1、专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 43 及答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on th
2、e Answer Sheet.0 Political controversy about the public-land policy of the United States began with the American Revolution. In fact, even before independence from Britain was won, it became clear that resolving the dilemmas surrounding the public domain might prove necessary to preserve the Union i
3、tself.At the peace negotiations with Britain, American demanded, and got, a western boundary at the Mississippi River. Thus the new nation secured for its birthright a vast internal empire rich in agricultural and mineral resources. But under their colonial charters, seven states Massachusetts, Conn
4、ecticut, New York, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia claimed portions of the western wilderness. Virginia s claim was the largest, stretching north and to encompass the later states of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. The language of the charters was va
5、gue sponsoring Colonel George Roger Clark s 1778 expedition to Vincennes and Kalkaska, which strengthened Americas trans-Appalachian pretensions at the peace table.The six states holding no claim to the transmittance region doubted whether a confederacy in which territoiy was so unevenly apportioned
6、 would truly prove what it claimed to be, a union of equals. Already New Jersey, Delaware, Rhode Island, and Maryland were among the smallest and least populous of the states. While they levied heavy taxes to repay states war debts, their larger neighbors might retire debts out of land sale proceeds
7、. Drawn by fresh lands and low taxes, people would desert the small states for the large, leaving the former to fall into bankruptcy and eventually into political subjugation. All the states shared in the war effort, said the New Jersey legislature; how then could half of them “ be left to sink unde
8、r an enormous debt, while others are enabled, in a short period, to replace all their expenditure from the hard earnings of the whole confederacy?“ As the revolution was a common endeavor, so ought its fruits, including the western lands, to be a common property.1 With which of the following topics
9、is the passage primarily concerned?（A）A controversial public-land policy.（B） How independence from Britain was won.（C） The land holdings of Massachusetts.（D）How New Jersey developed its western land.2 According to the passage, the British granted the new American nation a western boundary at_.（A）Ohi
10、o（B） Illinois（C） the Mississippi River（D）the Appalachian Mountains3 Which states laid claim to the largest land-holdings?（A）North Carolina（B） South Carolina.（C） Virginia.（D）Georgia.4 Why does the author mention Colonel Clarks expedition?（A）To explain how one state strengthened its land claims.（B） To
11、 criticize an effort to acquire additional agricultural resources.（C） To show that many explorers searched for new land.（D）To question the validity of Virginia s claims.5 According to the passage, the smaller states tried to raise money to pay their war debts by _.（A）collecting taxes（B） exporting cr
12、ops（C） selling land（D）raising cattle5 The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even i
13、n Congress. The target is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified condition. Whether the res
14、ults will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon
15、 the amount, reliability , and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be
16、considered in this context. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person has learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively , the same advantages and short-comings as other kinds of
17、information. Whether to use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the empirical evidence concerning comparative validity , and upon such factors as cost and availability.In general, the tests work most effectively when the traits or qualities t
18、o be measured can be most precisely defined(for example, ability to do well in a particular course or training program)and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined(for example, personality or creativity). Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting c
19、omparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized.6 The essence of this article on educational tests is_.（A）These tests do not test adequately what they set out to test（B） Dont blame the test, blame the user（C） When a st
20、udent is nervous or ill, the test results are inaccurate（D）Educators are gradually losing confidence in the value of tests7 It would seem to the author that tests like College Entrance Scholastic Aptitude Test are_.（A）generally unreliable（B） generally reliable（C） meaningless（D）misleading8 The select
21、ion implies that, more often, the value of an educational test rests with _.（A）the interpretation of results（B） the test itself（C） the testee（D）the directions9 “The empirical evidence“(Para. 3)is most probably_.（A）one based on scientific ideas out of books（B） one presented by other people（C） one gui
22、ded by practical experience（D）Both A and C10 Which statement is NOT true, according to the passage about educational tests?（A）Some students “shine“ unexpectedly.（B） Predictions do not always hold true.（C） Personality tests often fail to measure the true personality.（D）The supervisor of the test must
23、 be very well trained.10 Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage , underdeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.To the professional anthropologist, there is no int
24、rinsic(内在的)superiority of one culture over another; just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy(等级制)among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, underdeveloped forms of speech in general began as a series of grunts and groans , it is a f
25、act established by the study of “backward“ languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate , and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our western l
26、anguages not in their sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages se
27、em to possess the machinery of vocabulary expansion either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward“ languages, while different from ours
28、, are often surprisingly numerous and complicated. A western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness “this“ and “that“ ; some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight,
29、 or in the past, or in the future.This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.11 The languages of uncivilized groups as compared to western languages are limited in_.
30、（A）sound patterns（B） grammatical structures（C） vocabulary（D）both B and C12 The author says that grunt-and-groan forms of speech are found_.（A）nowhere today（B） among the Australian aborigines（C） among eastern cultures（D）among people speaking “backward“ languages13 According to the author, languages,
31、whether civilized or not, have_.（A）the potential for expanding vocabulary（B） their own sound patterns（C） an ability to transfer ideas（D）grammatical structures14 The author says that professional linguists recognize that_.（A）western languages are superior to eastern languages（B） all languages come fr
32、om grunts and groans（C） the hierarchy of languages is difficult to understand（D）there is no hierarchy of languages15 Which of the following is implied in the passage?（A）The study of languages has discredited anthropological studies.（B） The study of languages has reinforced anthropologists in their v
33、iew that there is no hierarchy among cultures.（C） The study of languages is the same as the study of anthropologists.（D）The study of languages casts a new light upon the claim of anthropologists.15 Unlike the carefully weighed and planned compositions of Dante, Goethe s writings always have a sense
34、of immediacy and enthusiasm. He was a constant experimenter with life, with ideas and with forms of writing. For the same reason, his works seldom have the qualities of finish or formal beauty which distinguish the masterpieces of Dante and Virgil. He came to love the beauties of classicism, but it
35、was never an essential part of his make-up. Instead, the urgency of the moment, the spirit of the thing, guided his pen. As a result, nearly all his works have serious flaw of structure, of inconsistencies , of excesses and redundancies and extremities.In a large sense, Goethe represents the fullest
36、 development of the romanticism. It has been argued that he should not be so designated because he so clearly matured and outgrew the kind of romanticism exhibited by Wordsworth, Shelley, and Keats. Shelley and Keats died young; Wordsworth lived narrowly and abandoned his early attitudes. In contras
37、t, Goethe lived abundantly and developed his faith in the spirit, his understanding of nature and human nature, and his reliance on feelings as man s essential motivating force. The result was an all-encompassing vision of reality and a philosophy of life broader and deeper than the partial visions
38、and attitudes of other romanticists. Yet the spirit of youthfulness, the impatience with close reasoning or “logic chopping“ , and the continued faith in nature remained his to the end, together with an occasional waywardness and impulsiveness and a disregard of artistic or logical propriety, which
39、savor strongly of romantic individualism. Since so many twentieth century thoughts and attitudes are similarly based on the stimulus of the Romantic Movement. Goethe stands as particularly the poet of the modern man as Dante stood for medieval man and as Shakespeare for the man of the Renaissance.16
40、 The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_.（A）Goethe and Dante（B） The Characteristics of Romanticism（C） Goethe, the Romanticist（D）Goethe s Abundant Life17 Goethe s work shows a lack of_.（A）a vision of reality（B） repetitions（C） formal polish（D）knowledge of Shakespeare18 A characteri
41、stic of romanticism NOT mentioned in this passage is_.（A）interest in nature（B） modernity of ideas（C） youthful attitude（D）simplicity of language19 Goethe is called the poet of the modern man because_.（A）he developed his faith（B） he lived longer than Shelley and Keats（C） he presents many twentieth-cen
42、tury ideas（D）his work has serious flaws20 According to this passage, Goethe_.（A）stimulated many modern ideas（B） disliked Dante and Virgil（C） should be called a classicist（D）was illogical专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 43 答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passa
43、ge is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 从文章首句：“Political controversyabout the publicland policy of the United St
44、atesbegan with the American Revolution”可知，文章的中心是有关美国的公有土地政策的争论问题。故选 A。【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 从第二段的第一句：“At the peacenegotiations with Britain，American demanded，and got，a western boundary at the MississippiRiver”(经过和英国人和平谈判，美国人的要求西部边境线以密西西比河为界得到了满足)。因此正确答案为 C。【知识模块】 阅读理解3 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 从第二段的第四句可
45、知，是弗吉尼亚州对那片最大的土地提出了所有权的要求。因此选 C。【知识模块】 阅读理解4 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 从上下文可以推知，文中引用克拉克上校探险的事实，目的是为了强调提出土地要求的声明。故选 A。【知识模块】 阅读理解5 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 根据最后一段第三句话：“While theylevied heavy taxes to repay states war debts“可知，较小的州是靠征收重税来偿还战争债务的。they 指那些 smaller states。因此 A 为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 作者在
46、文章的第一部分清楚地讲明了测试本身只起到一个工具的作用，其价值的大小在很大程度上取决于运用者而不是测试本身。因此 B 为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解7 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 作者在第四段的前部分谈到：当要测试的特性或品质(如在某一特定的课程或培训中干得怎么样)可以给予准确的界定，那么，这种测试的可信度就高。而 College EntranceScholastic Aptitude Test 测试就属于这一种，所以它的测试结果一般来说有较高的可信度。故选 B。【知识模块】 阅读理解8 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 从第二段的第二句：“How well thepredictions w
47、ill be validated by later performancedepends upon the amount”可知，测试本身的价值在很大程度上是由对测试结果的解释来决定的。因此 A 为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解9 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 从该词组所在的第三段的最后一句可推知，其词义为“通过实际经验而获得的依据”。故选 C。【知识模块】 阅读理解10 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 由第三段的最后一句可以得知 B 项正确；由第四段的第一句和最后一句可知 C 项和 A 项正确。因此选 D。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解11 【正确答案】 C【试题解析】 由第三段
48、中间一句：“They fall behindour western languages not inbut in theirvocabularies”可知，未开化的部落的语言跟西方语言相比，其真正落后的一面不是在发音方式或语法结构上，而是在词汇方面。因此 C 为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解12 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 由第三段的第一句：“study ofbackwardlanguages that no spoken tongueanswers that description today”可知，只会发哼哼声或呻吟声的语言如今已不复存在。故选 A。【知识模块】 阅读理解13 【正确答
49、案】 A【试题解析】 由第三段中：“All languages seem topossess the machinery of vocabulary expansion”可知，任何语言都有扩大词汇的能力。因此 A 为正确答案。【知识模块】 阅读理解14 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 从第二段的后半句：“just as to theprofessional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchyamong languages”可知，专业语言学家认为语言之间无等级之分。故选 D。【知识模块】 阅读理解15 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 通读全文尤其是最后一段：“allcultures are to be viewed independently，andwithout ideas of rank or hierarchy”可知，文章主要是为了阐明语言学家对语言没有等级之分的研究，其目的是为了进一步阐述人类学家的观点，即不同文化之间无等级之分。因此正确答案为 B。【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解16 【正确答案】
