1、教师公开招聘考试中学英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 3 及答案与解析阅读理解0 If you smoke and you still dont believe that theres a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles , heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. No one will accuse you of hypocrisy. Let us just say that you are suffering from
2、 a bad case of wishful thinking. This neednt make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. Whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. Admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. In Br
3、itain for instance, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. The conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.You dont have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm.
4、 The answer is simply money. Tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. Its almost like a tax on our daily bread. In tax revenue alone, the government of Britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. So while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smokin
5、g may, conceivable, be harmful, it doesnt do to shout too loudly about it.This is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. While money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. Enormous amounts are spent on cancer resea
6、rch and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. Countless valuable lives are lost. In the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.Of course, we are not ready for such a drastic action. But if the governments of the world wer
7、e honestly concerned about the welfare of their people, youd think theyd conduct aggressive anti-smoking campaigns. Far from it! The tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. Its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. We are never shown pictures of real smokers co
8、ughing up their lungs early in the morning. That would never do. The advertisement always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. They suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! Smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. What utte
9、r nonsense!For a start, governments could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. Smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. Great efforts should be made to inform young
10、 people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. A horrific warningsay, a picture of a deaths headshould be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. As individuals, we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ou
11、rselves.1 Why do a few governments take timid measures toward smoking?（A）Because they are afraid of people.（B） Because diseases cost a lot.（C） Because they are afraid of the cutting down of their revenue.（D）Because they are afraid of manufacturers.2 The tone of this passage is_.（A）critical（B） ironic
12、al（C） distaste（D）amusing3 What is the best title of this passage?（A）World Governments should Conduct Serious Campaigns against Smoking.（B） World Governments Take Timid Measures against Smoking.（C） Smoking is the most Important Source of Income to Many Countries.（D）Tobacco Industry Spends a Large Sum
13、 of Money on Medical Research.3 Imagining being asked to spend twelve or so years of your life in a society which consisted only of members of own sex. How would you react? Unless there was something definitely wrong with you, you wouldnt be too happy about it, to say the least. It is all the more s
14、urprising therefore that so many parents in the world choose to impose such abnormal conditions on their childrenconditions which they themselves wouldnt put up with for one minute!Any discussion of this topic is bound to question the aims of education. Stuffing childrens heads full of knowledge is
15、far from being foremost among them. One of the chief aims of educations is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society. Now adult society is made up of men and women, so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone en
16、tering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock.A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature. Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other, to learn to live together from their earliest years. They a
17、re put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life. What a practical advantage it is (to give just a small example) to be able to put on a school play in w
18、hich the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense co-education makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girl, or vice-versa. When segregated, boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apart. Rivalry between the sexes is fostered. In a co-educa
19、tional school, everything falls into its proper place.But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages. Boys dont grow up believing that women are mysterious creaturesfairy goddesses, more like book illustrations to a fairy-tale, than human beings.
20、Girls dont grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes. Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind. There are no goddesses with freckles, pigtails, piercing voices and inky fingers. There are no romantic heroes with knobbly knees, dirty fingernails and unkempt hair. The awkw
21、ard stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up. These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment. Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation. This is hardly possible under a co-educat
22、ional system. When the time comes for the pupils to leave school, they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults.They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.4 What is the best title for this passage?（A）Only Co-education can
23、be in Harmony with Society.（B） People are in Great Need of Co-education.（C） Any Form of Education Other than Co-education is simply Unthinkable.（D）Co-education Has Many Features.5 What does co-education offer to children?（A）A society.（B） A true small model of society.（C） A real life.（D）True version
24、of social condition.6 According to the passage, what is one of the chief aims of education?（A）It is for students to acquire knowledge.（B） It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology.（C） It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.（D）It is for s
25、tudents to get academic achievements.7 Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other?（A）They live together and know each other too well.（B） Years of living together at school dismiss such illusion.（C） Co-education encourages them to have a healthy attitude toward life.（D）Th
26、ey are familiar with each others problems.7 How do you pay for things? Do you usually use cash, or do you like to pay by credit card? If you are like a lot of people, you probably have at least one credit card. Also, you might use it more often than you probably should.Credit cards first became popu
27、lar in the 1920s. At that time, businesses, such as hotels and companies, gave credit cards to their best customers. Unlike todays credit cards, customers could only use these cards at the store or business that gave out the card. Customers had to pay for things in full. They couldnt pay for somethi
28、ng a little at a time.In 1950, a businessman named McNamara started a credit card companyDiners Club. Unlike earlier credit cards, this card could be used by customers at many restaurants. Customers liked the card because they didnt have to carry a lot of cash with them. Restaurant owners liked the
29、card, too. Why? They found out that customers usually spent more money when they could pay by credit card.In its first year of business, Diners Club issued 200 cards. The customers who got the cards from the Diners Club could use them at 27 different restaurants. Today, Diners Club has about 8 milli
30、on customers, and they can use their cards in over 7. 6 million businesses in more than 200 countries.8 What can we know about the earlier credit cards from the passage?（A）They could be used everywhere.（B） Customers had to pay for things in full.（C） They were very popular before the 1920s.（D）Everyon
31、e could get this kind of credit card.9 The underlined word “issued“ here probably means “_“.（A）showed（B） took（C） borrowed（D）provided10 This passage is mainly about_.（A）part of the development of credit cards（B） how to use cash（C） the number of people who use credit cards in the world（D）how credit ca
32、rds help businessmen10 In its early history, Chicago had floods frequently, especially in the spring, making the streets so muddy that people, horses, and carts got stuck. An old joke that was popular at the time went something like this: A man is stuck up to his waist in a muddy Chicago street. Ask
33、ed if he needs help, he replies, “ No, thanks. I ve got a good horse under me. “The city planners decided to build an underground drainage (排水) system, but there simply wasn t enough difference between the height of the ground level and the water level. The only two options were to lower the Chicago
34、 River or raise the city.An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt. This raised the level of the city s streets by as much as 12 feet.This of course created a new problem: dirt practically buried the
35、first floors of every building in Chicago. Building owners were faced with a choice: either change the first floors of their buildings into basements, and the second storeys into main floors, or hoist the entire buildings to meet the new street level. Small wood -frame buildings could be lifted fair
36、ly easily. But what about large, heavy structures like Tremont Hotel, which was a six-storey brick building?That s where George Pullman came in. He had developed some house-moving skills successfully. To lift a big structure like the Tremont Hotel, Pullman would place thousands of jackscrews (螺旋千斤顶)
37、 beneath the building s foundation. One man was assigned to operate each section of roughly 10 jackscrews. At Pullman s signal each man turned his jackscrew the same amount at the same time, thereby raising the building slowly and evenly. Astonishingly, the Tremont Hotel stayed open during the entir
38、e operation, and many of its guests didn t even notice anything was happening.Some people like to say that every problem has a solution. But in Chicago s early history, every engineering solution seemed to create a new problem. Now that Chicago s waste water was draining efficiently into the Chicago
39、 River, the city s next step was to clean the polluted river.11 The author mentions the joke to show_.（A）horses were fairly useful in Chicago（B） Chicago s streets were extremely muddy（C） Chicago was very dangerous in the spring（D）the Chicago people were particularly humorous12 The city planners were
40、 convinced by Ellis Chesbrough to_.（A）get rid of the street dirt（B） lower the Chicago River（C） fight against heavy floods（D）build the pipes above ground13 The underlined word “hoist“ in Paragraph 4 means “_“.（A）change（B） lift（C） repair（D）decorate14 What can we conclude about the moving operation of
41、the Tremont Hotel?（A）It went on smoothly as intended.（B） It interrupted the business of the hotel.（C） It involved Pullman turning ten jackscrews.（D）It separated the building from its foundation.15 The passage is mainly about the early Chicago s_.（A）popular life styles and their influences（B） environ
42、mental disasters and their causes（C） engineering problems and their solutions（D）successful businessmen and their achievements教师公开招聘考试中学英语（阅读理解）模拟试卷 3 答案与解析阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 答案见第二段，“你不用看得很远就能发现为什么官方对医学成果的反应如此冷淡，答案就是钱。烟草是征税的最奇妙的商品，几乎就像日用面包的税收。光烟草税收一项，英国政府就从抽烟人身上征到足以支付整个教育措施的费用。所以在当局那么谨慎地
43、指出吸烟有害时，可以想象，喊叫得太响是不行的。”【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 全文以讽刺的口吻批评政府软弱的禁烟政策，特别表现在第一段和第四段。A批评语气，整篇文章都在批评，这不是什么语气问题。 C厌恶。D有趣。【知识模块】 阅读理解3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 因为前面四段都是现象：(1)政策软弱。如英国政府只在电视上禁止烟草广告以告慰人们的良知。另一方面人民继续一路吞云吐雾走向癌症死亡。(2)讲烟草的税收高，所以不严禁。(3)这项政策的后果是疾病花费大于烟草税收。(4)烟草广告泛滥毒害人。唯一解救的办法就是禁烟。最后一段是结论，也是画龙点睛的主题和标题。“作为
44、起步，政府可以从禁止烟草广告开始，然后应开展抵制吸烟的广告运动。一切公共场合，如戏院、电影院、饭店等应禁止吸烟。应竭尽全力告诫青年，尤其是告诫他们染上恶习的严重后果。在零卖的每包烟盒上应有一令人胆战心惊的警告：例如，一幅骷髅头画像。作为个人，我们力量薄弱，可是如果政府真诚地鼓舞人们行动起来，他们可以保护我们。”B世界各国政府采取禁烟政策软弱无力。C吸烟是许多国家重要收入。这两项是部分具体内容。 D烟草工厂在医疗研究上花了大笔费用这句是错误的。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解4 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 答案见第一段“设想你被要求在一个只有同你一样性别的人存在的社会生活 12 年
45、的光景，你会如何反应呢?除非你本人确实有毛病，否则，你至少不会太高兴。因此，世界上有那么多的父母愿意把这种不正常的环境(他们自己一分钟都受不了的环境)强加给他们的孩子们，这太令人惊讶!”第二段讲“教育的目的之一就是为未来的公民在成人社会中找一席之地，准备好需要的一切。而社会由男女组成，那分校又怎能准备?”后两段讲合校之优点，分校之缺点，具体对比突出主题。这都说明 C 最合适。【知识模块】 阅读理解5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 这在第三段第一句“男女合校确实能给孩子们提供一个社会真实的缩影。”下面的内容都是围绕这个主题而写的具体情况。如：生活在一起，彼此了解，对比等。【知识模块】 阅读理解6
46、 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 这在第二段“这个话题的讨论必然会引出教育目的的问题。把各种知识塞进孩子头脑远不是教育主要的目的，教育的主要目的之一是为未来公民在成人社会求得一席之地，准备好所需一切。”【知识模块】 阅读理解7 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 答案在第四段中，“在学校中，几年生活在一起消除这一类的幻想。没有什么脸上有雀斑，梳着辫子，涂着指甲，尖着嗓音的女神，也没有膝部有疙瘩，指甲脏兮兮，头发乱蓬蓬的浪漫英雄。成长过程中尴尬的青春期明显呈现出来的身体上和感情上的棘手问题，在男女合校环境中得到很好的解决。”【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 从
47、第二段“Customers had to pay for things in full”可以得出答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解9 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 根据下文意思，得出词义“提供”。【知识模块】 阅读理解10 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 通读全文，可知主要讲的是信用卡的初期发展。故选 A。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解11 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 推理判断题。第一段谈到当时芝加哥的街道上泥泞不堪“especially in the spring，making the streets so muddy that people，horses，and carts got
48、 stuck”，可知作者在本段中提到此笑话的目的也是为了说明这一点，故选 B。【知识模块】 阅读理解12 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段的首句“An engineer named Ellis Chesbrough convinced me the city that it had no choice but to build the pipes above ground and then cover them with dirt”可知 EllisChesbrough 建议修造地上排水管，故选 D。【知识模块】 阅读理解13 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 词义推测题。房主们面临一个选择：要么把第一层改成地下室，要么抬升整个建筑物，使其达到新街道的高度。由此可知 hoist 意为“抬升，抬高”，故选 B 项。【知识模块】 阅读理解14 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句可知，Tremont 酒店在抬升期间照常营业，客人们甚至没有注意到 Tremont 酒店的变化，说明整体抬升是按计划顺利完成了，故选 A。【知识模块】 阅读理解15 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知主要是说明早期芝加哥面临的一些工程问题和解决办法，故选 C 项。【知识模块】 阅读理解
