1、专题七 非谓语动词,-2-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,-3-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,(2016天津)Depending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements,an extra charge may be made for providing special food. 根据过敏的类型和/或饮食的要求,提供特别食物也许会收取额外的费用。 The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shoppi
2、ng without being recognized. 这位影星戴着太阳镜。因此,他可以在购物的时候不被别人认出来。,-4-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,1.不定式、动词-ing形式的动作若发生在谓语动词的动作之前,就用完成式,否则,用一般式。不定式、动词-ing形式与其逻辑主语之间若是主动关系,就用主动式,否则,用被动式。要注意此处的完成式并不等同于谓语动词的现在完成时,现在完成时强调相对于现在已经完成,非谓语动词的完成式只强调动作的先后关系。 (201610浙江)Feeling stronger now,Jane began to walk along
3、 the stream and hope it would lead her to the lake. 现在感觉更强壮了,Jane开始沿着小溪行走,希望它能把她带到湖边。,-5-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,Having spent the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong,Linda appears more mature than those of her age. 作为交换生在香港待了一年,琳达看上去要比她的同龄人更成熟。(先在香港待过一年,然后才有看起来成熟的状态) Im sorry to h
4、ave kept you waiting long. 对不起让您久等了。(先等待,然后说对不起) (2016全国乙)She arranged for a flight on a small plane to be held for me,re-routed(改道) me through Newark and got me back to the UK even earlier than originally scheduled. 她为我安排了一架小型飞机,让我改道在Newark转机,所以我回到英国的时间比原本计划的还要早。,-6-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七
5、,2.being done所表示的时间概念并非全是正在进行。 Being exposed to the sun for so long will do harm to our skin. 暴露在阳光下很长时间对我们的皮肤有害。(只强调动作是被动,并不表示动作正在进行) 3.判断语态时学会找非谓语的逻辑主语:做定语时,被修饰的词是其逻辑主语;做状语时,句子的主语是其逻辑主语;做补足语时,句子的宾语或主语是其逻辑主语。若是系动词则一定用主动式,非谓语形式后面接宾语也多为主动式。 The teacher came in,following our monitor. 老师进来了,跟在我们班长后面。,-
6、7-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,-8-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,-9-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,(2016江苏)From the earliest ages,they desire to help others,to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. 他们从小就渴望帮助他人,与他们分享信息并参与完成共同目标。 注意:动词不定式和动词-ing形式做主语或宾语时,可以用it做形式主语或者形
7、式宾语。 Its no use arguing with him. 与他争吵没有用。 I think it easy to have done so much in only one day. 我认为仅在一天之内就做了这么多很容易。,-10-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,1.非谓语动词及其短语做状语时,可以表示时间、原因、行为方式、伴随情况等,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果非谓语动词与句子的主语之间是主动关系,用doing表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或进行的动作;having done表示do的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。如果非谓语动词与
8、句子的主语之间是被动关系,则用done,若强调这个被动的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,则用having been done。 (2016全国)Then the person leaves it in a public place,hoping that the book will have an adventure,traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it. 然后,这个人会把书放在公共场所,希望它能经历一场冒险,跟着能找到它的每位读者周游各地。,-11-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,
9、The teachers stood there talking,surrounded by the students.(The teachers 和talk之间为主动关系,The teachers和surround之间为被动关系) Having been shown around the lab,the visitors went to the library.(be shown around “被带领参观”的动作完成之后,才发生went这个动作) (2016上海)If properly administered,a kitemark on terms and conditions coul
10、d help people know what exactly they are signing up to. 如果恰当管理,这些条款的认知标记可以帮人们确切地知道他们所签署的合同内容。(仅强调kitemark与administer的被动关系) 表示时间关系的非谓语动词(短语)可由连词when/while引导。,-12-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,(2017全国)Once,while working overnight at a store,he let a homeless man sleep in his truck. 有一次,在一家店里彻夜工作时,他
11、让一位无家可归的男士在他的卡车上睡了一夜。,-13-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,2.做目的状语和结果状语通常用不定式,动词-ing形式和过去分词一般做时间状语、原因状语、条件状语和伴随状语。 不定式放句首做状语,只表目的;做结果状语时表示出乎意料的、令人不愉快的结果。而动词-ing形式不能表示目的,做结果状语时表示伴随谓语动词动作的发生而产生的自然结果(同时发生),有时在前面加上thus,谓语动词与动词-ing形式是因果关系。 (2016全国)To test for that possibility,Dr.Berger looked at how peop
12、le spread a particular set of news stories:thousands of articles on The New York Times website. 为了检验那种可能性,Berger博士查看了人们是怎样散布一系列特别新闻故事:在纽约时报网站上的成千上万的文章。,-14-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,3.要注意非谓语动词的逻辑主语为句子的主语。因此要注意主语前后一致。 To improve English,his father bought him many books.()(improve的逻辑主语为he,而不是hi
13、s father) Walking in the street,a car knocked the boy down.()(walk的逻辑主语为the boy,而不是a car),-15-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,4.不定式可以跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的形容词后面做原因状语或用于too.to do sth.,so.as to do sth.,enough.to do sth.等结构中做结果状语。 I am happy to meet you here. 我很高兴在这里遇到你。 (2017全国)We shared the belief that if y
14、oure fortunate enough to have success,you should put something back. 我们都认为,如果你足够幸运获得了成功,你应该有所回报。,-16-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,5.独立成分做状语,其形式不受前后文的影响。如considering.(鉴于/考虑到);generally speaking(一般来说);judging by/from.(从来看,依据来判断);supposing that.(假如);providing that.(假如);owing to.(由于);speaking of.(谈及
15、);given.(考虑到);provided that.(如果);to tell the truth(实话实说);to be honest(老实说)等。 Generally speaking,it is hot in summer in this area. 一般来说,这个地区夏天很热。,-17-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,-18-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,-19-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,注意:find,leave(使处于某种状态),keep(使保持某种状态)后一般跟动词-i
16、ng形式和动词-ed形式做补足语,而不跟动词不定式。 What you said left me thinking. 你所说的令我思考。,-20-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,1.不定式做定语 不定式做定语可表示该动作尚未发生;被修饰的词为ability,chance,idea,fact,promise,attempt,belief等抽象名词时一般用不定式做定语;不定式常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词后做定语;如果做定语的不定式与被修饰的名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词。 (201
17、6四川)Chinese scientists recently had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. 中国科学家最近得到一个研究野生母熊猫和新生熊猫宝宝的良机。,-21-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,他拥有一个机会而且已经成为我们镇上第一个出国的人。 He wanted to find a house to live in. 他想找个房子居住。,-22-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,2.动词-ing形式做定语 当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词
18、之间为主动关系时,用动词-ing形式;当为被动关系且表示动作正在进行时用being done的形式;当被修饰的名词与非谓语动词之间为被动关系且动作已经完成时,要用having been done的形式,having been done不做定语。动词-ing形式做定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或在说话时该动作正在进行,否则就用定语从句。动词-ing形式做定语表示被修饰词的用途时,与被修饰词之间不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。,-23-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,(2016天津)My daughter is a university graduate
19、 working toward her masters degree in English. 我女儿是一名大学毕业生,正努力攻读英语硕士学位。 The houses being built are for the students. 正在盖的这些房子是给学生的。 A sleeping pill will help you to fall asleep quickly. 安眠药会帮助你很快入睡。,-24-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,3.过去分词做定语 过去分词做定语与被修饰词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,表示动作已完成。及物动词过去分词做定语表示被动和完成,少数
20、不及物动词过去分词做定语只表示完成,不表被动。 The retired worker is sweeping the fallen leaves on the road. 这位退休工人正在扫路上的落叶。 (201610月浙江)She still had to run more than half a mile and had only a few minutes left. 她仍需再跑半里多路,而且只剩几分钟了。,-25-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,独立主格结构是英语中的一个特殊短语结构,它只有逻辑上的主语(名词或代词充当)和谓语(一般用非谓语动词、形容词
21、、副词、数词、介词短语来充当),而没有语法意义上的主语和谓语,主要用于书面语中,在口语中不常用,在句子中起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,表示时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随情况等,用于修饰整个句子。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”也是独立主格结构的一种形式。 (2015江苏)Much time spent sitting at a desk,office workers are generally troubled by health problems. 大部分时间都坐在桌前,办公室员工普遍受到健康问题的困扰。,-26-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,(2016天津
22、)Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language,with focused teaching in all 4 skill areasspeaking,listening,reading and writing. 我们的标准课程保证能大大提升你对学习外语的自信,集中教学四个方面的技能:说、听、读、写。 With nothing to do,they went out for a walk. 因无事可做,他们便出去散步了。,-27-,考点二,考点三,考点四
23、,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,1.在“be+表示特征、性质的形容词+不定式”结构中,常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice, comfortable,safe,dangerous,cheap,fit,heavy,happy,glad,sorry,lucky,surprised,angry,able,right,ready,clever,foolish,quick,slow,polite,wrong等。这类形容词往往说明产生这种特性或情绪的原因。要注意不定式中动词要用主动式,
24、且是及物动词或是“不及物动词+介词”的形式。 He is easy to get along with. 他很容易相处。,-28-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点五,考点六,考点一,考点八,考点七,2.不定式与疑问词连用时。 I dont know what to do. 我不知道做什么。 3.某些动词(如blame/seek/let)的不定式与be动词连用时。 He is to blame for the accident. 他应为此次事故负责任。,-29-,.用所给单词的适当形式填空 1.(201711浙江)This isnt as hard as it sounds,and it is f
25、ar better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while reading(read) an interesting piece of literature. 2.(2018北京)Travelling(travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience. 3.(201610,浙江)I drank the rest of my coffee and went to take a shower.Soon after
26、,I was on my way to the show,carrying(carry) a fancy black handbag and a happy smile. 4.(2017全国)This included digging up the road,laying(lay) the track and then building a strong roof over the top.,-30-,5.(2017全国)Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course.But unlike h
27、er school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term resting(rest). 6.(2017全国)But Sarah,who has taken part in shows along with top models,wants to prove(prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. 7.(2017天津)I was watching the clock all through the meeting,as I had a train to catch(catch).
28、 8.(2017天津)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment,allowing(allow) more patients to be treated.,9.(2018北京)During the Mid-Autumn Festival,family members often gather together to share(share) a meal,admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.,-31-,10.(2017北京)The national park has a large co
29、llection of wildlife,ranging(range) from butterflies to elephants.,11.(2017北京)Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend) with his students. 12.(2016江苏)In art criticism,you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden(hide) within the work.,13.(2018北京)Ordinary soap,used(
30、use) correctly,can deal with bacteria effectively. 14.(2018天津)I didnt mean to eat (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help trying(try) it. 15.(2018天津)I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs taken(take).,-32-,16.(2018全国)You may drink,smoke,be overweight
31、and still reduce your risk of dying (die) early by running. 17.(2018全国)The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice to improve (improve) water quality. 18.(2018全国)I quickly lower myself,ducking my head to avoid looking (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged (cha
32、llenge). 19.(2018全国)Once his message was delivered,he allowed me to stay(stay) and watch. 20.(2018浙江)I still remember visiting(visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time.,-33-,.根据内容和所给提示完成下面短文 Water problems in the future wil
33、l become more serious.On the one hand,our 1.increasing(increase) population will greatly increase the citys waste,mainly the 2.polluted (pollute) water;on the other hand,3.increasing (increase) demands for water will reduce the amount of water available for 4.diluting (dilute)(冲淡) waste.Rapidly deve
34、loping industries will produce larger quantities of liquid(液体) waste,much of which contains chemicals that are harmful. 5. To feed (feed) our rapidly increasing amounts,agriculture will have to be developed greatly.This will produce ever increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals.From this,it i
35、s obvious that more steps must be 6.taken (take) immediately 7.to solve(solve) the pollution problem.,-34-,There are two ways in which the pollution levels can be 8.reduced (reduce).This is connected with the processing of treatment of the solid and liquid waste,to permit the reuse of the water or r
36、educe pollution upon final treatment. The second way is 9.to develop(develop) an economic(经济的) use of all or a part of the waste.Farm manure(肥料) is 10.spread(spread) in fields.Liquid waste from plants that treat polluted water is used in some areas for irrigation. Liquid waste from other processing plants may also be 11. used (use) as an extra source of water.Many industries,such as meat and poultry processing plants,are currently 12. changing (change) former waste products into makeable by-products.Other industries are exploring possible economic uses for their waste products.,
