1、职称英语（卫生类）C 级模拟试卷 31（无答案）一、 词汇选项 (第 1-15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分)下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1 个意义最为接近选项。1 Mary Mapes Dodge exercised considerable influence on childrens literature in the late nineteenth century.（A）stylistic（B） great（C） personal（D）exclusive2 Many classical music lovers feel disorie
2、nted when they listen to modern atonal music.（A）disgusted（B） disappointed（C） lost（D）enchanted3 Cattle graze on the-dry uplands of the island of Hawaii.（A）wander（B） breed（C） feed（D）exercise4 American journalists often overstate a situation to make the news more stimulating.（A）exaggerate（B） inspire（C）
3、 animate（D）misinterpret5 Wet clays can be easily molded into a form that they retain.（A）compressed（B） combined（C） placed（D）shaped6 After years of research, Charles Drew devised a procedure for preserving plasma.（A）transporting（B） saving（C） reusing（D）labeling7 Hes going to set off on a journey to New
4、 York.（A）begin（B） beset（C） flaunt（D）braid8 These scissors are blunt and can not cut paper.（A）weak（B） broken（C） dull（D）rough9 Most cloud formations occur when air masses of different temperatures collide.（A）touch（B） smash（C） bump（D）clash10 Pure feldspar is a colorless, transparent mineral, but impuri
5、ties commonly make it opaque and colorful.（A）truly（B） rapidly（C） periodically（D）frequently11 Margaret Meads reputation was established with the publication of her first book in 198and was enhanced by her many subsequent contributions to anthropology.（A）obscured（B） entranced（C） heightened（D）restored1
6、2 There are numerous manuals available with instructions on how to fix a bicycle.（A）control（B） ride（C） repair（D）steer13 The hub of commerce is located near the capital.（A）station（B） example（C） nucleus（D）remnant14 His friend unexpectedly dropped in.（A）visited（B） stepped in（C） dropped off（D）met15 Bats
7、 are extremely shy creatures and avoid humans if at all possible.（A）timid（B） clean（C） private（D）noisy 二、 阅读判断 (第 16-22 题，每题 1 分，共 7 分)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。15 Water ResourceMore than half of the water used for drinking, washing an
8、d irrigating comes from under the ground. This subterranean (地下的)water is known as groundwater.It is generally taken for granted that the groundwater drawn from wells is present every where and will always be available and clean and safe to drink. But experts are reporting that groundwater sources c
9、an dry up through overuse, or become contaminated as a result of pollution, poor sanitation (卫生)or salt water intrusion.This“ invisible resource“as groundwater was described by the United Nations for its 1998 observance (纪念)of World Day for Wateris slowly emerging in political, economic and personal
10、 affairs.With demand growing and supply presenting greater difficulties, groundwater is on the way to becoming a boom business. The World Bank estimates that the developing countries will require investments totaling $ 600 billion to repair and improve water systems. Of the investments that are actu
11、ally made, a substantial amount will be devoted to extracting and piping groundwater, primarily for agricultural use and secondarily for industry and household consumption. With a trend towards privatization of public services, it can be expected that a growing portion of investments in water will c
12、ome from the private sector; requirements that governments privatize water utilities are already being written into the terms of multilateral loans. One consequence of growing privatization may be that access to water will not be re-graded as a right, but as a function of economic markets.Groundwate
13、r, which in its natural state is more protected than surface water, is the preferred source of drinking water for cities. But pressure is being placed on groundwater resources lying close to urban areas by exploding populations, as the portion of the worlds people residing in citied balloons from 31
14、 percent in 1995 to a projected 50 percent in 2005. And there is also the pressure of dollars to purchase land lying above groundwater sources and to keep it in a natural state, in order to protect aquifers (蓄水的) from contamination. In the developing countries, where urban population growth is surpa
15、ssing sewage systems, the problem of untreated human waste is extremely serious.Alongside the problems of public groundwater sources is the increased consumption of privately bottled water, most of which is named spring water, i. e. groundwater. Consumption of bottled water in the United States, for
16、 instance, has risen from virtually nil(零)in the 1950s to 843 million gallons in 1984 and 2. 95 billion gallons in 1997. But drinking bottled water is not just a trend for the middle classes. In developing countries, water pipes rarely extend to the poorer neighbourhoods, and residents have no choic
17、e but to pay high prices for bottled water.Political leaders and analysts are talking more frequently about the possibility that increasing demand for precious groundwater will lead to crossborder conflicts, even wars. It is not easy to resolve disputes over the highest groundwater rights, since man
18、y aquifers and underground streams cross national borders; and a well drilled vertically within the boundaries of one country may very well be drawing water from the same aquifer, also chosen by a neighbouring nation. Inclined and even horizontal drilling further complicates this issue.16 The passag
19、e mainly talks about the privatization of groundwater.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned17 Groundwater is omnipresent.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned18 Groundwater is a preferred source of drinking water.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned19 Access to water will be regarded as a function of econom
20、ic markets.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned20 Compared with developed countries, the biggest problem in developing countries is cross-border conflicts and wars.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned21 The middle classes drink bottled water because water pipes rarely extend to their neighbourhoods.（A）R
21、ight（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned22 Bottled water is more convenient.（A）Right（B） Wrong（C） Not mentioned三、 概括大意与完成句子 (第 23-30 题，每题 1 分，共 8 分)下面的短文后有 2 项测试任务：(1)第 23-26 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为第 2-5 段每段选择一个最佳标题；(2)第 27-30 题要求从所给的 6 个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。22 Icy Microbes1 In ice that has sealed a salty Antarctic lake f
22、or more than 2, 800 years, scientists have found frozen bacteria and algae that returned to life after thawing. The research may help in the search for life on Mars, which is thought to have subsurface lakes of ice.2 A research team led by Peter Doran of the University of Illinois at Chicago drilled
23、 through more than 39 feet of ice to collect samples of bacteria and algae. When Dorans team brought them back and warmed them up a bit, they sprang back to life.3 Doran said the microbes have been age-dated at 2, 800 years old, but even older microbes may live deeper in the ice sheet sealing the la
24、ke, and in the briny water below the ice. That deeper ice and the water itself will be cautiously sampled in a later expedition that will test techniques that may one day be used on Mars.4 Called Lake Vida, the 4. 5-square-kilometer body is one of a series of lakes located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys
25、 of Antarctica, some 2, 200 kilometers due south2 of New Zealand. This lake has been known since the 1950s, but people ignored it because they thought it was just a big block of ice. While at the site for other research in the 1990s, Doran and his colleagues sent radar signals into the clear ice cov
26、ering the lake and were surprised to find that 62 feet below there was a pool of liquid water that was about seven times more salty than seawater.5 That prompted the researchers to return in 1996 with equipment to drill a hole down to within a few feet of the water layer. At the bottom of this hole,
27、 researchers harvested specimens of algae and bacteria.6 The researchers will return in 2004 equipped with instruments that are sterilized. They will then drill through the full 62 feet of ice and sample some of the briny water from the lake for analysis. The water specimen will be cultured to see i
28、f it contains life. Specimens from the water are expected to be even older than the life forms extracted from the ice covering.A Significance of Testing Techniques for Sampling Microbes in the Deep Ice SheetB Special Features of Lake VidaC Later Expedition on MarsD 2004 Revisit Planned for Collectin
29、g Lake Water SpecimensE Antarctic Frozen Life Sampled and RevivedF Accidental Discovery of Ice-sealed Lake Water in Antarctica23 Paragraph _24 Paragraph 3_25 Paragraph _26 Paragraph _26 A is found to be a great deal higher than that of seawaterB was of little scientific valueC may be older than that
30、 collected below 39 feet of iceD might have come from MarsE is to collect some briny lake water for analysisF may return to life sooner than microbes frozen in the surface ice27 Scientists ignored Lake Vida because they thought that a lake of ice_.28 Scientists expect that the life, if found in deep
31、er water below the ice sheet, 29 What the scientists will do in 200_.30 The salt concentration in the liquid water of Lake Vida_ .四、 阅读理解 (第 31-45 题，每题 3 分，共 45 分)下面有 3 篇短文后有 5 道题。请根据短文内容，为每题选 1 个最佳选项。30 AdvertisementAdvertisement can be thought of “as the means of making known in order to buy or se
32、ll goods or services “. Advertisement aims to increase people s awareness and arouse interest. It tries to inform and to persuade. The media are all used to spread the message. The press offers a fairly cheap method, and magazines are used to reach special sections of the market.The cinema and comme
33、rcial radio are useful for local market. Television, although more expensive, can be very effective. Public notices are fairly cheap and more permanent in their power of attraction. Other ways of increasing consumer interest are through exhibitions and trade fairs as well as direct mail advertisemen
34、t.There can be no doubt that the growth in advertisement is one of the most striking features of the western world in this century. Many businesses such as those handling frozen foods, liquor, tobacco and medicines have been built up largely by advertisement.We might ask whether the cost of advertis
35、ement is paid for by the producer or by the customer. Since advertisement forms part of the cost of production, which has to be covered by the selling price, it is clear that it is the customer who pays for advertisement. However, if large scale advertisement leads to increased demand, production co
36、sts are reduced, and the customer pays less.It is difficult to measure exactly the influence of advertisement on sales. When the market is growing, advertisement helps to increase demand. When the market is shrinking, advertisement may prevent a bigger fall in sales than would occur without its supp
37、ort. What is clear is that businesses would not pay large sums for advertisement if they were not convinced of its value to them.31 Advertisement is often used to_.（A）deceive customers（B） increase production（C） arouse suspicion（D）push the sale32 The word “media“(in the first paragraph) includes_.（A）
38、the press（B） television（C） radio（D）all of the above33 Advertisement is mainly paid for by_.（A）the customer（B） the producer（C） increased sales（D）reduced prices34 Advertisement can increase demand_.（A）all the time（B） in any circumstances（C） in a growing market（D）in a shrinking market35 From the last s
39、entence of this passage we conclude that_.（A）businesses usually do not pay much for advertisement（B） businessmen know well that advertisement could bring them more profits（C） advertisement could hardly convince people of the value of the goods（D）advertisement usually cost businesses large amounts of
40、 money 35 Eat Healthy“Clean your plate!“ and “Be a member of the clean-plate club!“ Just about every kid in the US has heard this from a parent or grandparent. Often, its accompanied by an appeal: “Just think about those starving orphans in Africa!“ Sure, we should be grateful for every bite of food
41、. Unfortunately, many people in the US take too many bites. Instead of staying “clean the plate“, perhaps we should save some food for tomorrow.According to news reports, US restaurants are partly to blame for the growing bellies. A waiter puts a plate of food in front of each customer, with two to
42、four times the amount recommended by the government, according to a USA Today story. Americans traditionally associate quantity with value and most restaurants try to give them that. They prefer to have customers complain about too much food rather than too little.Barbara Rolls, a nutrition professo
43、r at Pennsylvania State University, told USA Today that restaurant portion sizes began to grow in the 1970s, the same time that the American waistline began to expand.Health experts have tried to get many restaurants to serve smaller portions. Now, apparently, some customers are calling for this too
44、. The restaurant industry trade magazine QSR reported last month that 57 percent of more than 4, 000 people surveyed believe restaurants serve portions that are too large; 23 percent had no opinion; 20 percent disagreed. But a closer look at the survey indicates that many Americans who cant afford f
45、ine dining still prefer large portions. Seventy percent of those earning at least $150, 000 per year prefer smaller portions; but only 45 percent of those earning less than $25, 000 want smaller.Its not that working class Americans dont want to eat healthy. Its just that, after long hours at low-pay
46、ing jobs, getting less on their plate hardly seems like a good deal. They live from paycheck to paycheck, happy to save a little money for next years Christmas presents.36 Parents in the United States tend to ask their children_.（A）to wash the dishes（B） to save food（C） not to eat too much（D）not to w
47、aste food37 Why do American restaurants serve large portions? _（A）Because Americans have big bellies.（B） Because Americans associate quantity with value.（C） Because Americans are greedy.（D）Because Americans are good eaters.38 What happened in the 1970s? _（A）Health experts persuaded restaurants to se
48、rve smaller portions.（B） The US government recommended the amount of food a restaurant gave to a customer.（C） The American waistline started to expand.（D）The United States produced more grain than needed.39 What does the survey indicate? _（A）Twenty percent Americans want smaller portions.（B） Many po
49、or Americans want large portions.（C） Twenty three percent Americas earn less than $25, 000 per year.（D）Fifty seven percent Americans earn $ 150, 000 per year.40 Which of the following is NOT true of working class Americans? _（A）They live from paycheck to paycheck,（B） They work long hours.（C） They want to save money for their children.（D）They dont want to be healthy eaters.40 Common Problems, Common SolutionsThe chances are that you m
