1、MIL-STD-1399A(NAVY)Section 072.224 October 1991SUPERSEDINGMIL-STD-1399(NAVY)Section 072.21 December 1976MILITARY STANDARDINTERFACE STANDARDFOR SHIPBOARD SYSTEMSSECTION 072.2BLAST ENVIRONMENT, GUN MUZZLEAMSC N/A FSC 1990DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
2、Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-FOREWORD1. This Military Standard is approved for use by all departments and agencies of the Departmento
3、f Defense.2 Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which maybe of use in improving this document should be addressed to: Commander, Naval Sea Systems.Command, Sea 5523. Department of the Navy, Washington, DC 20362-5101, by using the self-addressed Standard
4、ization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426) appearing at the endof this document, or by letter.3. Navy ships are subject to the blast created by firing their own guns. The blast environment isvariable both in its nature and in its effects which may weaken or deform ship structure anddegrade
5、 the performance of shipboard systems and equipment. To reduce the potentially adverseeffects of the blast environment, ship structure is required to meet estabished design standards,while ship systems and equipment must be protected through proper arrangement and installationpractices.iProvided by
6、IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Provided by IHSNot
7、 for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MlL-STD-1399A(NAVY)Section 07221. SCOPE1.1 Purpose Policies and prodcures established by MIL-STD-1399 are mandatory. (Thissection defines the standard interface requirements for the design of system, equipment, andstruct
8、ure which may be subjected to the blast generated by own ship guns.) This section and thebasic standard are to be viewed as an integral single document.1.2 Scope. This section addresses the interface characteristics of gun blast effects for ship gunsranging from 78 millimeter (mm), 3 inch/50 to 16 i
9、nch/50, and the characteristics of Hi-Fragammunition versus standard ammunition. Small caliber guns, such as Close-in-Weapon System(CIWS) are excluded since they produce insignificant blast effects, and may generally be ignoredfor ship and equipment design purposes.1.3 Interfaces. The basic characte
10、ristics and constraint categories of this interface are shownsymbolically in figure 1. The specific interface characteristics and constraints pertinent to thissection are described in section 5.1.4 Applicability. The criteria of this section are applicable to new ship acquisitions,modernizations, or
11、 conversions, and to system and equipment intended for installation on boardsuch ships. Systems and equipment intended for installation on board active fleet ships shallpossess blast resistance characteristics not less than those originally required for the ship inquestion. The criteria of this sect
12、ion apply only to ships designed for the installation of guns.2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS2.1 Government publications. The following Government publications form a part of thisdocument to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise specified, the issues are those cited inthe solicitation.PUBLICATIONSNA
13、VAL SEA SYSTEMS COMMAND (NAVSEA)S9072-AJ-MAN-010/BLAST PROT Design Guidance Manual for Gun andMissile Blast Protection.(Application for copies should be addressed to Standardization Document Order Desk, BLDG. 4D,700 Robbins Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094)2.2 Order of precedence. In the event if
14、 a conflict between the text of this document and thereferences cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document,however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained1Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or network
15、ing permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MILSTD-1399A(NAVY)Section 072.23. DEFINITIONS3.1 Gun blast. Gun blast is the high energy shock wave created by a gun when it is fired.The shock wave produces a sudden pressure rise on nearby surfaces with resultant high accelerationshock motions.3.2 Gun bla
16、st debris Gun blast debris are the pieces of plastic and cork plugs, cardboardwads, and fragmenting rotating bands which are ejected from the muzzle at high speed when a gunis fired.3.3 Blast shield. Blast shields are structural plates used to protect an item from damage bygun blast debris and the o
17、verpressure effects of the shock wave.3.4 Gun blast areas. Gun blast areas are designated areas of the ship in the vicinity of gunmounts where the line of fire of the gun mount will subject deck and bulkhead surfaces and theinterior and exterior equipment mounted thereto, to the effects of gun blast
18、 and debris.4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS4.1 General requirements. The specific interface requirements and constraints established hereinare mandatory and shall be adhered to by SYSCOMs. Project managers, contractors, and all others engaged in any aspect of shipboard design to which these requirements and
19、 constraints applyincluding systems/equipment design, production, and installation.5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS5.1 General considerations. The firing of ships guns creates high localized overpressures, highenergy debris, and noxious gases within the vicinity of the gun mount The repetitive nature ofthis
20、 environment may cause significant and extensive damage to nearby equipment and structure,and cause discomfort to crew members exposed to the gases. Typical shipboard problems resultingfrom gun blast that require special design considerations to prevent their occurrence, are as follows:a. Electronic
21、 and electrical equipment1. Momentary interruptions2. Circuit breaker tripping3. Mechanical damageb. Lights1. Shattered glass2. Broken lighting filamentsProvided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-3. Fatigue failure ofc. ventilation systems1. Spl
22、it ductsMIL-STD-1339A(NAVY)Section 0722mounts2. Noxious gas ingestiond. Piping systems1. Leakage at joints and valves2. Failure of attachmentse. Items attached to plating1. Attachment failures due to flexure of platingf. Structural damage1. Fatigue failures of welded joints2. Bulkhead/deck deformati
23、ons and cracking from repetitive overstressingg. Blast debris1. Puncture damage to “soft” items such as boats, antennas, and missiles on launchers.5.2 Interface characteristics. The interface characteristics of the gun blast environment consistof the following elements:a. Overpressure (see 5.2.1)b.
24、Shock (see 5.2.2)c. Gun ejected debris (see 5.2.3)d. Noxious gas products (see 5.2.4).These characteristics will be present on all ships with installed guns.5.2.1 Overpressure Gun blast is an airborne shock wave (blast wave) created by the suddenrelease of high pressure gas. An object located in the
25、 path of the blast wave experiences a veryrapid increase in pressure as the wave crosses the object which is then followed by a rapid decayto atmospheric pressure as the wave passes by. A characteristic of blast waves is that the blast wavediffracts around objects. Diffraction permits the blast wave
26、 to impinge on objects mounted onbulkheads and decks that are not directly oriented toward the blast source, and to enter into theweather openings of ventilation ducts. Use of Hi-Frag type ammunition results in a more severeblast environment than that produced by conventional ammunition3Provided by
27、IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1399A(NAVY)Section 072.25.2.2 Shock The sharp pressure rise of the blast wave over a very short period of time givesrise to high acceleration motions of the structure and equipment exposed to the blast Blas
28、t-inducedshock motions are dependent upon both the direct pressure load on the item and the response ofthe structure to which the item is attached. Shock motions are experienced by both exterior andinterior mounted equipment.5.2.3 Gun ejected debris Along with the blast wave, particles from plastic
29、and cork plugs,cardboard wads and fragmenting rotating bands are ejected from the muzzle with great force whena gun is fired Because of the high energy with which these particles are ejected, topside equipmentsuch as boats and antennas may be damaged Use of Hi-Frag I type ammunition results in a mor
30、esevere debris environment than that produced by standard ammunition.5.2.4 Noxious gas products The gas fumes resulting from gun fire are an irritant (in smallquantities) to personnel as opposed to an immediate threat to life. The primary hazardouscombustion product of propellant powder is carbon mo
31、noxide.5.3 parameters The gun blast parameters for application to any specific ship or equipmentdesign must be developed on a case basis from:a Gun sizeb. Type of ammunition/propellant usedc. Ship configurationd. Gun train and elevation arcse. Equipment locationThe blast characteristics are determin
32、ed from gun blast curves specific to each gun caliber whichplot free-field overpressure as a function of distance and angle from the muzzle and line of fireas shown on figure 2 for a 5 inch/54 gun. These curves, which when applied to a specific shipconfiguration along with the arcs of gun mount trai
33、n and elevation, determine the local free-fieldoverpressure as shown in the example on figure 3. The actual pressure experienced by any objectsubject to the blast is a function of the free-field overpressure and the angle of blast waveimpingement on the exposed surfaces of the object. The local blas
34、t pressures can be developed byhand for rough approximations, by computer program, or by actual shipboard measurements. Zonesof debris impingement are determined by similar means.5.4 Areas of application. The gun blast areas wilI be designated by the Principal DevelopmentActivity (PDA).5.5 Interface
35、 constraints. Interface characteristics of the gun blast environment impose certainconstraints on the design of ship structure, and on the design and installation of systems andequipment. These constraints are described in 5.5.1 through 5.5.3.4Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networki
36、ng permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1399A(NAVY)Section 07225.5.1 System/equipment location and installation criteria. To the maximum extent practicable,equipment which may be damaged by or malfunction as a result of the gun blast interfacecharacteristics, shall be located out of design
37、ated gun blast areas. The susceptibility of equipmentto damage by gun blast shall be determined by the developing activity. Items located in blast areasshall be installed, shielded or othewise protected in accordance with NAVSEA S9072-AJ-MAN-010/BLAST PROT and other applicable specifications5.5.2 We
38、ather openings. Weather openings for heating, ventilation, air conditioning, orcollective protection systems shall not be located in blast areas. In cases where compliance withthese requirementsis unrealistic, protective devices Shall be provided. such protective devicesinclude automatic closure dev
39、ices to prevent ingestion of fumes, structural reinforcement ofductwork, and louvers at weather openings to prevent the entry of the blast wave into the duct.NAVSEA S9072-AJ-MAN-01 O/BLAST PROT provides further guidance for the protection ofweather openings.5.5.3 Structural design. Ship structure lo
40、cated in gun blast areas is subjected to overpressure,shock, and gun-ejected debris, and shall be designed in accordance with NAVSEA S907Z-AJ-MAN-010/BLAST PROT. Design of shields required in gun blast areas are also addressed in NAVSEAS9072-AJ-MAN-10/BLAST PROT.5.6 Compatibility. Design, location,
41、and installation of ship systems, equipment, and structureshall be compatible with the gun blast interface characteristics given in 5.2 to the extent specifiedby the PDA.5.7 DEVIATIONS5.7.1 Conditions. In achieving the purpose of this section, it is recognized that there must besome flexibility of a
42、pplication. If during the design of ship structure and systems/equipment, itbecomes apparent that significant advantages can be achieved by deviating from the standardcharacteristics specified herein, then the provisions of 5.7.2 shall be complied with.5.7.2 Deviation procedure. When a deviation fro
43、m the requirements of this standard can bejustified, requests for deviation shall be prepared (see 6.2).6. NOTES(This section contains information of a general or explanatory nature that may be helpful, but isnot mandatory.)6.1 Intended use. This standard is to be used in technical development plans
44、 and in designand acquisition specifications for ship acquisitions, modernizations, or , and shipboardsystems and equipment.5Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1399A(NAVY)Section 072.26.2 Data requirements. The following Data Ite
45、m Descriptions (DIDs) must be listed, asapplicable, on the Contract Data Requirements List (DD Form 1423) when this standard is appliedon a contract, in order to obtain the data, expect where DOD FAR Supplement 27.475-1 exemptsthe requirement for a DD Form 1423.Reference paragraph DID No. DID title
46、Suggested tailoring5.7.2 DI-CMAN-80639 Engineer changeProposals (ECPs)5.7.2 DI-CMAN-80644 Engineer ChangeProposals (ECPs)(Short Form)The above DIDs were those chaired as of the date of this standard The current issue of DOD5010.12-L, Acquisition Management Systems and Data Requirements ControI List
47、(AMSDL), mustbe researched to ensure that only current, cleared DIDs are cited on the DD Form 1423.6.36.4Subject term (key word) listing.Gun blastGun blast debrisBlast shieldGun blast areaChanges from previous issue. Marginal notations are not used in this revision to identifychanges with respect to
48、 the previous issue due to the extensiveness of the changes.Review activities: Preparing activityEC, AS, OS NAVY-SH(Project 1990-N071)6Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or netw
