.11 The correlation between anxiety and genes isnt 100%, and the heritability is _.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, o
33、ne or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.（A）He went hiking not long a
34、go.（B） He hasnt traveled around the world yet.（C） He will go when he has finished doing all his work.（D）He definitely does not want to go.（A）She thinks the miniskirt is very pretty（B） She thinks it is good for hot weather.（C） She thinks her mom will dislike it.（D）She thinks her mom would like to see
35、 her in it.（A）The journalist is ringing a bell.（B） His name sounds melodic.（C） John Smith is ringing the bell now.（D）The name sounds familiar.（A）The man tends to repeat himself a lot.（B） She is irritated at what the man says.（C） She also finds it easier to work there.（D）She doesnt believe what the m
36、an says.（A）The train will be overheated when it arrives.（B） It is too hot to wait any more.（C） They are going to be late in their plan again.（D）They will have to schedule another dinner.（A）Ride more safely in the future.（B） Go to see a doctor.（C） Neednt worry since it is not serious.（D）Buy a new bik
37、e.（A）He will start to find another job.（B） He will make an advertisement on newspaper.（C） He will prepare for the job interview.（D）He will interview the woman.（A）It is hard to pronounce the name.（B） Its not going to be well received.（C） She has temporarily forgotten its name.（D）She has never heard o
38、f the name.（A）He moved into his own apartment.（B） He is always eating less than enough.（C） He is on a diet and exercises too much.（D）He smokes heavily every day.（A）He keeps eating a lot of candy and cake.（B） He likes to drink soda all the time.（C） He is very lazy and doesnt exercise.（D）He doesnt lis
39、ten to others opinions.（A）The speakers dont know the problems with Mark and Tim.（B） They are talking about how to make their sons live a healthy life.（C） Both Mark and Tim do not have a girlfriend to look after them.（D）The woman thinks that having a girlfriend can not help Mark.（A）It has a beautiful
40、 scenery.（B） The lions there are all locked.（C） The monkeys there are very entertaining.（D）It is in a very remote place with wild animals.（A）She went to Safari Park.（B） She went to Oxford.（C） She watched the sun rise.（D）She went to Stonehenge.（A）It is very beautiful when the sun rises.（B） A person n
41、eeds experience to appreciate the beauty.（C） It is more beautiful when there is some fog around it.（D）It looks very romantic when you drive past it.（A）He loves travel more than anything else.（B） He is a very romantic person.（C） He is afraid of bigger animals.（D）He used to study in a famous universit
42、y.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.（A）The
43、Japanese mathematic teachers.（B） Both the speaker and his German friend.（C） Both Americans and immigrants.（D）The son of the speakers German friend.（A）Do present-day children learn less than their forefathers in the good old days?（B） Why do Japanese businessmen send their children to Japanese-staffed
44、 schools?（C） Why cant American children memorize enough geographic information?（D）Is American education really worse than education in other countries?（A）Children in California are not likely to learn creative geography.（B） Children in private schools run by Japanese are smarter.（C） They experiment
45、freely with ideas and become creative when they grow up.（D）They are less innovative than other children in the world.（A）Early newspapers in England.（B） The early history of magazines.（C） The life of Daniel Defoe.（D）Differences between newspapers and magazines.（A）It had many more pages than newspaper
46、s.（B） It was given away for free.（C） It dealt with issues rather than events.（D）It was more widely available than newspapers.（A）It was not really a magazine.（B） It featured a variety of articles and stories.（C） It was praised by readers of poetry.（D）It was unpopular with politicians.（A）Because young
47、 people cant remember the villages.（B） Because the two World Wars destroyed many villages.（C） Because there are no job opportunities in villages.（D）Because it seems that village life is gone for ever.（A）They lived a simpler life than villagers today.（B） They knew fewer people than villagers today.（C
48、） They found it difficult to enjoy themselves.（D）They had nothing to do in the evenings.（A）Girls left the village to find hope.（B） Men left the village to seek opportunities.（C） The long-established order of society.（D）Fresh ideas brought by the two World Wars.（A）Dead.（B） Worse.（C） Better.（D）Unclear
49、.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write d
