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1、16.1 传感器及其工作原理课堂 10分钟达标1.(2018延边高二检测)光敏电阻能将光信号转化为电信号是因为 ( )A.光照强度发生变化时,光敏电阻的阻值也发生变化B.光照强度发生变化时,光敏电阻的体积也发生变化C.光照强度发生变化时,光敏电阻的长度也发生变化D.光照强度发生变化时,光敏电阻的横截面积也发生变化【解析】选 A。光敏电阻在光照射强度发生变化时,其阻值发生变化,将光信号转化为电信号,A 正确。2.(2018蚌埠高二检测)下面哪些技术中,没有涉及传感器的应用的是 ( )A.声控开关B.工厂、电站的静电除尘C.宾馆的自动门D.家用电饭煲从加热到保温的自动切换【解析】选 B。走廊照明灯

2、的声控开关,实际上是将声波转化成电信号,利用了传感器;工厂、电站的静电除尘是利用了带电微粒在电场中偏转,没涉及传感器;宾馆的自动门是把人反射出来的红外线转化为电信号,利用了传感器;电饭煲工作时,当温度达到某特定值时,永磁体与感温磁体开始分离,会自动切断电源,利用了温度传感器。3.如图所示,将多用电表的选择开关置于欧姆挡,再将电表的表笔与一光敏电阻的两端相连,此时表笔的指针恰好在表的中央,若用黑纸把光敏电阻包住,电表指针将向 ( )A.左偏 B.右偏C.不偏 D.不能确定【解析】选 A。因光敏电阻的阻值随光照强度增大而减小,故若用黑纸把光敏电阻包住,则光敏电阻的阻值变大,所以欧姆表指针向左偏转。

3、故选 A。4.下列说法错误的是 ( )A.干簧管是一种由磁场控制的开关B.楼道里的灯只有天黑时出现声音才亮,说明它的控制电路中只有声传感器2C.光敏电阻能够把光信号转换成电信号D.负温度系数的热敏电阻在温度升高时电阻减小【解析】选 B。干簧管是一种能够感知磁场的传感器,故 A正确;楼道里的灯只有天黑时出现声音才亮,说明它的控制电路中既有声传感器,又有光传感器,故 B错误;光敏电阻是半导体材料,光照强度增加电阻减小,故 C正确;负温度系数的热敏电阻在温度升高时电阻减小。故 D正确。5.(多选)(能力挑战题)在温控电路中,通过热敏电阻阻值随温度的变化可实现对电路相关物理量的控制。如图所示的电路中,

4、R 1为定值电阻,R 2为半导体热敏电阻,C 为电容器。当环境温度降低时 ( )A.电容器 C的带电量增大B.电压表的读数增大C.电容器 C两板间的电场强度减小D.R1消耗的功率增大【解题指南】半导体热敏电阻属于负温度系数热敏电阻,温度越高电阻越小。解此类问题时,R2类似于一个滑动变阻器。当环境温度降低时,就相当于改变了滑动变阻器的触头,使电阻增大。【解析】选 A、B。R 2为半导体热敏电阻,环境温度降低时,R 2变大,电路的总电阻变大,由 I=知 I变小, 又 U=E-Ir,电压表的读数 U增大,B 正确;又由 U1=IR1及 P1=I2R1可知 U1变小,E总R1消耗的功率 P1变小,D 错误;电容器两板间的电压 U2=U-U1,U2变大,由场强 E= ,Q=CU2可知 Q、E都增大,故 A正确,C 错误。

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