1、Unit 7 International charities,被动语态的一般现在时和一般过去时 语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语和谓语之间的关系。英语中的语态有两种:主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。一般情况下,两种语态之间可以相互转换。例如: We clean the classroom every day.我们每天都打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned ( by us ) every day.教室每天都( 被我们 )打扫。 1.被动语态的基本构成: ( 1 )一般现在时:主语( 动作的承受者 )+am/is/a
2、re+及物动词的过去分词( +by+动作的执行者 )。例如: The glass is broken ( by the naughty boy ).这个玻璃杯被( 那个调皮的男孩 )打破了。 ( 2 )一般过去时:主语( 动作的承受者 )+was/were+及物动词的过去分词( +by+动作的执行者 )。例如: He was not invited to the party last night.昨天晚上他没有被邀请参加聚会。,2.被动语态的基本用法: ( 1 )动作的执行者是泛指或不言自明时。例如: Nowadays,English is spoken in many countries.现
3、在,许多国家( 的人们 )都讲英语。 ( 2 )不知道动作的执行者是谁时。例如: The dress was stolen from the hotel room.裙子在酒店里被偷走了。 ( 3 )需要强调动作的承受者时。例如: My radio was repaired.我的收音机被修好了。 ( 4 )出于委婉或礼貌而避谈动作的执行者时。例如: This problem was talked about just now.这个问题刚才被讨论过。 ( 5 )在被动语态的句子中,如果我们需要指出动作的执行者,可以由by引出。例如: Brazil was beaten by France in t
4、he final.在总决赛中,巴西队被法国队打败了。,3.注意: ( 1 )有些动词,其主动语态形式含有被动意义,如smell,taste,sound,feel等。还有些不及物动词,常用主动语态,和well、easily等副词连用时,含有被动意义。例如: The song sounds very nice.这首歌很好听。 This new book sells well.这本新书卖得很好。 ( 2 )主动语态中,感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,但变为被动语态时,须加上to。例如: He made the boy do heavy work. The boy was made to
5、do heavy work by him.他让这个男孩做繁重的工作。 ( 3 )接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,若直接宾语( 物 )作主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词由与其搭配的动词决定。例如: He gave me a book. A book was given to me by him.他给了我一本书。,.单项填空 ( A )1.Chinese by more and more people around the world. A.is spoken B.spoke C.are spoken D.speaks ( B )2.Smart phones in the classroom. A
6、arent allowing B.arent allowed C.allow D.is allowed ( C )3.Mum,where is my model plane? Oh,it to Jenny yesterday. A.is lent B.lends C.was lent D.lent,( C )4.When the telephone ? In 1876. A.is;invented B.did;invent C.was;invented D.does;invent ( D )5.Wow!Your hat looks so beautiful. It by my aunt la
7、st Friday.She is working in China. A.has bought B.had bought C.is bought D.was bought,.按要求完成句子,每空一词 1.My mother waters flowers every day.( 改为被动语态 ) Flowers are watered by my mother every day. 2.Many foreigners know the Great Wall.( 改为被动语态 ) The Great Wall is known to many foreigners. 3.Was the print
8、er used to put your words onto paper by you?( 改为主动语态 )Did you use the printer to put your words onto paper? 4.The princess was caught by an evil witch.( 改为主动语态 ) An evil witch caught the princess. 5.The teacher made the students copy the text.( 改为被动语态 ) The students were made to copy the text by the teacher.,
