1、- 1 -豫西名校 20182019 学年上期第一次联考高一英语试题（考试时间：100 分钟试卷满分：120 分）第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（共 15 小题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、和 D）中，选出最佳选项。AEye Health CareDailyHealthy habits mean healthy eyes. Here are some daily tips for eye health.P Clean your eyes with pure cold water regularly. Thi
2、s is one of the best ways to keep eyes healthy and disease free.Avoid looking directly at the sunRoll your eyes up and down, then side to side. Then move your eyes in a circular motion（圆周运动） Exercise5tol0 times a day to relax your eyes Keep a good distance from the computer screen-sit about 22-28 in
3、ches away from it.Visit your eye doctor on a regular basisThere are also some tips for healthy contact lens（隐形眼镜）wear and care to help prevent eye infections (感染). Please visit CDCS healthy contact lenses website and you can also follow them on social media(www.cdc.goy/contactlenses).1. _is not good
4、 for your eyesA. Eating vegetables B. Wearing sunglassesC. Wearing contact lens D. Looking at the sun directly2. How to relax your eyes according to the tips?A. Clean eyes with pure cold water B. Look at the sun directlyC. Make eye movements D. Wear contact lens3. In which column can we read this te
5、xt?- 2 -A. Education B. HealthC. Entertainment D. Advertisement【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。健康的习惯意味着健康的眼睛。文章介绍了一些眼睛健康的日常提示。【1 题详解】细节理解题。根据文中 Avoid looking directly at the sun 可知，直接看太阳对你的眼睛不好。故选 D。【2 题详解】细节理解题。根据文中 Roll your eyes up and down, then side to side. Then move your eyes in a circular mot
6、ion（圆周运动） Exercise5tol0 times a day to relax your eyes 可知， “做眼部运动”来放松你的眼睛。故选 C。【3 题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段 Healthy habits mean healthy eyes. Here are some daily tips for eye health.可知，这篇文章讲述的是有关眼健康的问题。所以它最有可能来自“健康专栏” 。故选 B。BWhat makes a family? How do family memembers get along with each other? Japanese dire
7、ctor Hirokazu Koreeda tries to answer these questions in his films.His laterst film, Shoplifters, is about his favrite topic family relations. With this film, Koreeda won this years Palme dOr (金棕榈奖), the Cannes Film Festivals top honor.Shoplifters tells the story of a poor family living in Tokyo. Th
8、ree generations living under the same roof survive by stealing from local shops.Obviously, what they are doing is wrong. But the director focuses more on the heartwarming details of the familys daily life, according to The Playist. Koreeda shows how the family memebers love and support each other. F
9、or example, the family plans a beach trip for the youngest sister. They carefully pick out swimwear for the girl. At the beach, they play happily. The girl draws a picture to help her remember their time together.This causes viewers to forget about - 3 -their moral judgments(道德审判).This is another fe
10、ature of Koreedas filming style. He is good at presenting ordinary life. Its slow and full of small details sometimes its even boring. But there is tension(冲突) present as well. In Shoplifters, the surprise is that the family memembers dont actually have blood ties to each other, but they are still c
11、loser than a real family. They all have their own stories.In Japan and most other Asian countries, blood ties are what defines (定义) family. But Koreeda questions that by looking at different kinds of relations.4. How does the family in the Shoplifters make a living?A. By drawing pictures. B. By work
12、ing in local shops.C. By begging from neighbors. D. By stealing from the local stores.5. What is the feature of Koreedas filming style?A. No tension present at all.B. Being full of small boring details.C. Focusing on the hard time of poor families.D. Showing ordinary life through the details of dail
13、y life.6. What does Koreeda want to show us in the movie?A. The meaning of a family.B. How to get long with our families.C. The ordinary life in a Japanese family.D. The different relationship in a poor family.7. This passage is mainly about _.A. family relations B. a film directed by KoreedaC. a fa
14、mous Japanese director D. features of Koreedas films【答案】4. D 5. D 6. A 7. B【解析】【分析】本文讲述的是关于韩剧导演拍摄的一部电影。【4 题详解】- 4 -细节理解题。根据第三段 Shoplifters tells the story of a poor family living in Tokyo. Three generations living under the same roof survive by stealing from local shops.可知，在 the Shoplifters 家里的人是通过偷
15、商店里的东西谋生的。故选 D。【5 题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中 the director focuses more on the heartwarming details of the familys daily life, according to The Playlist. Koreeda shows how the family members love and support each other.可知，韩剧的拍摄风格是通过日常生活的细节展现日常生活。故选 D。【6 题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 In Japan and most other Asian countries,
16、 blood ties are what defines(定义)a family. But Koreeda questions that by looking at different kinds of relations.可知，韩剧想在电影中向我们展示“家庭的意义” 。故选 A。【7 题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段 What makes a family? How do family members get along with each other? Japanese director Hirokazu Koreeda tries to answer these questions in
17、his films.可知，这篇文章的主题主要是关于韩剧导演拍摄的一部电影。故选 B。【点睛】做推理判断题时，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第 3 小题，根据最后一段 In Japan and most other Asian countries, blood ties are what defines(定义)a family. But Koreeda questions that by looking at different kinds of relatio
18、ns.可知，韩剧想在电影中向我们展示“家庭的意义” 。故选 A。CFrom the moment you open your eyes in the morning, you can feel sweat running down your body, even if youre barely moving at all. Thats what most people in China felt like thissummer. In fact, the entire northern hemisphere(半球 )saw high temperatures in July.The Arcti
19、c Circle was no exception(例外). Temperatures in the city of Norilsk, which is in the Arctic Circle, reached a record high of 32 , The - 5 -Atlantic reported. Temperatures there are usually just 10 at this time of the year.The heat wave in the Arctic is mainly a long-term result of global warming, acc
20、ording to the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences. In fact, while the whole world is getting warmer, the Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet. This is called the polar amplification effect（极地放大效应）.The most direct impact of Arctic warming is the melting of Arctic ice. Acco
21、rding to NASA, Arctic sea ice is now disappearing at a rate of 13.2 percent every 10 years. NASA said that if this continues, the Arctic will have no ice by the year 2040.This has put some Arctic animals, like polar bears, in danger. The ice that the bears live on has shrunk(缩小), the Toronto Star re
22、ported.Melting ice can also cause sea levels to rise in the long term. Since 1993, sea levels have risen at a rate of 3.2 cm every 10 years, the Guardian reported. Some countries, such as Tuvalu（图瓦鲁） in the South Pacific Ocean and Maldives（马尔代夫） in the Indian Ocean, are at risk of disappearing into
23、the sea8. Which of the following is true?A. Some countries in the ocean will disappear in 10 yearsB. China is the hottest in the northern hemisphere this summerC. The temperatures in Norilsk used to be lower than this summer.D. The world gets warmer because of the heat wave in the Arctic9. What does
24、 the underlined word “this“ in the third paragraph refer to?A. The heat wave in the Arctic B. The result of global warmingC. Getting warmer in the world D. The Arctic getting warm faster10. What may be the result of the melting of Arctic ice?A. The polar will become dangerous B. Sea levels rise in t
25、he long termC. There will be an end of water shortage D. There will be no ice in the world by 204011. What is the main idea of this passage?- 6 -A. Heat hits ArcticB. Arctic animals are in danger.C. The world became hotter than beforeD. Some countries may disappear into the sea【答案】8. C 9. D 10. B 11
26、. A【解析】【分析】本文讲述的是“热在冲击北极” 。【8 题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段 Temperatures in the city of Norilsk, which is in the Arctic Circle, reached a record high of 32 , The Atlantic reported. Temperatures there are usually just 10 at this time of the year.可知，Norilsk的气温曾经低于今年夏天。故选 C。【9 题详解】词义猜测题。根据第三段中 In fact, while the who
27、le world is getting warmer, the Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet. This is called the polar amplification effect（极地放大效应）. 事实上，当整个世界变暖的时候，北极的变暖速度是地球其他地方的两倍。这就是所谓的极性放大效应。由此推知划线词 This 指的是“北极变暖得更快” 。故选 D。【10 题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句 Melting ice can also cause sea levels to rise in the
28、 long term.可知，北极冰层融化的结果可能是从长远来看，海平面会上升。故选 B。【11 题详解】主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句 The heat wave in the Arctic is mainly a long-term result of global warming,和第四段第一句 The most direct impact of Arctic warming is the melting of Arctic ice.可知，本文讲述的是“热在冲击北极” 。故选 A。【点睛】概括主旨的方法是：先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句，若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻
29、找表达作者观点态度的词句，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。本题第 4 小题，根据第三段第一句 The heat wave in the - 7 -Arctic is mainly a long-term result of global warming,和第四段第一句 The most direct impact of Arctic warming is the melting of Arctic ice.可知，本文讲述的是“热在冲击北极” 。故选 A。DOur solar system migh
30、t be crazier than we once thought. Scientists say that deep within Uranus（天王星） and Neptune（海王星） it rains diamondsOn Earth. diamonds form under extreme heat and pressure. The inside of Uranus and Neptune also has high temperatures and pressures. Whats more, the blue planets are largely made up of icy
31、 water and gases such as methane(甲烷).So scientists have long believed that deep inside the two planets, the heat and pressure the methane into hydrogen (氢)and carbon (碳) Then diamond rain would form, falling toward the center of the planets.But no one could prove that this would really work-until no
32、w. In a study published recently in the journal Nature Astronomy, scientists say they were able to create this kind of “diamond rain“ in a lab, reported The Guardian.Scientists used high-powered lasers to create pairs of shockwaves through a kind of plastic. The plastic is made from hydrogen and car
33、bon, much like methane. The shock waves created high pressure and heat, like that inside Uranus and Neptune.“The experimental time is very short, Dominik Kraus, lead author of the study, told The Guardian. “That we saw this very clear signature of diamonds was actually very, very surprising”.The dia
34、monds created in the lab were tiny, only a few nanometers (纳米)wide. Scientists believe that diamonds would be much larger within Neptune and Uranus. Then they might slowly sink toward the planets center because of gravity.12. What factor is needed to form diamonds?A. Extreme heat and pressure B. Hyd
35、rogen and carbonC. lcy water and gases D. High-powered lasers13. What does the underlined word mean in the last paragraph?A. Unsuccessful B. Small- 8 -C. Real D. Natural14. How did scientists prove the theory of forming diamond?A. By giving examples B. By stating argumentC. By explaining statistical
36、 data D. By doing experiments15. What can be referred from the text?A. There are many high-powered lasers in Neptune and UranusB. Deep inside Neptune and Uranus could be full of diamondsC. The shockwaves inside Neptune and Uranus crate high pressure and heat.D. Scientists long believe that there are
37、 diamonds inside Neptune and Uranus【答案】12. A 13. B 14. D 15. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。我们的太阳系可能比我们想象的更疯狂。科学家通过做实验来证明形成钻石的理论。他们说在海王星和天王星的深处可能充满了钻石。【12 题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 On Earth. diamonds form under extreme heat and pressure.可知，形成钻石需要什么因素是极度的热压力。故选 A。【13 题详解】词义猜测题。根据最后一段第一句 The diamonds created in the lab w
38、ere tiny, only a few nanometers (纳米)wide. 实验室制造的钻石很小，只有几纳米宽。根据 only a few nanometers 可知“很小”由此推知划线词的意思是“小的” 。故选 B。【14 题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The experimental time is very short, Dominik Kraus, lead author of the study, told The Guardian. “That we saw this very clear signature of diamonds was actually very
39、, very surprising”.可知，科学家通过做实验来证明形成钻石的理论。故选 D。【15 题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中 Scientists believe that diamonds would be much larger within Neptune and Uranus. Then they might slowly sink toward the planets center because of gravity.可知，在海王星和天王星的深处可能充满了钻石。故选 B。- 9 -【点睛】做词义猜测题时，利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义。关键
40、是根据上下文的语境，尤其是划线词前后的内容。本题第 2 小题，根据最后一段第一句 The diamonds created in the lab were tiny, only a few nanometers (纳米)wide. 实验室制造的钻石很小，只有几纳米宽。根据 only a few nanometers 可知“很小”由此推知划线词的意思是“小的” 。故选 B。第二节（共 5 小题，每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余。Theres nothing worse than sitting next to someo
41、ne whose breath smells bad. In ancient China, people used to eat a special plant to make their breath smell better. _16_How your breath smells says a lot about your health. Scientists can now tell whether or not somebody has a disease just from a simple breath test._17_Breath is made up of waste che
42、micals（化学物质） that the body makes, Scientists from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology found that these chemicals are different for each person. In fact, theyre just like fingerprints (指纹)-thats why scientists sometimes call them “breathprints”.Compared to other kinds of tests, a breath test is
43、 much quicker. _18_Breath tests are also a lot easier to do than regular tests, as people only need to blow into a special machine. _19_ It has been useful in finding early signs of problems such as stomach cancer._20_And hopefully some day, visits to the hospital will be a quicker and easier for ev
44、eryone.A. How does it work?B. Now we use gum insteadC. This machine will help to test their breathD Instead of taking hours, it only takes a few minutesE Its much cheaper to do a breath test than other testsF. There are many ways to make your breath smell betterG. Now, scientists are trying to use b
45、reath tests as much as they can【答案】16. B 17. A - 10 -18. D 19. C 20. G【解析】本文是一篇说明文。科学家们现在可以通过简单的呼吸测试来判断某人是否患有疾病。现在，科学家们正试图尽可能多地使用呼吸测试。希望有一天，医院的探访对每个人来说都将变得更快更容易。【16 题详解】上文提示“在中国古代，人们吃一种特殊的植物，使他们的呼吸气味更好。 ”承接上文，B项 Now we use gum instead（现在我们用口香糖代替）切题。该项中的 Now 和上文中的ancient 相吻合。故选 B。【17 题详解】上文提示“科学家们现在可
46、以通过简单的呼吸测试来判断某人是否患有疾病。 ”再根据下文提示“瑞士联邦理工学院的科学家们发现，呼吸是由人体产生的化学废物组成的，这些化学物质因人而异。 ”承接上下文，A 项 How does it work?（它是如何工作的?）切题。该项中的 it 指的是 breath smells。故选 A。【18 题详解】上文提示“与其他测试相比，呼吸测试要快得多。 ”承接上文，D 项 Instead of taking hours, it only takes a few minutes（它只需要几分钟，而不是几个小时）切题。故选D。【19 题详解】上文提示“呼吸测试也比常规测试容易得多，因为人们只需
47、要对一台特殊的机器吹气。 ”再根据下文提示“它在发现胃癌等问题的早期症状时很有用。 ”承接上下文，C 项 This machine will help to test their breath（这台机器将有助于测试他们的呼吸）切题。故选 C。【20 题详解】下文提示“希望有一天，医院的探访对每个人来说都将变得更快更容易。 ”承接下文，G 项 Now, scientists are trying to use breath tests as much as they can（现在，科学家们正试图尽可能多地使用呼吸测试）切题。故选 G。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分 45 分）第一节完形填空（
48、共 20 小题；每小题 15 分，满分 30 分）- 11 -阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和 D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Back in 1981 I was working at the University of Bonn in Germany. I_21_some time off in early May to visit a friend in Viterbo. in central_22_The train stopped in Rome. I was _23_ , as my hotel was close to the railway sta
49、tion. The next morning. I_24_to visit as many of the famous Roman landmarks as possible.The following day I headed back to the_25_, planning to take a short ride to Viterbo. When I arrived at the station and tried to_26_the correct platform, I quick realized that the station was _27_for an upgrade (升级). For a moment my mind went_28_.My biggest_29_my luggage 一 my suitcase and hand luggage were heavy, so I couldnt_30_about easily. I dragged my suitcas
