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专题一 动量守恒定律及其应用,【体系构建】,【核心速填】 1.冲量: (1)定义:_和_的乘积叫作力的冲量。 (2)公式:_。 (3)单位:_,符号:_。 (4)方向:冲量是矢量,方向是由_的方向决定的。,力,力的作用时间,I=F(t-t),牛顿秒,Ns,力,2.动量: (1)定义:物体的_和_的乘积叫作动量。 (2)公式:_。 (3)单位:_,符号_。 (4)方向:动量是矢量,它的方向与_的方向相同。,质量,速度,p=mv,千克米每秒,kgm/s,速度,3.动量定理: (1)物体在一个过程始末的_等于它在这个 过程中所受力的_。这个关系叫作动量定理。 (2)表达式:_或_。,动量变化量,冲量,mv-mv=F(t-t),p-p=I,4.动量守恒定律: (1)动量守恒定律的内容:如果一个系统_或者 _,这个系统的_保持不变, 这个结论叫作动量守恒定律。 (2)常用的表达形式:_。 (3)适用条件:系统不受_或者所受_之和为 零。,不受外力,所受外力的矢量和为0,总动量,m1v1+m2v2=m1v1+m2v2,外力,外力,5.碰撞: (1)按照机械能是否守恒,碰撞可分为_碰撞和 _碰撞。 (2)按照碰撞前后物体的动量是否在同一条直线上,碰 撞可分为_碰撞和_碰撞。,弹性,非弹性,对心,非对心,

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