(云南专版)2019版中考生物第23讲传染病和免疫习题.docx

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1、1第 23 讲 传染病和免疫一、选择题(共 3 小题,每小题 1.5 分,共 4.5 分)1.(2018山东济宁)今年埃博拉疫情再次肆虐西非。我国由陈薇团队自主研发的冻干剂型埃博拉疫苗已于 2017 年 10 月 19 日批准上市,与国外需在-80 保存的液体疫苗相比,在非洲运输和使用时更具稳定性,优势更突出。为遏制疫情蔓延,医护人员和易感染者已陆续接种,这属于(B)A.非特异性免疫,保护易感人群B.特异性免疫,保护易感人群C.非特异性免疫,切断传播途径D.特异性免疫,切断传播途径2.(2017四川德阳)注射乙肝疫苗可以预防乙型肝炎,被毒蛇咬之后需要及时注射抗毒血清。疫苗和抗毒血清中的有效成分

2、在免疫学中分别属于(D)A.抗原、抗原 B.抗体、抗体C.抗体、抗原 D.抗原、抗体3.(2017广东)下列疾病中,属于传染病的是(B)A.白化病 B.肝炎C.心脏病 D.糖尿病二、简答题(共 1 小题,每空 1 分,共 5 分)4.近年来,越来越多的家庭喜欢养狗,这为狂犬病传播带来隐患,全国狂犬病发病率有上升趋势。狂犬病发病后的死亡率极高,专家提醒:如果被狗咬伤,应在 24 小时内注射狂犬病疫苗。(1)狂犬病是由狂犬病病毒引起的传染性疾病,从传染病的角度来看,狂犬病病毒属于病原体;从传染病流行的三个基本环节看,携带狂犬病病毒的狗属于传染源。(2)狂犬病病毒结构简单,它没有细胞结构。(3)从免疫的角度看,注射到人体内的狂犬病疫苗属于抗原,通过注射狂犬病疫苗获得的免疫属于特异性免疫。2答案精解精析1.B 接种疫苗后能使人在不得病的情况下产生抗体,获得对某种传染病的免疫力,属于特异性免疫。这种措施属于保护易感人群。2.D 抗原类疫苗由失活或减毒的病原体制成,通过刺激自身淋巴细胞产生和分泌抗体,在发病前接种。抗体类疫苗由含有抗体的血清制成,在发病时注射,D 正确。3.B 肝炎属于传染病,B 符合题意。白化病属于遗传病,心脏病、糖尿病属于生活方式病,A、C、D 不符合题意。4.(1)病原体 传染源(2)细胞(3)抗原 特异性

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