1、1Unit 1 Festivals around the world .阅读理解(2018浙江)As cultural symbols go,the American car is quite young.The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago,with the first rolling off the assembly line(装配线) on September 27,1908.Only eleven cars were produced the next month.But e
2、ventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of them.Modern America was born on the road,behind a wheel.The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture:the roadside diner,the billboard,the motel,even the hamburger.For most of the last century,the car represented what it meant
3、 to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds.The road novel,the road movie,these are the most typical American ideas,born of abundant petrol,cheap cars and a never-ending interstate highway system,the largest public works project in history.In 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an America
4、 with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage.”Since then,this society has moved onward,never looking back,as the car transformed America from a farm-based society into an industrial power.The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America
5、the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.The problems of excessive(过度的) energy consumption,climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L.Friedman.He fears the worst,but hopes for the best.Friedman points out that the green economy(经济)
6、 is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design,build and export green technologies for producing clean water,clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。美国的汽车制造业对美国文化影响持久,然而其发展也带来了一系列的问题:能源消耗、气候变暖、人口增长等等。然而,绿色经济、绿色科技可
7、成为解决这一系列问题的新的突破口。1.Why is hamburger mentioned in paragraph 2?A.To explain Americans love for travelling by car.B.To show the influence of cars on American culture.C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans.D.To praise the effectiveness of Americas road system.答案 B2解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段的第二句“Th
8、e car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture.even the hamburger.”可知,作者提到 hamburger 是为了指出,汽车塑造了美国文化中最持久的方面,故选 B 项。2.What has the use of cars in America led to?A.Decline of economy. B.Environmental problems.C.A shortage of oil supply. D.A farm-based society.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段的第一
9、句“The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.”可知,汽车的使用,导致了一个全球生态灾难,也就是 B 项提到的环境问题,故选 B 项。3.What is Friedmans attitude towards Americas future?A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful.C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第五段的最后一句“He fears the worst,but hopes for the best
10、.”可知,他害怕最坏的情况,但却抱着最好的希望。由此推断,Friedman 对美国的未来仍然是充满希望的。故选 C 项。.完形填空(2018浙江温州适应性测试)I work for Mrs.Riley,an eighty-year-old neighbor.I 1 groceries for her at the supermarket and sometimes I dust and 2 her apartment.The best part, 3 ,is taking care of Sam,her canary (金丝雀).He sings all the time and is alw
11、ays cheerful.Im going to buy 4 .But I dont have enough money yet. 5 ,soon. Last Thursday I ran upstairs to Mrs.Rileys.She was in bed.“You cant 6 for me anymore,girl.” Mrs.Riley said,“I cant 7 to pay you.” I felt 8 to my stomach.How would I find another job?At dinner,I couldnt eat.Mom said,“I feel 9
12、for her,Carla.Shes so alone up there.” Leaning over,Mom gave me a hug and said,“Im glad we 10 each other.” That night I couldnt 11 .I kept thinking about Mrs.Riley.How would she get things from the store 12 me? The next day I ran upstairs.Mrs.Riley was 13 in bed.When I asked what she wanted that day
13、,Mrs.Riley 14 me for a minute and then told me.When I got back,Mrs.Riley watched me 15 .After a while,she spoke,“ 16 I cant pay you,Ill give you Sam.” My breath caught in my throat.I couldnt 17 it.But if I took Sam,Mrs.Riley would be all alone.Then I sighed,“I cant take Sam.He 18 you.And you dont ha
14、ve to pay me.” She reached out and patted my arm.“Youre a good 19 ,Carla.” Mrs.Riley said.I felt a lump in my throat.Who says friends have to be your own 20 ? 3【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者在为一位八十岁的邻居老人工作,照顾她的起居生活。但因为老人已无力支付工资,所以决定不再雇用作者来照顾自己。后来作者在妈妈的启发和鼓励下,继续无偿照顾老人,并与老人成了忘年之交。1.A.buy B.deliverC.pack D.carry答案 A
15、解析 根据上下文可知,作者为 Mrs.Riley 工作,照顾她的生活,包括去超市买(buy)日用品。deliver“递送”;pack“打包”。2.A.protect B.sweepC.furnish D.share答案 B解析 除了去超市买东西之外,作者还要打扫(sweep) Mrs.Riley 的房间。protect“保护”;furnish“布置家具”;share“分享”。3.A.instead B.thereforeC.though D.otherwise答案 C解析 作者的工作是帮助 Mrs.Riley 清洁灰尘、打扫房间等,然而(though),作者最喜欢做的还是照顾她的金丝雀。tho
16、ugh 此处作副词,意为“然而”;instead“代替”;therefore“因此”;otherwise“否则”。4.A.one B.itC.that D.this答案 A解析 根据上下文可知,作者也想要买一只金丝雀(one)。5.A.Hopefully B.CuriouslyC.Occasionally D.Gradually答案 A解析 根据上文可知,作者想要买一只金丝雀,钱不够,但有望(Hopefully)能很快实现这个愿望。curiously“好奇地”;occasionally“偶尔”;gradually“逐渐地”。6.A.talk B.payC.work D.wait答案 C解析 根
17、据下文中的“How would I find another job?”可知,Mrs.Riley 决定不再雇用作者来为她工作(work)了。7.A.bother B.expectC.offer D.afford答案 D4解析 根据上下文,尤其是“pay”可知,Mrs.Riley 不再雇用作者的原因是没有足够的钱来支付(afford)工资了。afford to do sth.意为“支付或承担得起”。bother“打扰”;expect“期望”;offer“提供”。8.A.sick B.cautiousC.nervous D.guilty答案 A解析 根据下文中的“How would I find
18、another job?”可知,作者突然没有了工作之后,感到很难过和担心。feel sick to ones stomach 本意为“感到恶心反胃”,此处指“感到难过和担心”。cautious“谨慎的”;nervous“紧张的”;guilty“愧疚的”。9.A.sorry B.embarrassedC.ashamed D.strange答案 A解析 根据下文中的“Shes so alone up there.”可知,作者母亲很同情 Mrs.Riley。feel sorry for 意为“同情;为感到难过”。embarrassed“尴尬的”;ashamed“羞愧的”。10.A.like B.ha
19、veC.help D.connect答案 B解析 当谈起 Mrs.Riley 的情况时,作者母亲深有感触地说道:“很高兴我们能拥有(have)彼此。”11.A.think B.understandC.sleep D.speak答案 C解析 句意:那天晚上作者无法入睡(sleep)。12.A.for B.withC.after D.without答案 D解析 根据上文可知,作者睡不着,一直在担心邻居 Mrs.Riley:没有(without)了自己的帮忙,她一个人怎么能从商店把东西买回家呢?13.A.still B.justC.even D.ever答案 A解析 根据上文中的“She was i
20、n bed.”可知,第二天作者去看望 Mrs.Riley 的时候,她还仍然(still)躺在床上。14.A.listened to B.looked atC.checked on D.reached for答案 B解析 根据上下文可推知,作者第二天仍然要为 Mrs.Riley 去商店购买东西的行为出乎了她的意料,故她盯着作者看(looked at)了一会儿。check on“检查”;reach for“伸手去取”。15.A.on purpose B.with pride5C.in silence D.for permission答案 C解析 根据下文可知,Mrs.Riley 默默地(in si
21、lence)看着作者是在考虑该怎样支付报酬。on purpose“故意地”;with pride“自豪地”。16.A.Before B.UnlessC.Until D.Since答案 D解析 句意:既然(since)我付不起工资,我会把金丝雀 Sam 给你。17.A.bear B.believeC.ignore D.make答案 B解析 根据上文中的“My breath caught in my throat.”可知,作者听到 Mrs.Riley 的决定后感到难以置信(I couldnt believe it)。bear“承受,容忍”;ignore“忽视”。18.A.looks after B
22、.belongs toC.works for D.depends on答案 B解析 根据上下文可知,Sam 属于(belongs to) Mrs.Riley。look after“照顾”;work for“为工作”;depend on“依赖”。19.A.assistant B.neighborC.daughter D.friend答案 D解析 根据下文中的“friends”可知,Mrs.Riley 把作者当成了朋友(friend)。assistant“助手”。20.A.sex B.mindC.age D.family答案 C解析 根据上文可知,两人年龄相差较大,所以 Mrs.Riley 把作者
23、当朋友后,作者很感动:谁说朋友一定要是同龄(age)的呢?.概要写作阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。Today,bicycles are so common that its hard to believe they havent always been around.But about two hundred years ago,bicycles didnt even exist,and the first bicycle,invented in Germany in 1818 was nothing like our bicycles today.Because i
24、t was made of wood,it wasnt very strong nor did it have pedals.Since then,however,numerous improvements have made it one of the most popular means of transportation around the world.In 1839,Kirkpatrick Macmillan,a Scottish blacksmith,invented a much better bicycle.Macmillans machine had iron-covered
25、 wheels to keep them from getting worn 6down.He also used foot-operated levers,similar to pedals,so his bicycle could be ridden at a quick pace.It didnt look much like the modern bicycle,though,because its back wheel was larger than its front wheel.Although Macmillans bicycles could be ridden easily
26、,they were never produced in large numbers.In 1861,Frenchman Pierre Michaux and his brother Ernest invented a bicycle with an improved pedal mechanism.Ten years later,James Starley,an English inventor,revolutionized bicycle design.He made the front wheel many times larger than the back wheel,put a g
27、ear on the pedals to make the bicycle more efficient,and lightened the wheels by using wire spokes.Although this bicycle was much lighter and less tiring to ride,it was still clumsy,extremely top-heavy,and ridden mostly for entertainment.It wasnt until 1874 that the first truly modern bicycle appear
28、ed on the scene.Invented by another Englishman,H.J.Lawson,the safety bicycle would look familiar to todays cyclists.The safety bicycle had equal-sized wheels,which made it easier to ride.Lawson also attached a chain to the pedals to drive the back wheel.By 1893,the safety bicycle had been further im
29、proved with air-filled rubber tires,a diamond-shaped frame,and easy braking.With the improvements provided by Lawson,bicycles became extremely popular and useful for transportation.Today,they are built,used,and enjoyed all over the world.参考范文The first bike invented in 1818 was quite different from t
30、he one today,and since then it has been improved constantly.(要点 1)Twenty-one years later,it began to have types with iron rims and in 1861 it was equipped with crank mechanism.(要点 2)Then in 1871,a gear was added to its pedals and its wheels turned into wire spokes which reduced the weight.(要点 3)Finally,in 1874 a chain was attached to its pedals,by which time it looked like the bike today.(要点 4)
