1、1专题二 完形填空考试大纲 要求 考纲解读在一篇约 250 词的短文中留出 20 个空白，要求考生从每题给的 4 个选项中选出最佳选项，使补足的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。既考查考生的英语基础知识，又考查考生综合运用语言的能力。主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力，包括词语辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能力和生活常识综合运用能力。该题型分值高、区分度强，是考生最容易“拉开距离”的一项测试。江苏高考完形填空近五年考查分布明细统计选项设置年份 体裁词汇复现 语境词义 逻辑关系 固定搭配2018 记叙文 3 15 2 02017 记叙文 3 1
2、4 2 12016 夹叙夹议文 4 14 0 22015 记叙文 1 17 2 02014 记叙文 2 14 1 3从上表可以看出，江苏高考完形填空题设空以语境题和词汇题为主，注重在语境中考查词义及搭配。四个选项基本上属同一词类，相同语义范畴，选择时要求上下文通篇考虑。2Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.Their savings had been _36_ to pay lawyers fees.To make matters worse, Moth was diagn
3、osed(诊断) with a _37_ disease.There was no _38_，only pain relief.Failing to find any other way out, they decided to make a _39_ journey, as they caught sight of an old hikers (徒步旅行者) guide.This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and _40_ recovery.When leaving home, Raynor and Moth had just 3
4、20 in the bank.They planned to keep the _41_ low by living on boiled noodles，with the _42_ hamburger shop treat.Wild camping is _43_ in England.To avoid being caught, the Winns had to get their tent up _44_ and packed it away early in the morning.The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their
5、50s is a lot _45_ than they remember it was in their 20s.Raynor _46_ all over and desired a bath.Moth, meanwhile, after an initial _47_ , found his symptoms were strangely _48_ by their daily tiring journey._49_， the couple found that their bodies turned for the better, with re-found strong muscles
6、that they thought had _50_ forever.“Our hair was fried and falling out, nails broken, clothes _51_ to a thread, but we were alive.”During the journey, Raynor began a career as a nature writer.She writes, “_52_ had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare, an empty page at the end of
7、a(n) _53_ written book.It had also given me a _54_， either to leave that page _55_ or to keep writing the story with hope.I chose hope.”【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Raynor Winn 和她丈夫 Moth 因为投资失误变得无家可归。祸不单行，她丈夫被诊断出患有严重疾病，无法医治。他们决定靠着仅有的一些钱外出旅行。36.A.drawn up B.used upC.backed up D.kept up答案 B 根据首句中的 homeless 与
8、下文第三段中的“had just 320 in the bank”可3知他们的积蓄都用于支付律师费了，因此选择 used up(用光)。draw up“拟订，起草” ；back up“支持，支援” ；keep up“跟上，保持” 。37.A.mild B.commonC.preventable D.serious答案 D 根据下一句中的“only pain relief”可知，Moth 被诊断出患了一种严重的疾病，因此选择 serious。38.A.cure B.luckC.care D.promise答案 A 没有治疗方法(cure)，只能缓解疼痛。 39.A.business B.walk
9、ingC.bus D.rail答案 B 根据本句中的“an old hikers(徒步旅行者)guide”与下文的内容可知，他们决定进行一场徒步旅行，因此选择 walking。40.A.expected B.frighteningC.disappointing D.surprising答案 D 从下文内容可知，这不但是一个艰苦的旅行，也是一个给他们带来惊喜的旅行，因此选择 surprising。41.A.budget B.revenueC.compensation D.allowance答案 A 根据本段中的“had just 320 in the bank”和“by living on bo
10、iled noodles”可知，他们想方设法减少预算，因此选择 budget。42.A.frequent B.occasionalC.abundant D.constant答案 B 以吃煮面条为主，偶尔也会去汉堡店里买点汉堡犒劳自己。occasional“偶尔的” ，符合语境。43.A.unpopular B.lawfulC.attractive D.illegal答案 D 根据后一句中的“To avoid being caught”可知，在英国野营是不合法的，因此选择 illegal。44.A.soon B.early4C.late D.slowly答案 C 为了不被抓到，他们不得不晚睡早起
11、，因此选择 late。45.A.harder B.easierC.cheaper D.funnier答案 A 他们很快发现在 50 多岁进行徒步旅行比在 20 多岁进行徒步旅行困难多了。因此选择 harder。46.A.rolled B.bledC.ached D.trembled答案 C 根据上文并结合常识可知，Raynor 浑身疼痛并且想洗个澡。因此选择 ached。47.A.struggle B.progressC.excitement D.research答案 A 经过最初与疾病的斗争(struggle)，Moth 发现他的症状奇怪地减轻(reduced)了。48.A.develope
12、d B.controlledC.reduced D.increased答案 C 参见上题解析。49.A.Initially B.EventuallyC.Temporarily D.Consequently答案 B 最后，这对夫妇发现他们的身体好转。eventually“最后，终于” ，符合语境。50.A.gained B.keptC.wounded D.lost答案 D 他们重新找回了原本认为已经永远失去的强有力的肌肉。根据 re-found 可知应选择 lost。51.A.sewn B.washedC.worn D.ironed答案 C 根据语境和空前的“Our hair was fried
13、 and falling out，nails broken”可知，此处在描述他们旅途的艰辛。故选择 worn 表示衣服破了。52.A.Doctors B.HikingC.Lawyers D.Homelessness答案 D 根据上文可知，无家可归的境况(Homelessness)使他们失去了一切物质上的东5西。53.A.well B.partlyC.neatly D.originally答案 B 根据上文中的“nature writer”和下文中的“leave that page _55_ or to keep writing the story”可知，此处表示这本书还未完成，即部分未完成的书
14、。因此选择 partly。54.A.choice B.rewardC.promise D.break答案 A 根据本句中的“either.or.”可知，选 choice。55.A.loose B.full C.blank D.missing答案 C 根据本句中的“or to keep writing the story with hope”可知，选择blank。表示一种选择是留着空白页，意思是停止旅行，还有一种选择是继续满怀希望地写作，即继续旅行。For a long time Gabriel didnt want to be involved in music at all.In his f
15、irst years of high school，Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students，_36_across the campus with their heavy instrument cases，_37_at school for practice hours_38_ anyone else had to be there.He swore to himself to_39_music，as he hated getting to school extra early._40_，one day，in the music cl
16、ass that was _41_ of his schools standard curriculum，he was playing idly (随意地)on the piano and found it _42_ to pick out tunes.With a sinking feeling，he realized that he actually _43_ doing it.He tried to hide his _44_ pleasure from the music teacher，who had _45_ over to listen.He might not have don
17、e this particularly well，_46_ the teacher told Gabriel that he had a good _47_ and suggested that Gabriel go into the music store-room to see if any of the instruments there _48_ him.There he decided to give the cello(大提琴)a _49_.When he began practicing，he took it very _50_.But he quickly found that
18、 he loved playing 6this instrument，and was _51_ to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well.This _52_，of course，that he arrived at school early in the morning，_53_ his heavy instrument case across the campus to the _54_ looks of the non-musicians he had left _55
19、_.36.A.travelling B.marchingC.pacing D.struggling答案 D 根据“with their heavy instrument cases”可知，每天上学的时候，Gabriel 总是同情地看着背着沉重乐器的同学们艰难地穿梭于校园中，struggle“努力，艰难地行进，斗争” ，符合语境。37.A.rising up B.coming upC.driving up D.turning up答案 D 根据“_37_ at school for practice hours _38_ anyone else”可知，学习音乐的同学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小
20、时，为了练习弹奏乐器。turn up“出现”，符合语境。38.A.before B.after C.until D.since答案 A “anyone else”指不学音乐的学生，学习音乐的要比规定的到校时间早到几个小时，before anyone else had to be there 比规定的到校时间早几个小时。这也是Gabriel 不想学习音乐的原因之一。39.A.betray B.acceptC.avoid D.appreciate答案 C 根据“as he hated getting to school extra early”可知，Gabriel 讨厌过早到校，因此他对自己发誓“
21、不学”音乐，A 背叛；B 接受；C 避免，避开；D 欣赏。故选C。40.A.Therefore B.HoweverC.Thus D.Moreover答案 B 此处是说，Gabriel 在一次音乐课上意外发现自己很喜欢音乐，此处所表达的含义与上一段是转折关系，故选 B。41.A.part B.nature 7C.basis D.spirit答案 A that was _41_ of his schools standard curriculum 是定语从句，音乐课是学校标准课程的一部分，言外之意就是说，每个学生都得上这个音乐课。42.A.complicated B.safeC.confusing
22、 D.easy答案 D 根据下句“actually.tried to hide.pleasure”等词或词组可以看出，Gabriel 在音乐中找到了乐趣，并试图隐藏这份愉悦，由此可知，此处是说，他发现演奏音乐很容易。故选 D。43.A.missed B.disliked C.enjoyed D.denied答案 C 根据 actually 可知，Gabriel 对音乐的看法有了变化，他实际上是喜欢音乐的，故选 C。44.A.transparent B.obviousC.false D.similar答案 B Gabriel 不想让音乐老师看到自己表露出来的很明显的喜悦之情，transparen
23、t指(谎言、借口)易看穿的；obvious 明显的，显然的；false 假的；similar 相似的。故选B。45.A.run B.joggedC.jumped D.wandered答案 D 音乐老师在教室里来回走动，听到 Gabriel 弹奏乐器的声音，就走过来聆听。run 跑；jog 慢跑；jump 跳；wander 徘徊，游荡。wander over 漫步。46.A.because B.but C.though D.so答案 B 前句是说他弹得不是特别好，后句是说，老师告诉他他有良好的辨音能力，并且建议他去音乐商店选适合自己的乐器。前后句间为转折关系。47.A.ear B.taste C
24、.heart D.voice答案 A 老师认为 Gabriel 有着很好辨音能力，并建议他去挑一件称心的乐器。ear 辨音力，灵敏的听力；taste 鉴赏力，欣赏力，指对作品的欣赏能力。由于 Gabriel 没有经过专业的训练，不能说他有很好的音乐鉴赏能力，taste 不符合语境。848.A.occurred to B.took toC.appealed to D.held to答案 C occur to sb 某人突然想起；take to 开始喜欢；appeal to 有吸引力，引起兴趣；hold to 抓住。老师让 Gabriel 找一件自己喜欢的乐器。49.A.change B.chan
25、ce C.mission D.function答案 B Gabriel 准备试一下大提琴，给大提琴一次机会，即尝试演奏一下大提琴。change 改变；chance 机会；mission 任务；function 功能。故选 B。50.A.seriously B.proudly C.casually D.naturally答案 C 根据 But 可知，前后是转折关系，下句说 Gabriel 发现自己很喜欢大提琴，说明前一句是说他只是随便拉一下。seriously 认真地；proudly 骄傲地；casually 随便地；naturally 自然地。故选 C。51.A.committed B.use
26、dC.limited D.admitted答案 A 根据“so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonably well”可知，花了几个月的时间练习之后，Gabriel 的大提琴已经拉得非常好了。be committed to sth/doing sth 致力于。be used to doing sth“习惯于做某事” ；be limited to“被局限于” ；be admitted to“被录取” 。故选 A。52.A.proved B.showed C.stressed D.meant答案 D 本段与第一段呼应。学习音乐意
27、味着早到学校，要把沉重的乐器背来背去，meant 在此意为“意味着” 。53.A.pushing B.dragging C.lifting D.rushing答案 B 此处是说，Gabriel 也得早到学校练习拉琴，也要拖着沉重的乐器。drag 指吃力地拖、拉某物，符合语境。push 推；lift 举起；rush 冲。54.A.admiring B.pitying C.annoying D.teasing答案 B 根据“non-musicians”可知，这里指不学音乐的学生那种同情的表情，根据第9一段可得出答案，应该是 pitying。55.A.over B.aside C.behind D.
28、out答案 C leave aside 搁置一边；leave sb/sth behind 把抛在后面，超过；leave out 遗漏，不提及。这里指 Gabriel 走过去之后，身后的学生对他投来同情的目光。Years ago，a critical event occurred in my life that would change it forever.I met Kurt Kampmeir of Success Motivation Incorporation for breakfast.While we were _36_，Kurt asked me， “John，what is yo
29、ur _37_ for personal growth？”Never at a loss for words，I tried to find things in my life that might _38_for growth.I told him about the many activities in which I was _39_.And I went into a _40_ about how hard I worked and the gains I was making.I must have talked for ten minutes.Kurt _41_ patiently
30、，but then he _42_ smiled and said， “You dont have a personal plan for growth，do you？”“No”，I _43_.“You know， ” Kurt said simply， “growth is not a(n) _44_ process.”And thats when it _45_ me.I wasnt doing anything _46_ to make myself better.And at that moment，I made the _47_：I will develop and follow a
31、 personal growth plan for my _48_.That night，I talked to my wife about my _49_ with Kurt and what I had learned.I _50_ her the workbook and tapes Kurt was selling.We _51_ that Kurt wasnt just trying to make a sale.He was offering a _52_ for us to change our lives and achieve our dreams.Several impor
32、tant things happened that day.First，we decided to _53_ the resources.But more importantly，we made a commitment to _54_ together as a couple.From that day on， we learned together，traveled together，and sacrificed together.It was a _55_ decision.While too many couples grow apart，we were growing togethe
33、r.36.A.working B.preparing 10C.thinking D.eating答案 D 根据“for breakfast” ，可知我在吃早饭的时候遇见了 Kurt。故 D 项符合语境。37.A.suggestion B.demandC.plan D.request答案 C 根据 42 空后“You dont have a personal plan for growth，do you？”(对于个人成长你并没有计划，是吧？)可知 Kurt 在问我个人成长计划是什么。故 C 项正确。38.A.appeal B.look C.call D.qualify答案 D appeal 呼吁
34、，吸引(通常与 to 连用)；look for 寻找；call for 需要；qualify for 有资格，能胜任；当 Kurt 提出这个问题的时候，我努力找出一些个人生活中与成长有关的事情。故 D 项正确。39.A.involved B.trapped C.lost D.bathed答案 A 本句是定语从句，介词 in 提前到关系代词 which 之前。be involved in 参与；卷入；be trapped in 被困在中；be lost in 沉浸于；be bathed in 被笼罩；我告诉他很多我所参加的活动。根据句意可知 A 项正确。40.A.lecture B.speech
35、 C.discussion D.debate答案 B 我在发表关于自己如何努力工作并取得了很大成就的演讲。lecture 讲座；speech 演讲；discussion 讨论；debate 辩论。故 B 项正确。41.A.calculated B.listenedC.drank D.explained答案 B 我讲了十分钟自己的个人努力及成就，Kurt 一直耐心地听我讲。故 B 项正确。42.A.eagerly B.gradually C.gratefully D.finally答案 D Kurt 耐心地听我讲了很长时间，最后他笑着对我说：“对于个人成长你并没有计划，是吧？”eagerly 热
36、切地；gradually 逐渐地；gratefully 感激地；finally 最后。故 D 项正确。1143.A.admitted B.interruptedC.apologized D.complained答案 A “You dont have a personal plan for growth，do you？”是一个否定的反意疑问句，在回答的时候“No”翻译为“是的” 。说明我承认自己并没有个人成长计划。故 A 项正确。44.A.automatic B.slowC.independent D.changing答案 A automatic 自动的；slow 缓慢的；independent
37、 独立的；changing 不断变化的；Kurt 告诉我成长并不是一个自动的过程，一定要有计划性，有计划的个人成长才是有效的成长。从那以后我意识到自己在这方面的缺乏并作出改变。故选 A 项。45.A.confused B.informed C.pleased D.hit答案 D Kurt 的话触动了我，我的确没有有意识地做一些事情让自己变得更好。hit sb“某人突然想起” 。故 D 项正确。46.A.on loan B.on purposeC.on sale D.on balance答案 B on loan 暂借；on purpose 故意地；on sale 降价出售；on balance
38、总的来说。他的话让我意识到自己的确没有有意识地做一些让自己变得更好的事情。故 B 项正确。47.A.comment B.announcementC.decision D.arrangement答案 C comment 评论；announcement 通告；decision 决定；arrangement 安排。此处是说，我做出了一个决定：要为我的生活做一个个人的成长计划。故 C 项正确。48.A.life B.progressC.performance D.investment答案 A life 生活；progress 进步；performance 表演；investment 投资。由上下文可知
39、 A 项正确。49.A.contract B.conversationC.negotiation D.argument答案 B contract 合同，契约；conversation 对话；negotiation 谈判；协商；argument 争论。此处是说，我把我和 Kurt 的谈话告诉了妻子。故 B 项正确。1250.A.lent B.sold C.showed D.offered答案 C 我向妻子展示了 Kurt 正在出售的书和磁带。故 C 项正确。51.A.recalled B.defined C.recognized D.declared答案 C 我们意识到他并不是想向我们兜售自己的
40、书，而是给了我们一个改变生活和实现梦想的方法。根据句意可知 C 项正确。52.A.tool B.method C.way D.rule答案 C Kurt 给了我们一个改变生活和实现梦想的方法。故 C 项正确。53.A.provide B.buy C.give D.deliver答案 B 此处是说，我们决定购买他的书和磁带等资源。故 B 项正确。54.A.grow B.survive C.move D.gather答案 A 根据上文可知 Kurt 和我谈论的是个人成长的话题。我和妻子在他的影响下承诺共同成长，一起进步。故 A 项正确。55.A.difficult B.random C.firm
41、D.wise答案 D 由 While too many couples grow apart，we were growing together.可知我和妻子一起成长。说明他的资源对我们有很大的帮助，我们做出的是一个明智的决定。故D 项正确。解题技巧完形填空答题时必须遵循“整体部分整体”的步骤，要先完其意后完其形。注重整合、注重上下文信息关联，做到瞻前顾后。1.跳读首尾句，判断文体，预测主题一般说来，完形填空题的首尾句是不设空的，先跳读这两句，便可判断体裁，猜想它要讲什么。如果一开始就讲明了 when，where，who，what，即四个 w，那么就是记叙文。若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来
42、说是说明文；若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。132.通读全文，掌握主旨大意边读边填独立题(包括词类搭配、近义词辨析、语法类)和前提试题，了解全文，把握大意。积极思维，根据初步结论、按照不同文体的写作特点，找准信息词，存储上文信息，以帮助解决下文空格。要注意词与词、句与句之间的各种连接和修饰关系，留心词汇的习惯搭配，尤其是所选择的词在具体语境中的确切含义。3.寻求搭配，通顺逻辑固定搭配是完形填空的常考题，如动词与介词的搭配，动词与名词的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等，因此选择必须根据具体的上下文作出合理的判断。4.根据词汇意义及用法辨析词义、确定答案完形填空题虽然淡化对语法的考查，但对语言点的
43、考查依然存在，主要体现在词汇搭配和意义辨析两个方面。弄清它们之间的细微差异有助于提高答题的正确率。如separate/divide，cheap/cheaply，wide/widely，still/quiet/calm/silent 等。要做好这种题目，必须尽量将词语辨析与情节推理和逻辑推理结合起来，从词汇意义入手，抓住情节线索解决问题。 5.结合生活常识及文化背景知识进行逻辑推理完形填空往往为自身的内容提供完整的语言信息，其间交织渗透各类相关的文化背景知识和生活常识，考查学生灵活运用该方面知识的能力。解决这类题目，考生不仅要有广博的知识，还要能驾驭全文，弄清文章的深层意义。当对语言的把握不是很准确时，可充分利用社会文化知识和生活常识来帮助判断。6.查漏补缺，反复推敲，调整答案复读时，要根据文章的中心去判断所选答案是否符合逻辑，是否服务于文章的主题，有无语法或搭配错误。审读过程中，如果遇到不畅之处，必有一点，应从词义和逻辑两方面权衡优劣，从而纠正错误，弥补疏漏。对于仍拿不准的个别选项，应坚持自己的第一感觉。
