1、专升本英语（阅读）模拟试卷 84 及答案与解析一、Part III Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part there are four passages. Each passage is followed by a number of comprehension questions. Read the passages and choose the best answer to each question. Then, mark your answer by blackening the corresponding letter on th
2、e Answer Sheet.0 The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying, assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. The targe
3、t is wrong, for in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools, with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified condition. Whether the results will be valuable
4、, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliabil
5、ity, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this con
6、text. They provide a quick, objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person has learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and short-comings as other kinds of information. Whether to
7、 use tests, other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the empirical evidence concerning comparative validity, and upon such factors as cost and availability.In general, the tests work most effectively when the traits or qualities to be measured can be mos
8、t precisely defined (for example, ability to do well in a particular course or training program) and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted cannot be well defined (for example, personality or creativity). Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information
9、 about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized.1 The essence of this article on educational tests is_.（A）These tests do not test adequately what they set out to test（B） Dont blame the test, blame the user（C） When a student is nervous or i
10、ll, the test results are inaccurate（D）Educators are gradually losing confidence in the value of tests2 It would seem to the author that tests like College Entrance Scholastic Aptitude Test are_.（A）generally unreliable（B） generally reliable（C） meaningless（D）misleading3 The selection implies that, mor
11、e often, the value of an educational test rests with _.（A）the interpretation of results（B） the test itself（C） the testee（D）the directions4 “The empirical evidence“ (Para. 3) is most probably_.（A）one based on scientific ideas out of books（B） one presented by other people（C） one guided by practical ex
12、perience（D）Both A and C5 Which statement is NOT true, according to the passage about educational tests?（A）Some students “shine“ unexpectedly.（B） Predictions do not always hold true.（C） Personality tests often fail to measure the true personality.（D）The supervisor of the test must be very well traine
13、d.5 Culture is the sum total of all the traditions, customs, beliefs and ways of life of a given group of human beings. In this sense, every group has a culture, however savage, underdeveloped, or uncivilized it may seem to us.To the professional anthropologist, there is no intrinsic (内在的) superiori
14、ty of one culture over another; just as to the professional linguist there is no intrinsic hierarchy (等级制) among languages.People once thought of the languages of backward groups as savage, underdeveloped forms of speech in general began as a series of grunts and groans, it is a fact established by
15、the study of “backward“ languages that no spoken tongue answers that description today. Most languages of uncivilized groups are, by our most severe standards, extremely complex, delicate, and ingenious pieces of machinery for the transfer of ideas. They fall behind our western languages not in thei
16、r sound patterns or grammatical structures, which usually are fully adequate for all language needs, but only in their vocabularies, which reflect the objects and activities known to their speakers. Even in this department, however, two things are to be noted: 1. All languages seem to possess the ma
17、chinery of vocabulary expansion either by putting together words already in existence or by borrowing them from other languages and adapting them to their own system. 2. The objects and activities requiring names and distinctions in “backward“ languages, while different from ours, are often surprisi
18、ngly numerous and complicated. A western language distinguishes merely between two degrees of remoteness “this“ and “that“ ; some languages of the American Indians distinguish between what is close to the speaker, or to the person addressed, or removed from both, or out of sight, or in the past, or
19、in the future.This study of language, in turn, casts a new light upon the claim of the anthropologists that all cultures are to be viewed independently, and without ideas of rank or hierarchy.6 The languages of uncivilized groups as compared to western languages are limited in_.（A）sound patterns（B）
20、grammatical structures（C） vocabulary（D）both B and C7 The author says that grunt-and-groan forms of speech are found_.（A）nowhere today（B） among the Australian aborigines（C） among eastern cultures（D）among people speaking “backward“ languages8 According to the author, languages, whether civilized or no
21、t, have_.（A）the potential for expanding vocabulary（B） their own sound patterns（C） an ability to transfer ideas（D）grammatical structures9 The author says that professional linguists recognize that_.（A）western languages are superior to eastern languages（B） all languages come from grunts and groans（C）
22、the hierarchy of languages is difficult to understand（D）there is no hierarchy of languages10 Which of the following is implied in the passage?（A）The study of languages has discredited anthropological studies.（B） The study of languages has reinforced anthropologists in their view that there is no hie
23、rarchy among cultures.（C） The study of languages is the same as the study of anthropologists.（D）The study of languages casts a new light upon the claim of anthropologists.10 Unlike the carefully weighed and planned compositions of Dante, Goethes writings always have a sense of immediacy and enthusia
24、sm. He was a constant experimenter with life, with ideas and with forms of writing. For the same reason, his works seldom have the qualities of finish or formal beauty which distinguish the masterpieces of Dante and Virgil. He came to love the beauties of classicism, but it was never an essential pa
25、rt of his make-up. Instead, the urgency of the moment, the spirit of the thing, guided his pen. As a result, nearly all his works have serious flaw of structure, of inconsistencies, of excesses and redundancies and extremities.In a large sense, Goethe represents the fullest development of the romant
26、icism. It has been argued that he should not be so designated because he so clearly matured and outgrew the kind of romanticism exhibited by Wordsworth, Shelley, and Keats. Shelley and Keats died young; Wordsworth lived narrowly and abandoned his early attitudes. In contrast, Goethe lived abundantly
27、 and developed his faith in the spirit, his understanding of nature and human nature, and his reliance on feelings as mans essential motivating force. The result was an all-encompassing vision of reality and a philosophy of life broader and deeper than the partial visions and attitudes of other roma
28、nticists. Yet the spirit of youthfulness, the impatience with close reasoning or “logic chopping“ , and the continued faith in nature remained his to the end, together with an occasional waywardness1 and impulsiveness and a disregard of artistic or logical propriety, which savor strongly of romantic
29、 individualism. Since so many twentieth century thoughts and attitudes are similarly based on the stimulus of the Romantic Movement. Goethe stands as particularly the poet of the modern man as Dante stood for medieval man and as Shakespeare for the man of the Renaissance.11 The title that best expre
30、sses the ideas of this passage is_.（A）Goethe and Dante（B） The Characteristics of Romanticism（C） Goethe, the Romanticist（D）Goethes Abundant Life12 Goethes work shows a lack of_.（A）a vision of reality（B） repetitions（C） formal polish（D）knowledge of Shakespeare13 A characteristic of romanticism NOT ment
31、ioned in this passage is_.（A）interest in nature（B） modernity of ideas（C） youthful attitude（D）simplicity of language14 Goethe is called the poet of the modern man because_.（A）he developed his faith（B） he lived longer than Shelley and Keats（C） he presents many twentieth-century ideas（D）his work has se
32、rious flaws15 According to this passage, Goethe_.（A）stimulated many modern ideas（B） disliked Dante and Virgil（C） should be called a classicist（D）was illogical15 There is no doubt that adults, and even highly educated adults, vary greatly in the speed and efficiency of their reading. Some proceed ver
33、y slowly throughout; others dash along too quickly and then have to regress. Poor readers in particular may lack the ability to vary their manner of reading according to the type of reading matter and to their intentions in reading it. A good reader can move at great speed through the text of a nove
34、l or similar light reading matter. He may be able to skim a page, picking up a word or two here and there, and gain a general idea of what the text is about without really reading it. In reading more difficult material, with the intention of taking in the whole of it, he will proceed more slowly, bu
35、t even then he will vary his pace, concentrating on the key words and passages, perhaps re-reading them several times and pass more quickly over the remainder. A less efficient reader tends to maintain the same speed whatever the material he reads. Consequently, even light reading matter gives him l
36、ittle pleasure because he reads so slowly. But this pace may be too fast for really difficult material, which requires special concentration at difficult points.A type of reading which necessitates careful attention to detail is proof-reading, in which the reader, in order to detect misprints in a s
37、ample print, has to notice not so much the meaning of what he reads as the exact shape and order of letters and words in the text. This is extremely difficult for most people, since they are accustomed to overlooking such details. In fact, considerable practice is required to practise this task effi
38、ciently and it can be done only be reading very slowly, and by paying comparatively little attention to the general meaning of the text.16 The author claims that there is a difference in reading speed_.（A）among readers who have different experience（B） among all the readers（C） between the poorly educ
39、ated and the highly educated（D）among the highly educated people17 A good reader is a reader who_.（A）concentrates on the wonderful part of the article（B） always reads slowly and carefully（C） changes his speed according to the kind of text（D）changes his speed according to the interesting of the text18
40、 The author says that when reading a novel, a good reader can quickly read_.（A）every part of the book（B） the most wonderful part in the book（C） the major part in the book（D）the scientific part of the book19 The last two sentences of the first paragraph mean that_.（A）a reading speed too slow for a di
41、fficult book is just right for a non-serious one（B） a reading speed too slow for a non-serious book may be too fast for a difficult one（C） a reading speed too fast for difficult material is just right for a non-serious book is also too slow for a difficult one（D）a reading speed too slow for a non-se
42、rious book is also too slow for a difficult one20 Which of the following can be the title of the passage?（A）Reading and listening.（B） Difference between highly educated and poorly educated.（C） Practice reading skill.（D）Difference in the speed and efficiency of reading.20 Central Park, emerging from
43、a period of abuse and neglect, remains one of the most popular attractions in New York City, with half a million out-of-towners among the more than 3 million people who visit the park yearly. About 15 million individual visits are made each year.Summer is the season for softball, concerts, and Shake
44、speare; fall is stunning; winter is wonderful for sledding, skating, and skiing; and spring-time is the loveliest of all. It was all planned that way.About 130 years ago Frederic Law Olmsted and his collaborator Calvert Vaux submitted their landscaping plan for rectangular parcel two miles north of
45、the towns center. The barren swampy tract, home for squatters and a bone-boiling works that made glue, was reported as “a pestilential spot where miasmic odors taint every breath of air“. It took 16 years for workers with pickaxes and shovels to move 5 million cubic feet of earth and rock, and to pl
46、ant half a million trees and shrubs , making a tribute to naturea romantic nineteenth-century perception of nature.What exists today is essentially Olmsted and Vauxs plan, with more trees, buildings, and asphalt. Landscape architects still speak reverently of Olmsteds genius and foresight, and the s
47、ensitive visitor can see the effects he sought.21 With what subject is the passage mainly concerned?（A）The lives of Olmsted and Vaux.（B） New York Citys tourist industry.（C） Examples of nineteenth-century art in New York City.（D）The development of Central Park.22 According to the passage, which is th
48、e prettiest time of year in Central Park?（A）Winter.（B） Spring.（C） Summer.（D）Fall.23 It can be inferred that the “rectangular parcel“ mentioned in Para. 3 is_.（A）the site of Central Park（B） the gift presented to New York（C） a skyscraper in New York（D）the proposed design for Central Park24 According t
49、o the passage, before Olmsted and Vaux began their work, the area now occupied by Central Park was_.（A）a romantic place（B） an infertile, marshy space（C） a green and hilly park（D）a baseball field25 It can be inferred from the passage that todays landscape architects praise Olmsted for his _.（A）enthusiasm for sport（B） skill at designing factories（C） concern for New Yorks homeless people（D）foresight in anticipating New Yorks urbanization专
