1、专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 110 及答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on t
2、he Answer Sheet.0 A computer is a machine designed to perform work mathematically and to store and select information that has been fed into it. It is run by either mechanical or electronic means. These machines can do a great deal of complicated work in a very short time. A large computer, for exam
3、ple, can add or subtract nine thousand times a second, multiply a thousand times a second, or divide five hundred times a second. Its percentage of error is about one in a billion digits. It has been estimated that human beings making calculations average about one mistake per two hundred digits.The
4、 heart of an electronic computer lies in its vacuum tubes, or transistors. Its electronic circuits work a thousand times faster than the nerve cells in the human brain. A problem that might take a human being two tears to solve can be solved by a computer in one minute, but in order to work properly
5、, a computer must be given instructionsit must be programmed.Computers can be designed for many specialized purposesthey can be used to prepare payrolls, guide airplane flights, direct traffic, even play chess. Computers play an essential role in modern automation in many plants and factories throug
6、hout the world.1 A computer is a machine designed to_.（A）perform work mathematically（B） perform complicated calculations（C） store and select information（D）all of the above2 The selection calls the vacuum tubes the electronic computer s_.（A）nerve cells（B） brain（C） nervous system（D）heart3 The selectio
7、n says that computers play an essential roles in_.（A）automation processes（B） mathematical computations（C） traffic control（D）the development of mathematical theory4 The use of computers for specialized purposes depends on the_.（A）design of computer（B） power used to operate the computer（C） difficulty
8、of the mathematical calculations involved（D）the ability of the programmer5 The selection implies that human beings differ from computers in that human beings_.（A）make fewer errors（B） do not have to be programmed（C） work more quickly（D）understand their instructions5 The “balance of nature“ is not an
9、empty phrase. Nature provides a population to occupy a suitable environment and cuts down surplus population to fit the available food supply. One means of reducing surplus population is predators (食肉动物); others are parasites (寄生虫) and diseases. Also, population density produces nervous disorders an
10、d even drives animals to mass migrations, like the lemmings (旅鼠) of Norway who plunge into(跳人) the sea.That predators populations increase to control other animals has long been known. Many years ago, the Hudsons Bay Company records revealed that the fox population went up and down about a year afte
11、r the rabbit population had gone up and down.Sometimes a situation occurs in which the predators population is reduced to a level below that which nature can readily replace. On Valcour Island in Lake Champlain (New York) , a costly campaign resulted in the elimination of predatory animals only to h
12、ave birds and small animalsincluding grouse (松鸡) and hares, popular game(猎物)increase for four years afterward. Then lacking predator control, nature resorted to diseases to cut down these populations.Jamaica had an example of natures persistence in providing animals for existing habits. Sugar plante
13、rs, about 75 years ago, imported mongooses to control rats. The mongooses killed off the rats and, with plentiful food, multiplied. Rats became scarce and the mongooses ate lambs, kids, puppies(小狗) , and wildlife. Eventually, food became scarce and the mongooses population declined.6 According to th
14、e article, the phrase “balance of nature“ means_.（A）the relation of wildlife to man（B） the adequacy of the food supply to support its animal population（C） the ratio of small game to predators（D）the destruction of predators7 The effect of predator control over other animal populations_.（A）has just be
15、en learned（B） is not recent knowledge（C） is not important now（D）was learned in Norway8 When predators control is not available, nature brings animal population into balance by resorting to_.（A）hunters（B） diseases（C） storms and flood（D）forest fires9 When the mongooses in Jamaica killed off the rats,
16、they_.（A）quickly died for lack of food（B） attacked humans（C） became problems themselves（D）ate the sugar crop10 Implied but not stated; _.（A）Sugar planters imported mongooses to control rats（B） Man should never tamper(损害) with nature（C） To upset the balance of nature can be troublesome（D）Man has comp
17、lete control over nature10 In spite of the strong opposition to new and strict environmental laws, however, it is still possible to attack the problem of chemical pollution; but we must attack it from three directions. First, we need more independent research into the effects of chemicals by scienti
18、sts who are not paid by the government or by large industrial companies. Second, scientists need to educate the general public and inform them about the dangers of chemicals in the environment. If the public knows that a certain chemical threatens the health of their children, then it will put press
19、ure on politicians, in local and national government. If the politician want to remain in office, they will take action to correct the long-term economic costs of chemicals. It will be extremely expensive to clean areas of land which are contaminated (污染) by chemicals; it will be even more costly to
20、 give medical treatment to people who are suffering from serious illnesses after exposure to dangerous chemicals. If governments realize this, the short-term economic benefits of chemicals will seem much less attractive to them.If we can put pressure on governments in these three ways, perhaps they
21、will begin to behave more responsibly. They will perhaps pass new laws against pollution and enforce them strictly. Perhaps, then, the chemical producers will begin to behave more responsibly.11 Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?（A）The Environment in Danger（B） The Proble
22、m of Chemical Pollution（C） New and Strict Environmental Laws（D）Possible Solutions to Chemical Pollution12 Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the passage?（A）Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.（B） A procedure is explained and its importance is emphasized
23、.（C） A general statement is given and possible ways are presented.（D）Recent scientific advancements are outlined in order of importance.13 Which of the following is true of the governments mentioned in the passage?（A）They are already behaving in an extremely responsible way.（B） They do not believe t
24、hat it is possible to solve the chemical pollution.（C） They think chemicals do little harm to the health of humans.（D）They are unwilling to stop the use of certain chemicals.14 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?（A）The economy is more important to governments than the peoples he
25、alth is.（B） Governments think chemicals bring them more economic pollution.（C） The public knows enough about the dangers of chemical pollution.（D）The governments fully realize the long-term economic costs of chemical pollution.15 According to the passage, what will happen if the governments stop the
26、 use of some chemicals?（A）The economy of the countries will suffer.（B） Unemployment in the countries will grow.（C） Some people and scientists will criticize them.（D）The chemical producers will strongly protest.15 Believe it or not, optical illusion can cut highway crashes.Japan is a case in point. I
27、t has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by nearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion. Bent stripes, called chevrons, painted on the roads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are, and thus drivers slow down.Now the American Automobile Association Foundation
28、 for Traffic Safety in Washington D. C. is planning to repeat Japans success. Starting next year, the foundation will paint chevrons and other patterns of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway crashes.Excessive speed plays a major role in as much a
29、s one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation. To help reduce those accidents, the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards are the greatestcurves, exit slopes, traffic circles, and bridges.Some studies suggest that straight, horizontal bars pa
30、inted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half. However, traffic often returns to full speed within months as drivers become used to seeing the painted bars.Chevrons, scientists say, not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they really are but
31、 also make a lane appear to be narrower. The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.16 The passage mainly discusses_.（A）a new way of highway speed control（B） a new pattern for painting highways（C） a new approach to training drivers（D）a new type of o
32、ptical illusion17 On roads painted with chevrons, drivers tend to feel that_.（A）they should avoid speed-related hazards（B） they are driving in the wrong lane（C） they should slow down their speed（D）they are approaching the speed limit18 The advantage of chevrons over straight, horizontal bars is that
33、 the former_.（A）can keep drivers awake（B） can cut road accidents in half（C） will have a longer effect on drivers（D）will look more attractive19 The American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety plans to_.（A）try out the Japanese method in certain areas（B） change the road signs across t
34、he country（C） replace straight, horizontal bars with chevrons（D）repeat the Japanese road patterns20 What does the author say about straight, horizontal bars painted across roads?（A）They are falling out of use in the United States.（B） They tend to be ignored by drivers in a short period of time.（C） T
35、hey are applicable only on broad roads.（D）They cannot be applied successfully to traffic circles.20 A breakthrough (突破 ) in the provision of energy from the sun for the European Economic Community (EEC) could be brought forward by up to two decades, if a modest increase could be provided in the EEC
36、s research effort in this field, according to the senior EEC scientists engaged in experiments in solar energy at EEC s scientific laboratories at Ispra, near Milan.The senior West German scientist in charge of the Communitys solar energy program, Mr. Joachim Gretz, told journalists that at present
37、levels of research spending it was most unlikely that solar energy would provide as much as three percent of the Communitys energy requirements even after the year 2000. But he said that with a modest increase in the present sums, devoted by the EEC to this work it was possible that the breakthrough
38、 could be achieved by the end of the next decade.Mr. Gretz calculates that if solar energy only provided three percent of the EECs needs, this could still produce a saving of about a billion pounds in the present bill for imported energy each year. And he believes that with the possibility of utiliz
39、ing more advanced technology in this field it might be possible to satisfy a much bigger share of the Community s future energy needs.At present the EEC spends about 2. 6 millions a year on solar research at Ispra, one of the EECs official joint research centers, and another 3 millions a year in ind
40、irect research with universities and other independent bodies.21 The phrase “be brought forward“ in Line 2 most probably means_.（A）be expected（B） be completed（C） be advanced（D）be introduced22 Some scientists believe that a breakthrough in the use of solar energy depends on_.（A）sufficient funding（B）
41、further experiments（C） advanced technology（D）well-equipped laboratories23 According to Mr. Gretz, the present sum of money will enable the scientists to provide_.（A）a little more than 3% of the EECs needs after the year 2000（B） 3% of the EECs needs before the year 2000（C） less than 3% of the EECs ne
42、eds before the year 2000（D）only 3% of the EECs needs even after the year 200024 Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?（A）The EEC spends one billion pounds on imported energy each year.（B） At the present level of research spending, it is difficult to make any significant progres
43、s in the provision of energy from the sun.（C） The desired breakthrough could be obtained by the end of the next decade if investment were increased.（D）The total yearly spending of the EEC on solar energy research amounted to almost 6 million dollars.25 The application of advanced technology to resea
44、rch in solar energy_.（A）would lead to a big increase in research funding（B） would make it unnecessary to import oil（C） would make it possible to meet the future energy needs of the EEC（D）would provide a much greater proportion of the Communitys future energy needs专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 110 答案与解析一、Part III Re
45、ading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.【知识模块】 阅读理解1 【正确答案】 D
46、【试题解析】 由文章第一段第一句“A computer is a machine designed to perform work mathematically and to store and select information that has been fed into it”及后面的“These machines can do a great deal of complicated work in a very short time”可知 D 项正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解2 【正确答案】 D【试题解析】 文章第二段第一句说到“The heart of an electronic c
47、omputer lies in its vacuum tubes”，故选 D。【知识模块】 阅读理解3 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 文章第三段最后一句说到“Computers play an essential role in modern automation in many plants and factories throughout the world”其中“in modern automation”与 A 选项对应。【知识模块】 阅读理解4 【正确答案】 A【试题解析】 文章第三段第一句话说到“Computers can be designed for many specializ
48、ed purposesthey can be used to prepare payrolls，guide airplane flights，direct traffic，even play chess”可推知电脑可以被设计用于不同的目的，因此正确答案为 A。 【知识模块】 阅读理解5 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 文章第二段最后一句说到“a computer must be given instructionsit must be programmed”这是计算机和人的不同之处，故选 B。 【知识模块】 阅读理解【知识模块】 阅读理解6 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 the balance
49、of nature 的意思在文中第一段第二句便作了解释：Nature provides a population to occupy a suitable environment and cuts down surplus population to fit the available food supply故 B 正确。【知识模块】 阅读理解7 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 第二段中第一句说到“That predators populations increase to control other animals has long been known”这里的 long been known 意为“很久以来便知道的”。即是选项 B 的意思。【知识模块】 阅读理解8 【正确答案】 B【试题解析】 文章第三段的最后一句说到“Then lacking predator control， nature resorted to diseases to cut down these populations”而且在文中的第一
