七年级语文下册第三单元12短文两篇陋室铭阅读知识梳理素材冀教版20190115141.doc

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1、1陋室铭唐刘禹锡【原文】山不在高,有仙则名。水不在深,有龙则灵。斯是陋室,惟吾德馨。苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青。谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁。可以调素琴,阅金经。无丝竹之 乱耳,无案牍之劳形 。南阳诸葛庐,西蜀子云亭 。孔子云:“何陋之有?”一、重点字词1古今异义无案牍之劳形古义:_形体,身体_ 今义:形状,样子2词类活用(1)名词用作动词山不在高,有仙则名原意:名字,在文中的意思:_出名 _苔痕上阶绿原意:方位名词,在文中的意思:_长到,蔓上_(2)形容词用作动词无丝竹之乱耳原意:混乱,在文中的意思:_使混乱、扰乱_水不在深,有龙则灵原意:灵异,在文中的意思:_显出灵异_3重点实词(1)斯是陋室 斯:

2、这_陋:_简陋的_(2)惟吾德馨 惟:_只_2馨: _散布得很远的香气,这里指(品德)高尚_(3)谈笑有鸿儒 鸿:_ 大_(4)往来无白丁 白丁:_没有官职的人,平民。这里指没有学问 的人_(5)调素琴 调:_弹奏_素:_不加装饰的_(6)阅 金经 金经:_指佛经_(7)无案 牍之劳形 案牍:_ 官府的公文_二、文言虚词无丝竹之乱耳_助词,用于主谓之间,取消句子独立性,不译何陋 之有_结构助词,宾语前置的标志_三、句子翻译1斯是陋室,惟吾德馨。_这是简陋的屋子,只是我(住屋的人)有美好的 德行(就不感到简陋了 )。_2苔痕上阶绿,草色入帘青。_苔藓给阶前铺上绿毯,芳草把帘内映得碧青。_3无丝

3、竹之乱耳,无案牍之劳形 。_没有(嘈杂的)管弦之声扰乱双耳,没有官府的公文 劳累身心。_4孔子云:“何陋之有?”_孔子说:有什么简陋的呢?_四、文意理解1本文是从哪 些方面描写陋室的?_生活环境,“斯是陋室,惟吾德馨”;交 往人物, “谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁”;日常生活,“无丝竹之乱耳 ,无案牍之劳形” 。_2结合全文思考,文章写“诸葛庐、子云亭”有什么作用?_示例:作者采用类比的手法,以历史上两个知名 人物的名室和自己的陋室作比,说明陋室不陋的原因是主人品德高尚,即“惟吾德馨 ”。_3从全文内容看,作者具有怎样的生活情趣?3_高雅脱俗 ,安贫乐道。_4有人 认为本文反映了作者消极避世的态度,你同意这种看法 吗?为什 么?_远离官场,是因为作者长期遭受贬谪,更不愿与贪官污吏同流合污,可见他高洁傲岸的节操,并不是消极避世。_

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