1、1五四语法九 动词及动词短语语法考点剖析考点一 常见易混动词辨析1spend/ pay/cost/take表示“花费”。spend主语是人，可指花费时间和金钱。spend. on.; spend.(in) doing sth.pay 主语是人，指花费金钱。pay. for.spend. oncost 主语是物或某种活动，指花费金钱。sth. cost (sb.)take多用 it作形式主语，指花费时间。It takes sb. . to do sth.Sb. spend. (in) doing sth.2.look/watch/see/read 表示“看”。look 看(动作)；可单独成句；l
2、ook at.watch 看(电视、比赛)；注视see 看见(结果)；看望；理解(I see.)read 看(书、报)；读look 可以表示“看上去”，是感官动词，后接形容词。看病(看医生)用 see a doctor表示。3speak/say/talk/tell 表示“说”。speak 发言；说(某种语言)say 说(内容)；写有talk 谈论，talk about sth.; talk to/with sb.tell 告诉；讲述；tell sb. (not) to do sth.4.感官动词 look/taste/sound/feel/smell。look 看起来(视觉)taste 尝起来
3、(味觉)sound 听起来(听觉)feel 摸起来(触觉)2smell 闻起来(嗅觉)5.borrow/lend/keep表示“借”。borrow (向别人)借用；borrow sth. from sb.lend 借给(别人); lend sth. to sb.keep 借用若干时间； keep. for 2 days6.hope/wish/expecthope 希望；hope to to sth.; hopethat 从句wish 但愿、希望；wish to do sth.; wish sb. to do sth.; wishthat 从句expect 期待、期望； expect to do
4、 sth.; expect sb. to do sth.7.forget/leaveforget 表示“忘记”时，forget 通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用leave 在表示“遗忘”时，通常要与表示地点的状语连用8.hear/listen/soundhear 听见；hear名词(强调听的结果)listen 听；listen to名词(强调听的过程)sound 听起来； sound形容词(强调听的效果)9.wear/put on/dress/be inwear “穿着；戴着”，强调状态，wear 后可接穿戴的东西，包括眼镜、首饰等put on “穿上；戴上”，指“穿”的动作，反义词为“ta
5、ke off”dress“穿衣”，是及物动词，后接人作宾语，意为“给某人穿衣服”；dress onself“打扮；给自己穿衣服”be in 表示状态，后接衣服，也可接表示颜色的词10.reach/get/arrivereach“到达”，是及物动词(比 get更正式)，其后可直接接地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)get “到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词 to3arrive“到达”，不及物动词，之后通常接介词 at (一般用于较小的地方)或 in (一般用于较大的地方)单项选择1(2018山东莱芜中考)Oh, dear! I cant find my key to the office.Dont
6、worry. I think you might it in your car.Aoffer Bforget Cborrow Dleave2(2018新疆中考改编)Wow, your sweater is very beautiful! How much is it?Thank you. It me 30 dollars.Aspent Bpaid Ccost Dtook考点二 动词短语辨析常考的动词短语辨析有三种：第一种是同一动词的不同搭配；第二种是同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配；第三种是完全不同的动词短语。1同一动词的不同搭配：look 短语look after照料；照顾 look at 看
7、look for寻找；寻求 look forward to 盼望；期待look out当心；向外看 look through 快速查看；浏览look up(在词典、参考书中或通过电脑)查阅；抬头看look up to钦佩；仰慕cut 短语cut down砍倒；减少 cut off 切除cut out删除；删去 cut up 切碎run 短语run after追逐；追赶 run away 跑开run out (of)用尽；耗尽turn 短语turn down调低；拒绝 turn up 调高turn. into变成turn on接通(电流、煤气、水等)；打开4turn off关掉 turn lef
8、t/right 向左/右转take 短语take after(外貌或行为)像 take care of 照顾；处理take down拆除；往下拽；记录 take in 吸入；吞入(体内)take off脱掉；起飞take place发生；出现take up(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做；占据get 短语get dressed穿上衣服 get into 陷入；参与get lost迷路 get off 下车 get on 上车get on with和睦相处；关系良好get up起床；站起use 短语be/get used to习惯于 be used to do 被用来做used to曾经；过去giv
9、e 短语give away赠送；捐赠 give out 分发；散发give up放弃 give in 屈服call 短语call (sb.) back(给某人)回电话call in召来；叫来 call up 打电话给(某人)；征召come 短语come true实现；成为现实come up with想出；提出(主意、计划、回答等)bring 短语bring back恢复；使想起；归还bring out使显现；使表现出fall 短语fall asleep进入梦乡；睡着fall down突然倒下；跌倒；倒塌fall in love爱上；喜欢上 fall over 绊倒5go 短语go along
10、(the street)沿着(这条街)走go off(闹钟)发出响声 go out 外出(娱乐)make 短语make sure确保；查明 make up 编造(故事、谎言等)put 短语put on增加(体重)；发胖；穿上 put off 推迟put up搭起；举起；张贴 put away 收拾(整理)好put sth. to good use好好利用某物set 短语set out出发；启程 set up 建起；建立2同一副词或介词与不同动词的搭配 ：up 短语call up打电话给(某人)；征召cheer up(使)变得更高兴；振奋起来clean up打扫(或清除)干净cut up切碎 d
11、ress up 装扮；乔装打扮end up最终成为；最后处于 fix up 修理；解决give up放弃 grow up 长大；成熟hurry up赶快；急忙 look up 查找；抬头看make up编造(故事、谎言等)pick up捡起；接电话 put up 搭起；举起set up建起；建立 show up 赶到；露面stay up熬夜take up(尤指为消遣)学着做；开始做；占据wake up醒；叫醒out 短语blow out吹灭 bring out 使显现；使表现出check out察看；观察 clear out 清理；丢掉find out查明；弄清 give out 分 发；散发
12、go out外出(娱乐) hand out 分发6hang out闲逛；常去某处 lay out 摆开；布置leave out不包括；不提及；忽略run out (of)用尽；耗尽 sell out 卖光set out出发；启程 work out 成功地发展；解决down 短语die down逐渐变弱；逐渐 消失let. down使失望 lie down 躺下pull. down拆下；摧毁 write down 写下；记录下with 短语agree with同意；赞成 compare. with 比较；对比connect. with.把和连接或联系起来deal with应付；处理part wi
13、th放弃、交出(尤指不舍得的东西)3完全不同的动词词组：ask for请求；恳求(给予) care for 照顾；非常喜欢believe in信任；信赖 care about 关心；在意clean. off把擦掉 depend on 依靠；信赖divide. into把分开 separate from 分开；分离hear from接到(某人的)信、电话等throw away扔掉；抛弃 drop by 顺便访问；随便进入stick to坚持；固守 pay attention to 注意；关注pass by路过；经过 pay for 付费；付出代价prepare for为做准备pull toget
14、her齐心协力；通力合作shut off关闭；停止运转take sb.s place代替；替换 think of 认为(一)单项选择1(2018山东莱芜中考)Anna is preparing for the coming exam, so she has to the invitation to the party.Aturn on Bturn down Cturn off Dturn up72(2018江苏盐城中考)These new types of energy cost very little and will never Alook out Bcome out Crun out D
15、stay out3(2018河南中考)Jack is telling everyone he has bought a new car. Pay no attention to him. He is just Ataking off Bshowing off Cdriving off Dsetting off4(2018江苏连云港中考)Im sorry to on you, but there are one or two things I dont understand.It doesnt matter.Acut down Bcut out Ccut in Dcut off(二)完成句子(2
16、018湖北宜昌中考 )如果你不想陷入麻烦，就不要忽略任何小错误。If you dont want to get into trouble, please dont any small mistakes.考点三 情态动词81.情态动词过去式与原形相比，表示更委婉的语气。2mustnt 表示否定意义，意为“禁止，不允许”。3have to有人称、数和时态的变化，表示受客观条件限制，意为“不得不”。She has to take the bus to work.她不得不坐公交车去上班。4“May.？”句式的否定回答：No, . cant.“Must.？”句式的否定回答：No, . neednt.单项
17、选择1(2018山东莱芜中考 )Recently people in China take much money on shopping because they often use Alipay(支付宝)Aneednt Bmustnt Cshouldnt Dcant92(2018山东滨州中考) I swim here?Im sorry. Children swim alone here. Its very dangerous.AMust; cant BMay; must CCan; mustnt DCant; can3(2018江苏泰州中考)To keep children away fro
18、m danger during the coming summer holiday, parents give them some safety tips.Ashould Bmay Ccould Dmight4(2018山东青岛中考)This book be Lucys. Look! He r name is on it.Acan Bmay Cmust Dmight考点四 系动词系动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的身份、性质、特征等。分类 常见例词表示状态的系动词 be表示持续性的系动词 keep, remain, stay, stand表示感官的系动词 ta
19、ste, smell, feel, look, sound 表示变化的系动词 become, turn, go, grow, get单项选择1(2018贵州中考)The soup would better with more salt.Aeat Bsound Ctaste Dfeel2(2018重庆中考 B卷)The cake delicious. Id like to have another one.Atastes Blooks Csounds Dfeels3(2018浙江温州中考)The cheese cake so good that I cant wait to eat it.Ata
20、stes Bfeels Csounds Dsmells考点五 助动词1助动词 be主要用来表示各种时态和被动语态。102助动词 do有人称和时态的变化，主要用来构成谓语是实义动词的句子的否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。Do you know China well？你很了解中国吗？Did your father call you yesterday？你爸爸昨天给你打电话了吗？3助动词 have可与过去分词构成各种时态。11You havent been abroad before, have you？你以前没出过国，是不是？单项选择(2018湖南湘西土家族苗族自治州中考改编)What time Jim usually take a shower, Rick?He usually takes a shower at six forty.Ado Bdoes Cdid Ddoing12参考答案考点一12 DC考点二(一)14 BCBC(二)leave out考点三14 ACAC考点四13 CAD考点五B
