1、专题九 虚拟语气,-2-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,1.表示与现在事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语动词用过去式(be的过去式用were);主句中谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形。 (201610浙江)If it were not stopped that long train,full of passengers would fall into the stream. 如果那列长长的满载乘客的火车不被拦住,全部乘客就会掉入溪流中。,2.表示与过去事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语用had+过去分词;主句中谓语用would/should/could/might+hav
2、e+过去分词。 (2017北京)If the new safety system had been put to use,the accident would never have happened. 如果新的安全系统投入使用,这次事故就不会发生了。,-3-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,3.表示与将来的事实相反:条件状语从句中谓语用过去式或should+动词原形或were to+动词原形;主句中谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形。 (201610浙江)If she should slip,she would fall between the sleepers,
3、into the rapidly flowing stream. 如果她滑一跤,她就会从枕木间的空隙中掉入急流中。 4.虚拟条件句 有时候假设的情况不以if引导的条件句形式表现出来,而是通过一个介词短语、连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有:without,with,but for(要是没有),otherwise,or,but等。,-4-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway wouldnt have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. 如果没有战时的经历,海明威
4、就不会写出他的著名小说永别了,武器。 But for your advice,I could not have done it so successfully. 要是没有你的建议,我就不会这么成功。 (2017天津)Do you have Bettys phone number? Yes.Otherwise,I wouldnt have been able to reach her yesterday. 你有贝蒂的电话号码吗? 是的。否则,我昨天就不能联系到她了。,-5-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,They were abroad during the months when we we
5、re carrying out the investigation,or they would have come to our help. 我们开展这项调查的几个月间他们在国外,否则他们会来帮助我们的。,-6-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,5.错综时间条件句中的虚拟语气 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为“错综时间条件句”,动词的形式要根据主从句所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 If we had booked a table earlier,we wouldnt be standing here in a queue. 如果我们早点儿预订一张桌子,我们就不用
6、站在这儿排队了。(从句说的是过去的情况,主句说的是现在的情况) If I were you,I would have gone abroad. 如果我是你,我就会出国了。(从句说的是现在的情况,主句说的是过去的情况),-7-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,6.省略if的虚拟语气 如果if从句中含有were/should/had时,则可以省略if,把这三个词置于句首,采用倒装语序。 If I were you,I would go to the party.Were I you,I would go to the party. 如果我是你,我会去参加聚会。 If it should happe
7、n,what would you do?Should it happen,what would you do? 如果那件事真的发生了,你会做什么? If you had come earlier,you would catch the bus.Had you come earlier,you would catch the bus. 如果你早点来的话,你就赶上那辆公交车了。,-8-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,在wish后的宾语从句中,表示与现在或过去的事实相反,或对将来的主观愿望,从句中通常用虚拟语气。从句中谓语的构成形式为: 1.表示对现在情况的虚拟,从句中谓语动词用过去式(be动词用
8、were)。 Do you like the school? Yeah.I only wish the classes were a little smaller. 你喜欢这个学校吗? 是的。我只希望我们的班级小一些。,-9-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,2.表示对过去情况的虚拟,从句中谓语常用had+过去分词。 I wish I had been at my sisters wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then. 我多么希望自己上个星期二能参加姐姐的婚礼呀,可是我当时正在纽约出差。 3.表示对
9、将来的主观愿望,从句中谓语常用would/could/might+动词原形。 I wish it would be fine tomorrow. 我希望明天有个好天气。,-10-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,1.表示“建议,要求,命令”的动词:一坚持(insist),二命令(order,command),三建议(suggest,recommend,advise),四要求(demand,require,request,ask)后面的宾语从句或由it做形式主语的主语从句中的谓语要用“(should+) 动词原形”。这些动词相应的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中的谓语也要用“(should+) 动
10、词原形”。 The teacher ordered that the homework (should) be handed in on time.老师要求我们按时上交作业。 Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way. 有些心理学家建议小孩应该以这种方式来了解的不仅仅是这个物质世界。,-11-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,Thus,Papa insisted that we learn at least one new th
11、ing each day. 因此,爸爸坚持要求我们每天至少学一样新东西。 注意:suggest当“表明,暗示”讲时,不用虚拟语气;insist 当“坚持认为”讲时,不用虚拟语气。 The smile on his face suggested he was happy. 他脸上的笑容表明他很开心。 The boy insisted he hadnt stolen the money. 那个男孩坚持说他没有偷钱。,-12-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,2.在It is important/strange/natural/necessary/a pity/a shame等+that从句,表示情
12、绪、观点等,主语从句中的谓语用“(should+) 动词原形”。 It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer. 遗憾的是他拒绝接受那个提议。,-13-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,1.在as if/as though引导的状语从句中,若从句与事实相反,则要用虚拟语气。具体情况如下: 当从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生时,从句谓语动词用过去式。 当从句的动作发生于主句的动作之前时,从句谓语动词用过去完成式。 He talks as if he knew all about it. 他谈论起来好像他知道一切一样。 He wal
13、ked in as if he had bought the school. 他走进来好像他已经买下了学校一样。,-14-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,2.在It is(high)time that.句型中也用虚拟语气,从句谓语动词常用过去式,表示“是时候做了”,含“建议”的意味。 Jack is a great talker.Its high time that he did something instead of just talking. 杰克是个空谈家。到了他做点事而不是夸夸其谈的时候了。,-15-,考点二,考点三,考点四,考点一,3.would rather后接动词原形,但接从
14、句时要用虚拟语气(宁愿,但愿)。具体情况如下: 当从句表示与现在或将来事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式。 当从句表示与过去事实相反时,谓语动词用过去完成式。 We would rather our daughter stayed at home with us,but it is her choice,and she is not a child any longer. 我宁愿女儿和我们一起待在家里,但是她可以自己作出选择,毕竟她不是小孩了。 Id rather you hadnt told Mike the bad news. 我宁愿你没有告诉迈克那个坏消息。,-16-,考点二,考点三,考点
15、四,考点一,4.if only “要是就好了”。表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用过去式;表示与过去事实相反的愿望时,句子谓语动词用过去完成式。 If only I had passed the driving test last week! 要是我通过了上周的驾驶考试就好了! (201610浙江)If only she had not left her mobile phone in that bag with Tom. 要是她没把手机落在汤姆的那个包里就好了!,-17-,.用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1.(2016江苏)If it had not been(be) for
16、 his invitation the other day,I should not be here now. 2.(2016天津)I was wearing a seatbelt.If I hadnt been wearing (not wear) one,I would have been injured.,解析:根据语境里the other day可知,从句是表示与过去相反的假设,主句表示的是与现在事实相反的假设。由此可知,从句应用过去完成时,故填had not been。,解析:根据前一句was wearing可知,从句是与过去相反的假设,而且动作是延续性的,所以从句用过去完成进行时。
17、,-18-,3.(2016浙江)Had the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDS-related deaths would not have fallen (not fall) since their highest in 2005. 4.It is required that under no circumstances should we betray ourselves even if there are temptations like money or beauty.,解析:根据前一句结构可知,此处是if引导的虚拟
18、条件句,省略了if构成倒装句,再结合“had worked”可知,从句表示与过去事实相反的假设。故用would not have fallen。,解析:根据主句谓语require可知,从句应是虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”结构,且后一句动词betray是原形,故填should。,-19-,5.He must have completed his work;otherwise,he wouldnt (not) be enjoying himself by the seaside now. 6.(2016四川)If you could have/had(have) one superpow
19、er,what would it be?,解析:句意:他一定完成了工作,否则他现在不会在海边玩得那么开心。根据语境及otherwise可知,此处表示对现在的假设。,解析:此句是表示将来或现在事实相反的假设条件句,故可有多个答案。,-20-,7.It is lucky we booked a room,or we would have(have) nowhere to stay now. 8.If I hadnt seen(see) it with my own eyes,I wouldnt have believed it.,解析:句意:幸亏我们订了房间,否则现在将没有地方住。分析语境可知,此
20、处表示与现在事实相反的假设。故填would have。,解析:句意:如果不是我亲眼所见,我简直不能相信(这是真的)。根据主句的谓语动词wouldnt have believed可知,此处表示对过去情况的虚拟,所以条件句用过去完成时。,-21-,10.Without smart phones,people would be(be) closer to each other. Er,it seems to be high tech that has widened the distance between people.,解析:句意:没有智能手机,人与人之间会走得更近。嗯,似乎正是高科技使得人与人
21、之间关系疏远了。without.表示的是含蓄虚拟条件,句子说的是与现在事实相反的情况,所以句子的谓语动词用would/could/should/might+动词原形。故用would be。,9.(2018江苏)There is a good social life in the village,and I wish I had(have) a second chance to become more involved.,11.(2018北京)They might have found a better hotel if they had driven(drive) a few more kil
22、ometers.,-22-,.完成句子 1.你摔下来的时候要不是我站在梯子下面接住你,你现在就不会站在这里笑了。 If I hadnt stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell,you wouldnt be smiling here now. 2.他不可能跟他们不打招呼就离开,因为他一直是个有礼貌的人。 He couldnt have left without saying goodbye to them,for he always has good manners. 3.这个男孩可能考试又不及格,如果是那样的话,他母亲会很失望的。 T
23、he boy might fail the test again.In that case,his mother will be very disappointed.,-23-,4.噢,我觉得胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。 Oh,Im not feeling well in the stomach.I shouldnt have eaten so much fried chicken just now. 5.幸亏飞行员在那场可怕的风暴中保持镇静,要不然这场事故是不可避免的。 The pilot kept calm in the terrible storm;otherwise the accident wouldnt have been prevented.,
