1、大学英语六级（2013 年 12 月考试改革适用）模拟试卷 194（无答案）一、Part I Writing1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on judgment by referring to the saying “Dont judge a book by its cover until youve read the book.“ You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain how you can make rati
2、onal judgments. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Section A（A）Food packaging.（B） Varieties of fish.（C） A new snack food.（D）An artificial food flavoring.（A）To preserve it longer.（B） To give it a particular taste.（C） To make it smoother.（D）To increase the fermentation.（A）I
3、ts low purchase price.（B） Its wide availability.（C） Its good nutritional value.（D）Its high water content.（A）Because the product is out of stock.（B） Because it will take months to arrive.（C） Because the food hasnt been produced yet.（D）Because the special fish is in short supply.（A）She forgot the time
4、.（B） She didnt feel hungry.（C） She attended a prolonged class.（D）She ran into an old friend.（A）He is unable to prevent students from fighting.（B） He is popular for his devotion to teaching.（C） His lectures are hard to understand.（D）He is ignorant of his students health.（A）To visit the professor priv
5、ately.（B） To argue with the professor.（C） To attend the professors class.（D）To skip the professors class.（A）They make him feel good.（B） He is indifferent to them.（C） They bore him to death.（D）He is overburdened.Section B（A）The merits and drawbacks of a large population.（B） The disadvantages of a lar
6、ge population.（C） The advantages of a small population.（D）The rapidly growing world population.（A）The level of education varies around the world.（B） The economists attitudes to population differ greatly.（C） The living standard varies from country to country.（D）The countries attitudes to population d
7、iffer greatly.（A）Great pressure on housing.（B） Rising demands of goods.（C） The prosperity of the building industry.（D）A declining market for manufactured goods.（A）Rising fuel costs to limit the use of it.（B） Saving energy and use other sources.（C） Having protection against fuel shortage.（D）Putting i
8、n a solar unit in every house.（A）The disadvantages of solar energy.（B） The pollution of other energy sources.（C） The rising fuel costs and fuel shortage.（D）The costs of solar energy system.（A）There is no space to put in solar units.（B） It is decided by Mother Nature.（C） It is not the right time to u
9、se it.（D）It costs too much to use it.（A）It will go up.（B） It will come down.（C） It will go up and down.（D）It will stay the same.Section C（A）Cultivating creative talents.（B） Producing university professors.（C） Fostering industrial leaders.（D）Nurturing great artists.（A）All-around development.（B） Creat
10、ivity for the future.（C） Basic social skills.（D）Academic capability.（A）Very normal in the 21st century.（B） Absolutely correct forever.（C） Profoundly wrong for now.（D）Rattier absurd in the 19th century.（A）Its a commercial plane with two captains.（B） Its a newly produced American plane.（C） Its a fight
11、er armed with high technology.（D）Its an auto-driven plane without pilots.（A）They are only in restricted use by army.（B） They carry passengers but no pilots.（C） They drive automatically with pilots in them.（D）They themselves can handle anything wrong.（A）Theyre similar to a radio-controlled model airc
12、raft.（B） They fly throughout the world freely just like eagles.（C） They can autonomously comply with the air rules.（D）They are more flexible and faster than bigger aircraft.（A）They are always safer than manned planes.（B） They are faster than many helicopters.（C） They can do many jobs at a lower cost
13、.（D）They can carry out all jobs conveniently.（A）The advanced science and high technology.（B） The close connections across the globe.（C） The well-educated young generatioa（D）The wise policy made by governments.（A）Good relationship with the managers of the company.（B） Willingness to work overtime for
14、the company.（C） Adaption to business trips around the world.（D）Overseas experience with languages and cultures（A）Finding a good job in a famous international company.（B） Shaping the future of your country and the whole world.（C） Bringing honor to your family by the oversea study experience.（D）Gettin
15、g a Green Card to work and live in a foreign country.Section A26 Innovation, the effective recipe of progress, has always cost people their jobs. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has【C1】_many of the mid-skill jobs that supported 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticket agents, ba
16、nk tellers and many production-line jobs have been【C2 】_with.For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such change is a natural part of rising【C3】_. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more productive society becomes ri
17、cher and its wealthier inhabitants【C4】_more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was employed on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not delivered to joblessness, but found better-paid work as the economy gr
18、ew more【C5 】_. Today the pool of secretaries has【C6】_, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers.Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating(扰乱的)effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its benefit. Even if new jobs and【C7】_pro
19、ducts emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technologys impact will feel like a tornado, hitting the rich world first, but【C8】_sweeping through poorer countries too. Worse, it seems likely that this wave of technological
20、【C9】_to the job market has only just started. From driverless cars to clever household devices, innovations that already exist could destroy jobs that have【C10】_been untouched.A)prosperity E)partition I)conversely M)demandB)dispensed F)eventually J)shrunk N)complicatedC)inquire G)sophisticated K)fra
21、gile O)hithertoD)wonderful H)displaced L)disruption27 【C1 】28 【C2 】29 【C3 】30 【C4 】31 【C5 】32 【C6 】33 【C7 】34 【C8 】35 【C9 】36 【C10 】Section B36 Do Britains Energy Firms Serve the Public Interest?ACapitalism is the best and worst of systems. Left to itself, it will embrace the new and uncompromisingl
22、y follow the logic of prices and profit, a revolutionary accelerator for necessary change. But it can only ever react to todays prices, which cannot capture what will happen tomorrow. So, left to itself, capitalism will neglect both the future and the cohesion of the society in which it trades.BWhat
23、 we know, especially after the financial crisis of 2008, is that we cant leave capitalism to itself. If we want it to work at its best, combining its doctrines with public and social objectives, there is no alternative but to design the markets in which it operates. We also need to try to add in wid
24、er obligations than the simple pursuit of economic logic. Otherwise, there lies disaster.CIf this is now obvious in banking, it has just become so in energy. Since 2004, consumers energy bills have nearly tripled, far more than the rise in energy prices. The energy companies demand returns nearly do
25、uble those in mass retailing. This would be problematic at any time, but when wages in real terms have fallen by some 10% in five years it constitutes a crisis. John Major, pointing to the mass of citizens who now face a choice between eating or being warmas he made the case for a high profits tax o
26、n energy companiesdrove home the social reality. The energy market, as it currently operates, is maladaptive and illegitimate. There has to be changed.DThe design of this market is now universally recognised as wrong, universally, that is, excepting the regulator and the government. The energy compa
27、nies are able to disguise their cost structures because there is no general pool into which they are required to sell their energyinstead opaquely striking complex internal deals between their generating and supply arms. Yet this is an industry where production and consumption is 24/7 and whose prod
28、uction logic requires such energy pooling. The sector has informally agreed, without regulatory challenge, that it should seek a supply margin of 5%twice that of retailing.EOn top the industry also requires long-term price guarantees for investment in renewables and nuclear without any comparable re
29、turn in lowering its target cost of capital. The national grid, similarly privately owned, balances its profit maximising aims with a need to ensure security of supply. And every commitment to decarbonise British energy supply by 2030 is passed on to the consumer, rich and poor alike, whatever their
30、 capacity to pay. It will also lead to negligible new investment unless backed by government guarantees and subsidies. It could scarcely be worseand with so much energy capacity closing in the next two years constitutes a first-order national crisis.FThe general direction of reform is clear. Energy
31、companies should be required to sell their electricity into a pool whose price would become the base price for retail. This would remove the ability to mask the relationship between costs and prices: retail prices would fall as well as rise clearly and unambiguously as pool prices changed.GThe grid,
32、 which delivers electricity and gas into our homes and is the guarantor that the lights wont go out, must be in public ownership, as is Network Rail in the rail industry. It should also be connected to a pan-European grid for additional security. Green commitments, or decisions to support developing
33、 renewables, should be paid out of general taxation to take the poll tax element out of energy bills, with the rich paying more than the poor for the public good. Because returns on investment take decades in the energy industry, despite what free market fundamentalists argue, the state has to assum
34、e financial responsibility of energy investment as it is doing with nuclear and renewables.HThe British energy industry has gone from nationalisation to privatisation and back to government control in the space of 25 years. Although the energy industry is nominally in private hands, we have exactly
35、the same approach of government picking winners and dictating investment plans that was followed with disastrous consequences from the Second World War to the mid 1980s. In the 1970s and early 1980s, the consumer got unfair treatment because long-term investment plans and contracts promoted by the g
36、overnment required electricity companies to use expensive local coal.IThe energy industry is, once again, controlled by the state. The same underlying drivers dictate policy in the new world of state control. It is not rational economic thinking and public-interested civil servants that determine po
37、licy, but interest groups. Going back 30 years, it was the coal industryboth management and unionsand the nuclear industry that dictated policy. Tony Benn said he had “never known such a well-organised scientific, industrial and technical lobby“. Today, it is green pressure groups, EU parliamentaria
38、ns and commissioners and, often, the energy industry itself that are loading burdens on to consumers. When the state controls the energy industry, whether through the back or the front door, it is vested interests(既得利益)that get their way and the consumer who pays.JSo how did we get to where we are t
39、oday? In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the industry was entirely privatised. It was recognised that there were natural monopoly elements and so prices in these areas were regulated. At the same time, the regulator was given a duty to promote competition. From 1998, all domestic energy consumers co
40、uld switch supplier for the first time and then wholesale markets were liberalised, allowing energy companies to source the cheapest forms of energy. Arguably, this was the high water mark of the liberalisation of the industry.KPrivatisation was a great success. Instead of investment policy being di
41、ctated by the impulses of government and interest groups, it became dictated by long-term commercial considerations. Sadly, the era of liberalised markets, rising efficiency and lower bills did not last long. Both the recent Labour governments and the coalition have pursued similar policies of inter
42、vention after intervention to send the energy industry almost back to where it started.LOne issue that unites left and many on the paternalist right is that of energy security. We certainly need government intervention to keep the lights on and ensure that we are not over-dependent on energy from un
43、stable countries. But it should also be noted that there is nothing more insecure than energy arising from a policy determined by vested interests without any concern for commercial considerations. Energy security will not be achieved by requiring energy companies to invest in expensive sources of s
44、upply and by making past investments redundant through regulation. It will also not be achieved by making the investment environment even more uncertain. Several companies all seeking the cheapest supplies from diverse sources will best serve the interests of energy security.MThe UK once had an inef
45、ficient and expensive energy industry. After privatisation, costs fell as the industry served the consumer rather than the mining unions and pro-nuclear interests. Today, after a decade or more of increasing state control, we have an industry that serves vested interests rather than the consumer int
46、erest once again. Electricity prices before taxes are now 15% higher than the average of major developed nations. Electricity could be around 50% cheaper without government interventions. We must liberalise again and not complete the circle by returning to nationalisation.37 It can be said that libe
47、ralisation of energy industry reaches a high level in the late 1990s.38 The rising consumers energy bills, combined with the falling wages, make the energy market more problematic.39 Coal industry and nuclear industry have both served as interest groups that determine policy in history.40 The produc
48、tion logic of energy industry calls for an energy pooling which currently does not exist.41 The British energy industry switched between nationalisation and privatisation for over two decades.42 Electricity could be half as cheap if there were no government intervention.43 Consumers, whether rich or
49、 poor, will pay for the decarbonisation commitments.44 Capitalism is a system that can only respond to what happens today, not tomorrow.45 The cost related to renewable developments should be paid by general taxation.46 Energy security will be best achieved if energy companies all try their best to lower their cost by buying from varied sources.Section C46 President Barack Obamas pick to head the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA), Lisa Jackson, has spent 20 years as an env
