(人教通用)2019年中考物理一轮复习第18章电功率基础知识排查.docx

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1、1第十八章电功率考点一:电能 电功1电功:电流通过某段导体所做的功叫电功,消耗电能的过程即电流做功的过程,实际上是将电能转化为_能的过程。计算电功的公式是_。2电能(电功):国际主单位是_ ,日常生活中常用单位是_,物理学中叫_,1kWh_J。3电能表:俗称电度表,是测量_的仪表, 知道其铭牌上各物理量的含义。可以用来计量消耗的电能。考点二:电功率4电功率:反映电流做功_的物理量,电功率等于_与_之比。5电功率公式: P_,若是纯电阻电路,由欧姆定律可得变形公式 P_或 P_ _。6电功率单位:国际主单位_,另一单位是_,二者换算关系是_ _。7额定电压和额定功率:额定电压是指用电器在_的电压

2、额 定功率是指用电器在_电压下的电功率,与实际电压、实际功率的关系如下: P 实 P 额 。(U实U额 )2 若 U 实 U 额 ,则 P 实 _ P 额 ,用电器正常工作;若 U 实 U 额 ,则 P 实_ _P 额 ,用电器不能正常工 作;若 U 实_ U 额 ,则 P 实 P 额 ,用电器损坏。考点三:测量小灯泡的电功率8原理:用_测出小灯泡两端电压 U,用_测出通过小灯泡的电流 I,用公式_算出小灯泡的功率 P。9滑动变阻器的作用:(1) _;(2) _ _,从而实现多次测量。考点四:焦耳定律10电流的热效应:电流通 过导体时电能转化为的现象。如:利用电热工作的用电器电饭 锅等。11焦耳定律:电流通过导体产生的热量跟_成正比,跟导体的_成正比,跟_成正比。用公式表示为: Q_ _,电流通过导体时, 如果电能全部转化为内能,2则有: Q_W。3参考答案1.其他形式 W UIt 2.焦(J) 度 千瓦时(kWh) 3.610 6 3. 电能(电功)4.快慢 电功 时间5. t UI I2RU6.瓦(W) 千瓦(kW) 1 kW10 3 W 7.正常工作时 额定 = 8.电压表 电流表 P=UI9 保护电路 改变灯泡两端的电压10. 内能11.电流的二次方 电阻 通电时间 I 2Rt=

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