1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 588（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled On Campus Security. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:1目前在中国，校园安全事故时有发生2这种现象造成了恶劣的影响3应该如何杜绝这种现象On Campus Security二、Part II Reading Comprehen
2、sion (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the stateme
3、nt contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.1 Crowdsourcing a Better WorldThe crowdsourcing conceptcollecting contributions from many individuals to achieve a goalwas being used long before Wikipedia. The National Audubon Soci
4、ety has been organizing people to do an annual count of all the birds in the Western hemisphere since Christmas Day, 1900. The Pilsbury Bake-Off crowdsourcing for a commercial causeis now 62 years old.But online crowdsourcing is a relatively recent phenomenon, and the efficiencies it brings to commu
5、nicating within a large group make it useful in many new ways. At catwalkgenius. com it is bringing together fashion designers and financial backers. At usertesting. com it provides feedback on why people leave your Web site. It connects musicians and their fans to help organize private concerts at
6、owngig. com. Innocentive. com uses it to solve scientific and technological problems: companies stuck on a problem put it up on the site and offer a cash prize for a solution. But today, Ill look at how crowdsourcing can help with something else: aggregating and organizing knowledge. Typical Crowdso
7、urce SitesImmediately after the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear reactors began to fail in Japan, people turned to official sources for information. What they heard were often bland (平淡乏味的) and vague assurances of safety. But people wanted specifics. They wanted to know the radiation levels in their areas,
8、 and did not trust the government sources. In response, several crowdsource sites sprang up to collect and map radiation levels in Japan and even on the west coast of the United States: rdtn. org, geigercrowd. net and japanstatus. com are three of them. These sites ask people with Geiger countersand
9、 if you happen to not own one, they tell you where to buy oneto measure radiation levels and send the information to their site. They aggregate and map the responses.One prototype for this kind of crowdsourcing is U. Ushahidi, which means “testimony“ in Swahili, was developed in Kenya in 2008 to map
10、 numerous reports of post-election violence. Ory Okolloh, a blogger, simply asked her readers- “Guys looking to do something: Any techies out there willing to do a mash up of where the violence and destruction is occurring using Google Maps?“A few days later, Kenyans had a Web site that allowed peop
11、le to text or e-mail reports and see them plotted on a Google map of the country. It became useful not only for rapid intervention, but- as the name suggeststo document the deaths, injuries and destruction when virtually all other media were blacked out.Since then, Ushahidi, led until recently by Ok
12、olloh, has become as ubiquitous (普遍存在的) in a disaster as the Red Cross. Just two hours after the earthquake in Haiti, Ushahidi set up a Haiti site and an Ushahidi techie who was studying at Tufts University in Massachusetts worked with a student group to organize 300 volunteers. Haitian radio statio
13、ns told their listeners to text 4636 with their reports, which thousands of Creole-speaking volunteers in the US instantly translated. Any report that required action about or from a trapped person, for examplewas mapped by the volunteers and sent to rescuers.Ushahidi has tracked reports of election
14、 fraud in Mexico, damage caused by the Gulf oil spill and critical shortages of important medicines at public health clinics in Uganda. During Washingtons Snowmageddon last winter, Ushahidi was used to map obstacles like stuck cars and toppled trees. The idea was not to just give information to offi
15、cial work crews, but to allow ordinary citizens to organize themselves. Anyone with a shovel (铁锹) and a strong back could check the map for a site nearby and go. It has since been used in snow emergencies in other cities, including New York. The Operations of Crowdsourcing Online and in JournalismHo
16、w can you be sure the information on a crowdsource site is trustworthy? Well, you cant. But Ushahidi is taking a stab at vetting (审查) its data through, of course, crowdsourcing. Its Swift River project aggregates and plots on maps not only data sent or texted to Ushahidi, but combines it with data f
17、rom Twitter, YouTube and other sources. When data comes in, anyone can rate it for trustworthiness. The higher the rating it gets, the more prominently it is displayed.Crowdsourcing can aggregate ideas as well as data. The California-based design firm Ideo has a site called openideo. com, which post
18、s various challenges: How can we get people to register to be bone-marrow donors? How can we use cell phones to improve maternal health in poor countries? How can we get kids more interested in eating fresh food? Each challenge has a financial sponsor; a group interested in solving the problemthe ki
19、ds and food challenge, for example, was sponsored by British chef and healthy food crusader (改革者) Jamie Oliver.The process collects random ideas from the public, winnows (筛选) them down by theme and then asks readers to refine the ideas. The public then votes. Jamie Olivers organization has launched
20、a project with OpenIDEO, an initiative to help working people cook more. But this was not one of the winning ideas. “People want to be thought of as something other than a source of money. They want to be thought of as creative, thinking people,“ said Ethan Zuckerman, a senior researcher at the Berk
21、man Center for Internet and Society at Harvard. “Its not hard to contribute ideas, but the question is how helpful it is.“Crowdsourcing is also, of course, frequently used in journalism. Many media organizations now turn to readers for their experiences and for reporting help, but few do so as consi
22、stently and productively as ProPublica, a nonprofit group that produces investigative journalism that is published in media around the country, including in The Times. ProPublicas Distributed Reporting Project has asked for information and tips from people affected by a variety of issues, including
23、the Gulf oil spill and the mortgage and loan crisis. A request for information from people who had tried to modify their home loans brought some 3 000 responses, said Amanda Michel, ProPublicas director of online engagement. Those contacted were asked to document their claims. ProPublica was aware i
24、ts sample was far from random, but that wasnt the aim. “We can take a much more subtle and granular (粒状的) look at complex processes by learning about the experiences of several thousand people,“ said Michel. “Were not relying on a government official to tell us what is the average bad experience.“Re
25、aders can not only provide information to reporters about their own experiences, they can be reporters. For example, for its Stimulus Spot Check, ProPublica recruited readers to “rummage (翻找)around on the states Department of Transportation Web site and make several follow-up calls over the next wee
26、k“ to see how some 500 road and bridge projects were doing. They were given instructions on how to find out whether projects had been started, which companies had the contracts and how many jobs were produced. Although the Obama adminstration touted the summer of 2009 as “the summer of stimulus“, th
27、e resulting story, published on August 18, 2009, reported that two thirds of the projects would be starting in the fall instead, and that states with very high unemployment tended to be moving more slowly than others. For all their novelty, crowdsourcing projects like these will only have a connecti
28、on to a small numbers of readers lives. Many peoples impulse to better the world around them is usually satisfied by giving money. Crowdsourcing offers ways to do that, as wellbut in ways that may offer donors more impact and a stronger connection to the social change happening on the ground.2 What
29、does I use online crowdsourcing for?（A）Calculating the number of birds every year.（B） Associating fashion designers with financial sponsors.（C） Inquiring about feedback on after service.（D）Helping companies solve certain problems.3 Why did crowdsource sites show up dramatically after the failure of
30、nuclear reactors in Japan?（A）People wanted to know the details of the radiation levels.（B） The government performed poorly in detecting the radiation levels.（C） Geiger counters were not easy to come by at that time.（D）The local authority counted on these sites to release the results.4 U was initiall
31、y launched in Kenya to_.（A）call on people to revolt against the government（B） document the violence and destruction after the election（C） rally techies to black out the former official Web site（D）cut down on the death toll, injuries and riots5 What role did U play in Washingtons snow storm?（A）It org
32、anized many volunteers to help those drivers in trouble.（B） It located the person who was trapped in the snow.（C） It gave information about road obstacles to authorities and citizens.（D）It suggested an alternative route for vehicle users.6 The Swift River project combines the data Ushahidi received
33、with data from other sources in order to_.（A）display its data in various media（B） check the trustworthiness of the data（C） work together with other Web sites（D）make its data accessible to netizens7 The author cites openideo. com to illustrate that_.（A）online crowdsourcing is faced with many challeng
34、es（B） crowdsourcing can also gather ideas from different people（C） people are more concerned about their own health（D）some groups are keen on solving certain problems8 According to Ethan Zuckerman, its easy to contribute ideas, but its hard to_.（A）urge people to refine ideas（B） ask readers to rate i
35、deas（C） winnow ideas down by theme（D）determine the usefulness of ideas9 There are few media organizations that are as _ as ProPublica in asking for information and tips from people.10 ProPublica once recruited readers to watch over road and bridge projects by searching thoroughly the official Web si
36、te and_.11 Compared with donating money to make the social change, crowdsourcing may provide donors with more impact and_.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about wha
37、t was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.（A）A patient.（B） A teacher.（C） A customer.（D）A manager.（A）Write a recomm
38、endation letter for the man.（B） Get more jobs in the rest of the season.（C） Ask for salary rise from her manager.（D）Ask for a letter of reference from her manager.（A）His college friend is coming to the barbecue too.（B） There are too many people in the barbecue.（C） Hes sorry the woman cant come to th
39、e barbecue.（D）The woman should bring her college student to the barbecue.（A）The forest with green vegetation.（B） The special farm for vegetables.（C） The desert with rock layers.（D）The desert with different vegetables.（A）Two single rooms.（B） A commercial room.（C） A double room.（D）A single room.（A）She
40、 enjoys her new life.（B） She is regretting marrying the wrong man.（C） She isnt satisfied with her mother-in-law.（D）She likes her mother-in-law.（A）The mans wife will not receive roses this year.（B） Roses are the gifts to the mans wife this year.（C） The man will make a special card for his wife.（D）The
41、 woman wants some roses and cards.（A）The new museum.（B） The new poster.（C） The history department.（D）The special tour to New York.（A）680 years ago.（B） Hundreds of years ago.（C） In the 19th century.（D）The day when England colonized.（A）It was first used by a sports grouping in 1930.（B） It was first us
42、ed by a sports reporter.（C） It was a kind of official usage.（D）It appeared first in a school newspaper.（A）The schools and their students think themselves too highly.（B） The competition in the eight schools is limited to powerful people.（C） 70 percent of the students cant be admitted into these unive
43、rsities.（D）There are some terrible students in these universities.（A）Do a summer job.（B） Do baby-sitting.（C） Stay at home.（D）Travel around.（A）They hired Tom to take care of their house.（B） They left their house empty.（C） They asked neighbors to look after their house.（D）They hired a baby-sitter.（A）T
44、reating friends of the house-owner.（B） Sweeping the floor every day.（C） Watering the garden.（D）Cutting grass on the lawn.（A）Went to Tom for advice.（B） Ask the woman to find a job for him.（C） Try to apply for a job as a house-sitter.（D）Go back home to study.Section BDirections: In this section, you w
45、ill hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.（A）She got seriously ill.（B） She was knocked down.（C
46、） She fell over and hurt herself.（D）She was hit by a car.（A）Look down at our feet.（B） Look ahead of us.（C） Control our running speed.（D）Look at the cars ahead.（A）By observing the surroundings.（B） By not running on crowed roads.（C） By using proper running form.（D）By passing the crossroad quickly.（A）I
47、t affects economic growth in Asia.（B） It leads to more childrens early death.（C） It affects peoples mental health.（D）It contributes to some deadly diseases.（A）Alcohol causes more young people to die than adults.（B） Most of alcohol is consumed by young people.（C） Alcohol contributes to many young peo
48、ples premature death.（D）WHO needs more young men to do volunteer work.（A）Effective legislations and laws should be implemented.（B） The WHO should talk people into giving up alcohol.（C） The wine on the market should be of high quality.（D）All the alcohol advertising should be strictly banned.（A）The di
49、stinguished professors.（B） The prestigious status.（C） The attractive schoolarship.（D）The competitive courses and majors.（A）It has cut down on freshmen enrollment.（B） It hasnt expanded the size of a freshman class.（C） It has picked out top students by interviewing.（D）It has admitted more low-income students.（A）It rolled out a financial aid incentive of $ 147 million.（B） It covered 17% of students to receive some aid.（C） It reduced the amount
