2019届高考数学二轮复习压轴大题高分练(五)函数与导数A组.doc

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1、1压轴大题高分练 5.函数与导数(A 组)压轴大题集训练,练就慧眼和规范,筑牢高考高分根基!1.已知函数 f(x)= .(1)求函数 f(x)在(1,f(1)处的切线方程.(2)证明:f(x)仅有唯一的极小值点.【解析】(1)因为 f(x)= ,所以 k=f(1)=-2.又因为 f(1)=e+2,所以切线方程为 y-(e+2)=-2(x-1),即 2x+y-e-4=0.(2)令 h(x)=ex(x-1)-2,则 h(x)=e xx,所以 x(-,0)时 h(x)0.当 x(-,0)时,易知 h(x)0,所以 f(1)0,f(x)在(1,2)上有极小值点.又因为 h(x)在(0,+)上单调递增,

2、所以 f(x)仅有唯一的极小值点.2.已知函数 f(x)=ax-1-ln x(aR) .(1)讨论函数 f(x)定义域内的极值点的个数.(2)若函数 f(x)在 x=1处取得极值,x(0,+),f(x)bx-2 恒成立,求实数 b的最大值.【解析】(1)f(x)的定义域为(0,+),f(x)=a- = .-1当 a0 时,f(x)0时,由 f(x)0 得 x .所以 f(x)在 上单调递减,在 上单调递增,(1,+)即 f(x)在 x= 处有极小值.综上,当 a0 时,f(x)在(0,+)上没有极值点;当 a0时,f(x)在(0,+)上有一个极值点.(2)因为函数 f(x)在 x=1处取得极值,所以 f(1)=a-1=0,则 a=1,从而 f(x)=x-1-ln x,因为x(0,+),f(x)bx-2 恒成立,所以x(0,+),1+ - b 恒成立.令 g(x)=1+ - ,则 g(x)= ,由 g(x)0 得 xe 2,则 g(x)在(0,e 2)上单调递减,在(e 2,+)上单调递增.所以 g(x)min=g(e2)=1- ,12故实数 b的最大值为 1- .12

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