1、1八年级(上) Units 910中考基础知识梳理类别 课标考点要求词汇攻关1.prepare(v.)_preparation_( n.)准备；准备工作2.invite(v.)_invitation_( n.)邀请；请柬3.accept(v.)_refuse_(反义词)拒绝4.with(prep.)_without_(反义词)没有；不(做某事)5.surprise(v.& n)_surprising_( adj.)令人惊奇的_surprised_( adj.)惊奇的；感觉意外的6.open(v.)_opening_( n.)开幕式；落成典礼_close_(反义词)关闭7.advice(n.)_
2、advise_( v.)劝告；建议8.normal(adj.)_normally_( adv.)正常地；一般地9.certain(adj.)_certainly_( adv.)无疑；肯定；当然；行10.understand(v.)_understanding_( adj.)善解人意的；体谅人的_understood_(过去式/过去分词)理解；领会11.hang(v.)_hung_(过去式/过去分词)悬挂；垂下12.catch(v.)_caught_(过去式/过去分词)及时赶上；接住；抓住13.weekday(n.)_weekend_(对应词)周末14.sad(adj.)_sadness_( n
3、.)悲伤；悲哀15.organize(v.)_organization_( n.)组织，团体短语归纳1.为做准备_prepare_for_2.其他时间；别的时间_another_time_3.闲逛；常去某处_hang_out_4.前天_the_day_before_yesterday_5.后天_the_day_after_tomorrow_6.照料；照顾_look_after_7.拒绝_turn_down_8.去旅行_take_a_trip_9.盼望；期待_look_forward_to_10.保守秘密_keepto_oneself_11.分成两半_in_half_12.去看医生_g o_to
4、_the/a_doctor_13.患流感_have_the_flu_14.以书面形式回复_reply_in_writing_to_15.去看电影 _go_to_the_movies_16.骑自行车兜风 _go_bike_riding_ 17.(帮助)分担工作、解决难题 _help_out_ 18.在末端/结尾 _at_the_end_of_ 19.接到(某人的)信、电话等 _hear_from_ 20.玩得开心 _have_a_great_time_ 21.环游世界 _travel_around_the_world_ 22.让某人做某事 _ask_sb.to_do_sth._ 23.受教育 _
5、get_an_education_ 24.害怕做某事；不敢做某事 _be_afraid_to_do_sth._25.炸土豆片；炸薯条 _potato_chips_26.逃跑 _run_away_27.犯错误 _make_mistakes_2句型再现( 含情景交际) 1.(发出邀请)“星期六下午你能来参加我的聚会吗？”“当然了，非常乐意。”_Can_you_come_to_ my party on Saturday afternoon？Sure，_Id_love_to_.2.真抱歉，我没有空。Im sorry.Im _not_available_.3.萨姆要一直待到下周三才走。Sam _isnt
6、_leaving_until_ next Wednesday.4.事先不通知斯蒂恩老师，把她带到聚会上来，以便让她感到惊喜。Bring Ms.Steen to the party _without_telling_her_ so that she can be _surprised_.5.我盼望你们的答复。I _look_forward_to_hearing_from_ you all.6.希望你能参加(聚会)！Hope you can _make_it_！7.(谈论结果)“如果他们今天聚会，会发生什么事？”“如果他们今天聚会，班上有一半的人将不会来。”_What_will_happen_ i
7、f they have the party today？If they have it today，_half_ the class wont come.8.(表达请求)能给我一些建议吗？Can you _give_me_some_advice_？9.如果我们不和别人说一说，我们当然会感到更糟糕。_Unless_we_talk_to_someone_，well certainly feel worse.10.他认为第一步就是找个信任的人去倾诉。He thinks the first step is _to_find_someone_you_trust_to_talk_to_.11.在英语中，我
8、们说与人分担一个烦恼就像把麻烦分成两半。In English，we say that _sharing_a_problem_ is like _cutting_it_in_half_.12.因此，只要跟别人聊聊这个问题，你就已经解决了问题的一半！So youre _halfway_to_solving_ a problem just by talking to someone about it！13.谢谢你的邀请。 _Thanks_for_asking_.14.我愿意来的，但是恐怕不行。 _Id_love_ to come，but _Im_afraid_I_cant_.15.学生们正在讨论何时
9、举行班级派对。The students are talking about _when_to_have_ a class party.16.最好不要逃避我们的问题。 _It_is_best_ not _to_ run away from our problems.语法 1.情态动词(can，might，should)(详见第二编P120)2.if引导的条件状语从句(详见第二编P143)话题 Unit 9 Invitations(邀请)Unit 10 Decision making(做决定)贵阳中考重难点突破until的用法(教材八上P66)【满分点拨】until用于肯定句，意为“直到”，谓语动
10、词应为延续性动词，强调主句的动作才结束；用于否定句，构成“notuntil”结构，意为“直到才”，谓语动词一般为终止性动词， 强调主句的动作才开始。(该3句型在形式上是否定的，但却表达的是肯定含义)。如：She studies until 12：00 every night.她每天晚上学习到12点。(强调直到12点学习才结束)She didnt go to bed until 12：00 last night.昨天晚上她直到12点才睡觉。(强调直到12点才开始睡觉)【温馨提示】当until引导时间状语从句时，从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时；用一般过去时代替过去将来时。1有些学生直到考试来临
11、，才开始学习。Some students _wont_ study _until_ the tests come.2昨晚我们等到大雨停了。Last night we _waited_ _until_ the heavy rain stopped.( A )3.(2018武威中考改编)Never put off _ tomorrow what you can do today.Auntil Bbefore Cwheninvite的用法(教材八上P67)【满分点拨】invite为动词，意为“邀请，恳请”，常见搭配有：invite sb.to场合(如party，concert等)invite sb.
12、to地点(如house，park等)invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事Jim invited me to his house.吉姆邀请我去他家。Ill invite Lily to have dinner with me.我将邀请莉莉和我共进晚餐。【归纳拓展】派生词：invitation ( n.)邀请。如：Thanks for your invitation.谢谢你的邀请。1Mary，thanks for _inviting_(invite) me to your wedding(婚礼)Wish you happy forever.2Yesterday，Lily rece
13、ived an _invitation_(invite) from Lucy to come for dinner.3I wont go t o the party unless Im _invited_(invite)( C )4.(2018天津中考改编)Harry invited me _ with him when his parents were out of town.Astay BstayingCto stay辨析accept与receive(教材八上P67)【满分点拨】词汇 词义及用法accept “接受”，主观上愿意接受receive “收到”，客观上收到或拿到，但主观上不一定
14、会接受【一言辨异】I received his gift yesterday，but I dont want to accept it.昨天我收到了他的礼物，但是我不想接受它。accept，receive1I dont know if I should _accept_ his invitation.2The champions of the Olympics can always _receive_ a warm welcome when they return 4to the homeland.( C )3.(2019预测)Could you please go to the movies
15、 with me tonight?Id love to，but Ive _ Peters invitation to a party.Aordered BreceivedCaccepted辨析reply与answer(教材八上P69)【满分点拨】词汇 词义及用法replyreply的用法比较正式，多用于对问题作出解释、辩论或陈述性回答。作名词，意为“的答复”；作动词，意为“答复”，均需要与介词to连用answeranswer为一般用语，主要用于对问题、职责等的回答，可直接接宾语，也可表示对电话、敲门等动作作出的应答。作动词，意为“回答”；作名词，意为“答案”，the answer to意为“的
16、答案”answer，reply1She sent me an email in_reply_2The telephone is ringing.Could you please _answer_ the phone for me?hear的用法(教材八上P69)【满分点拨】短语及用法 含义 例句hear宾语宾补(do/doing) 听到I hear a girl singing.我听到一个女孩在唱歌。hear宾语从句 听说I heard that this medicine could cure cancer.我听说这药能治愈癌症。hear of sth./sb. 听说某人/某物 Have y
17、ou ever heard of the Great Wall？你曾听说过长城吗？hear from sb. 接到某人的信、电话等 I heard from my father last week.我上周收到我爸爸的来信。hear，hear of，hear from1Its a great pleasure to _hear_from_ you.2Have you _heard_ of_ Jeremy Lin，a ChineseAmerican basketball player in NBA?3I _hea r_ that Jim will join the army after gradu
18、ation.( C )4.(热点人物题)Have you _ Danzengnima(旦增尼玛)？He just won the champion of Sing！ China 2018(中国好声音2018)A heard B heard from C heard ofadvice的用法(教材八上P75)【满分点拨】(1)advice意为“劝告；建议”，是不可数名词，无复数形式，也不能直接与不定冠词连用。(2)表达数量时要借助于量词：a/数词piece(s) of“一条/几条建议”，如：a piece of advice 一条建议two pieces of advice 两条建议【归纳拓展】5
19、ask sb.for advice向某人征求意见give sb.advice on sth.就某事向某人提建议take ones advice听取某人的建议1(贵阳人文信息题)The mayor(市长) of Guiyang came up with some useful _advice_(advice) on how to build a more beautiful city.( B )2.Your_ is very helpful.I guess Il l take it.Asecret Badvice Cpromiseunless的用法(教材八上P77)【满分点拨】(1)unless
20、作连词，意为“除非；如果不”；引导条件状语从句，表达否定意义。(2)unless引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。【温馨提示】unless可与if引导的否定的条件状语从句进行同义句转换，即unlessifnot。如：Well go hiking unless it rains tomorrow.Well go hiking if it doesnt rain tomorrow.如果明天不下雨，我们将去远足。( B )1.(2018重庆中考B卷改编 )Lots of people exercise every morning _ bad weather stops them
21、.Aif Bunless Cuntil2(社会热点题)The last drop of water will be our tears unless we save water.(改为同义句)_If_ we _dont_ save water，the last drop of water will be our tears.prepare for为做准备 (教材八上P65)【满分点拨】(1)prepare既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词，其常见用法如下：(2)辨析prepare for与be ready for词组 用法 例句prepare for 强调动作，常用于进行时，表示正 在准备Im
22、preparing for the math test.我正在为这次数学测试做准备。be ready for 强调状态，表示已经准备好Im ready for the math test.我为这次数学测试做好了准备。( C )1.(新信息题)Liu Shiwen(刘诗雯) is preparing _ the 2018 ITTF World Tour.Ain Bon Cfor2I am preparing_to_cook_(cook) dinner.3我为这次英语演讲比赛做好了准备。I _am_ _ready_ _for_ the English speech contest.6随堂知识巩固一
23、、单项选择。( A )1.(原创题)Yu Guangzhong lived and worked in Ta iwan _ his death.【考点】Auntil Bwhen Cafter( C )2.(2018扬州中考改编)I offered Sandy a helping hand.However，she _ it.Maybe she can manage herself.Areceived Breturned Crefused( B )3.(2018宜宾中考)We all look forward to _ you again soon.Asee Bseeing Cseen( B )4
24、.(2018孝感中考改编) Miss Yang，are you_ this afternoon？Id like to ask you some questions.Yes，I will wait for you in my office.Aafraid Bavailable Cabsent( C )5.(2018米泉中考改编 )The river will become dirtier and dirtier _ we take action to protect it.【考点】Asince Bif Cunless( A )6.I have to prepare_ the history te
25、st _ Thursday.【考点】Afor；on Bat；on Cfor；in( A )7.I will help my sister _ the pet dog while she is away.Alook after Blook throughClook into( B )8.(2018遂宁中考改编)If it _ sunny，we _ camping this weekend.Aget；will go Bgets；will goCwill get；go( A )9.(2018齐齐哈尔中考)Could you please give me some_ on how to learn English_？【考点】Sure.Practice makes perfect.Aadvice；well Badvice；goodCadvices；well二、根据语境或句意，用所给词的适当形式填空。(对应P38“词汇攻关”)1To Kevins _surprise_(surprise)，he found so many people playing beach volleyball in very hot weather.2He didnt do any _preparation_(prepare) for the exam，so he failed.
