1、大学英语六级模拟试卷 615（无答案）一、Part I Writing (30 minutes)1 Hiring Celebrities as Visiting Professors1目前有不少大学请明星当客座教授2对这一现象，人们看法不同3我的看法二、Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions
2、attached to the passage. For questions 1-4, mark：Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.2 New Hopes for Preventing AID
3、SThe success of anti-retroviral (抑止肿瘤病毒) drugs in treating HIV is getting researchers at the 16th International AIDS conference excited at the prospect that the potent medicines might be exploited to perform double duty. Why not use the power of these ARVs to prevent an HIV transmission or infection
4、 from taking hold in the first place? Bill and Melinda Gates asked that provocative question on the opening day of the conference, and are committing their considerable financial resources toward finding an answer. In their remarks, they highlighted the need to develop microbicides and oral-preventi
5、on drugs while we wait for a vaccine. And they will get their first hint at how smart their decision was this Thursday, when scientists from West Africa report the initial results from the first trial studying an oral prevention drug.So how realistic are the Gates in expecting even more from the ARV
6、s? “I do think the range of prevention options we have within the next decade will greatly expand,“ says Dr. Helene Gayle, President of Care USA and co-chair of the conference. “The biologic plausibility for both microbicides and oral-prevention drags is so great.“ Dr. Mark Dybul, U.S. Global AIDS C
7、oordinator, said that if a microbicide or prevention drug becomes available to protect people from infections, they would be funded under the Presidents Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief if countries chose to use them. “We would support all of that; it would be perfectly within our mandate to do all th
8、at,“ he told TIME.Preventing HIV is the only way to keep the number of new infections that occur each year - 4 million - from growing. And yet prevention strategies, always the ugly stepsister to treatment programs, have not really taken hold in the developing nations where the rate of infection is
9、highest. An effective vaccine, of course, is the ultimate prevention weapon, but as the Gates pointed out, an HIV shot is still a long way off. In the meantime, microbicides could be one way to co-opt ARVs into the prevention war; these are chemical compounds, usually in the form of a gel or cream,
10、that women can use vaginally prior to intercourse to stop the transmission of HIV - its the same idea behind spermicides (杀精子剂), which are chemical barriers to sperm entering the vagina and causing pregnancy. Its an elegantly simple approach, made even simpler by the fact that researchers didnt real
11、ly have to start from scratch to come up with new anti-HIV compounds; they already have them in the ARVs, which now interrupt the virus from infecting cells at various points in its life cycle.The key difference is that in a microbicide, the drugs are being used in healthy people rather than in thos
12、e infected with HIV. When ARVs are used for treatment, both doctors and patients are willing to tolerate a higher level of side effects - after all, if the choice is between dying from HIV-AIDS and side effects, most patients opt for the latter. If the drugs are to be used to prevent infection, howe
13、ver, everything changes; understandably, healthy people arent as likely to accept the same level of side effects and toxicities as those already infected.Thats why clinical trials are so significant. So far, there are 30 to 40 different microbicide candidates being tested in animals, and five trials
14、 in Ghana, Nigeria and other developing nations at the most advanced stages of testing in women. Dr. Gita Ramjee, of the HIV Prevention Research Unit in Durban, South Africa, has worked with all five, and is hopeful that they will prove effective and make an impact on the disease. Because these late
15、st microbicides are reformulated ARVs, however, the problem of the virus becoming resistant to them is a potential drawback. Dr. Peter Plot, of UNAIDS, suggests basing microbicides only on the drugs do not make it through the pharmaceutical pipeline many are rejected because they dont maintain high
16、enough levels in the blood to treat an HIV infection, but could be sufficiently powerful to prevent transmission.But Zeda Rosenberg, CEO of International Partnership for Microbicides, which has sponsored a number of the trims, believes that since microbicides arent designed to enter the bloodstream
17、and suppress HIV there, resistance wont be as huge a hurdle as it is for ARVs used in treatment. “The studies so far, with most of the ARV products, suggest very low levels of systemic absorption,“ she says. “It may be that there is insufficient absorption to select for resistance. But we wont know
18、that answer until we do the efficacy trials.“ The first of these results, from Nigeria, will be released in September 2007. Even if they prove to be effective, Ramjee and others stress that microbicides - whether they come in the form of a gel or cream applied before intercourse, or as part of a del
19、ayed release ring inserted into the cervix that can provide the drug for anywhere from 30 to 90 days - are not a physical barrier to HIV. At best, microbicides may be 80% effective in preventing the transmission of the virus during intercourse. To improve the chances that the virus doesnt slip by, h
20、owever, there is always the possibility of combining the ARVs, in the same Way that doctors currently do to treat infected patients.On the ground, however, Ramjee noted that its sometimes hard to keep patients enrolled. Not only do women often face opposition from their male partners to using the mi
21、crobicide, there is the reality that many of the women enrolled end up getting pregnant, and as a result, have to drop out. (The trial sponsors, including USAID, NIIH and the Gates Foundation, do continue to provide family planning and other pre and post natal services to these women, if they choose
22、 to use them. )Even more tantalizing (让人着急的) than the microbicides is the idea of taking a pill before intercourse or other high-risk behavior, and thereby becoming protected from HIV. Drugs for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEPs = Prevention of or protective treatment for disease) were born from the s
23、uccess of programs that prevent mother-to-child transmission; since ARVs given to women pre-and-post-delivery are effective in reducing the transmission of HIV to the child, and using ARVs before exposure to HIV have the same effect in protecting partners. Five trials, all involving two compounds, T
24、enofovir or Truvada, are now underway in Thailand, Botswana, Peru, West Africa and even the U.S. Its being tested in groups at highest risk of transmitting the virus-commercial sex workers and gay men. “What you want is a high level of ARV in the blood and body secretions, so that when you are expos
25、ed to HIV, the ARV will kill the virus,“ explains Dr. Peter Plot, director of UNAIDS. “Because at infection, the number of virus particles is very, very small, so you can inhibit or kill them before they penetrate cells or just at the early phases of infection.“Piot, however, notes that if PrEPs pro
26、ve effective, they will create a number of thorny ethical issues: How will use of the drug be monitored? Could it become a “party“ drug or a Viagra-like crutch that people erroneously believe will provide them with absolute protection? “Well need a lot of behavioral research, which I think should be
27、 initiated as soon as possible,“ he says. “Particularly when it looks like PrEP will become a reality.“ Resistance is a key issue with PrEP as well, and if effective PrEP drugs are used widely, the problem of resistant HIV expands rapidly. “We need to be better about looking at what public health st
28、rategy we should use for ARVs,“ says Gayle. “There are a lot of potential pitfalls, but our commitment has to be to make options available, develop options that are safe and effective, so they can be used by people who need them the most, and at the same time make sure we have policies so they are u
29、sed in the safest way possible from a public health perspective.“2 ARVs havent been used widely to prevent HIV transmission or infection for lack of money.3 The great biologic plausibility makes it possible to use microbicides and oral-prevention drugs to prevent HIV in the next 10 years.4 Lack of p
30、revention strategies and treatment programs makes the developing countries the largest in the number of HIV infection.5 Virtually all patients choose to tolerate side effects when confronted with the choice between dying from HIV-AIDS and side effects.6 According to Dr. Peter Diot, _ could be powerf
31、ul enough to prevent HIV transmission.7 Zeda Rosenberg has an assumption that the latest microbicides dont cause many side effects by reason that the body system _.8 According to Ramjee, the combination of _ is possibly the most effective in preventing HIV virus from transmitting during intercourse.
32、9 Both mother-to-child transmission and partner-to-partner transmission can be prevented or protected effectively by drugs for _.10 Dr. Peter Diot believes that it may be effective to use ARVs to _.11 Widely using PrEPs may cause potential problems like ethical issues and _.Section ADirections: In t
33、his section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must
34、 read the four choices marked A, B, C and D, and decide which is the best answer.（A）The long wait.（B） The mistakes in her telephone bill.（C） The broken-down computer.（D）The bad telephone service.（A）The CEO of the company.（B） The creator of the company.（C） The founder of Ottawa.（D）The manager of the
35、department.（A）The work place.（B） The environment.（C） His wife and children.（D）The income.（A）Wang Fang is unqualified.（B） It will be determined according to the manager.（C） The other candidates will be interviewed.（D）Nancy forgot it.（A）An alien spacecraft landing.（B） The impact of a meteorite.（C） A v
36、olcanic eruption.（D）The blizzard conditions in Alaska.（A）Seeing a falling round object.（B） Hearing a bird-like sound.（C） Observing a bright light.（D）Witnessing the impact.（A）The dinosaurs want extinct.（B） A number of meteorites crashed into Earth.（C） Some animal species evolved.（D）Some plants went e
37、xtinct.（A）Discovering new life in space.（B） Studying meteorites.（C） Plotting the courses of asteroids.（D）Developing radar telescopes.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will
38、 be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.（A）Kings and queens, princes and princesses, and lords and ladies built castles in order to get more land.（B） Around the outside of a castle, a moat was dug, which was often fi
39、lled with water.（C） A castle was built behind a thick and high stonewall, which was strong enough to stand the possible attack of enemies.（D）If a drawbridge was pulled up, there was no way for people to enter the castle.（A）They lived a luxurious life and their diet was very delicate.（B） They lived a
40、 highly civilized court life.（C） They lived a primitive life and their table manners were often rude.（D）They lived a comparatively luxurious but not-so-civilized life.（A）Castles structure and the eating habit in them.（B） Castles structure and people who lived in them.（C） Castles structure and the li
41、ves in them.（D）Why people built castles and castles structure.（A）The industrialization of the United States.（B） The development of individual timepieces.（C） Reasons for increased productivity.（D）How wristwatches are manufactured.（A）It was fashionable to wear them.（B） They were inexpensive.（C） They w
42、ere a sign of wealth.（D）It was important to be on time.（A）Watches became less important because factories had clocks.（B） Watches were of higher quality than ever before.（C） More clocks were manufactured than watches.（D）The availability of watches increased.（A）Introduce Alvin Tofflers best seller Fut
43、ure Shock.（B） Discuss the throwaway problem in America.（C） Analyze the relationship between men and things.（D）Describe the throwaway products made in USA（A）Bibs.（B） Cardboard milk containers.（C） Spaceships.（D）Rockets.（A）Poor quality leads to the short-term use of products.（B） People do not like one-
44、time use products.（C） Products tend to be disposable.（D）People refuse to use returnable objects.（A）Throwaway products are widely used because they are produced.（B） Using throwaway products is too wasteful.（C） Throwaway products play an important role in American society.（D）Throwaway objects should b
45、e stopped.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exa
46、ct words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the 30 Microsoft is a well-known corporation and its main product is software. The man who will
47、soon become Microsofts new chief 【B1】_ officer, Steve Ballmer, said on Thursday that it would be “ 【B2 】_ reckless and irresponsible“ to break up the massive 【B3】_ firm. “I think it would be absolutely reckless and 【B4】 _ for anyone to try to break up this company,“ Ballmer said at a news 【B5】 _ aft
48、er Chairman Bill Gates introduced him as the new CEO. The company is in the middle of 【B6】 _ with the US Government in a 【B7】_ antitrust case. The government favors breaking up Microsoft Corp., best known for creating Windows computer operating systems. A break-up would settle the case, people 【B8】
49、_ with the mediation talks taking place in Chicago have said. 【B9】 _ , sources said. But Ballmer and Gates said that only a unified company able to deliver across-the-board solutions could add “real value“. When being asked what he thought about breaking up the company, Gates replied, “ 【B10】_ .“After Ballmers statement, a Justice Department spokesperson in Washington, D. C. declined to state the governments view. “ 【B11】_ ,“said the
