1、MIL-STD-177A 14 August 1969 SUPERSEDING 7 March 1955 MIL-STD-177 MILITARY STANDARD RUBBER PRODUCTS, TERMS FOR VISIBLE DEFECTS OF Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-DEPARTMENT OF DEmTSE WASHINGTOB, D. C. 20301 RUBBER PRODUCTS, mRt.E FOR V
2、ISIBLE DEFECTS OF MIL-TD-177A l. This Military Standard is mandatory for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense. 2, Rocomended corrections, additions, or deletions should be addressed to the Naval Ship Fngineering Center, Center Building, Prince Georges Center, Hyattsville,
3、 kryland 20782. ii Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-iv Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without licen
4、se from IHS-,-,-1. SCOPE includes words currently in general usage with a unique meaning in the rubber industry. Where the term Viubberll is used it includes the synthetic elastomers as well as natural rubber, 1.1 Scope. This standard covers a glossary of terms describing visible defects in rubber p
5、roducts. It 1.2 Purpose. The primary objective of this document is to present definitions of visual defects in rubber products. It is not the purpose of this standard to classify defects as being major or minor. “. - - - “ 2. GLOSSARY OF TER% 2.1 Introduction. Synonymous and similar terms are cross
6、referenced, Vee . . . .II. 2.2 Definitions. . Abrasion: (a) The damaging or wearing away of a surface by friction. (b) In latex goods, thin or picked off spot due to touching another object before dry. Accordion-fold: Folded in alternate directions, producing a wavy condition of the fabric strip in
7、the cross-section. Acid cut11 In latex goods, a run, fault or thin spot. Adhesion failure: Weakness of bond between materials or bond separation. Adhesion, faulty or poor: (a) Failure of one material to adhere to another. (b) Detachment where adhesion is desired. See also delam ami nation. Adhesion
8、insufficient: See IIAdhesion failure“. Agglomeration: Unification of small particles into groups. Loosely refers to undispersed material. in a liquid or plastic medium such as rubber. Aggregation: The tendency of small particles to cluster loosely together. Incomplete dispersion Air cell: Sealed poc
9、kets or bubbles in article causing protrusion on surface. Air check, mark, lock, shot, or trap: Surface marking and despression due to trapped air in curing. Air chute: Surface depression, of a pattern indicated by the name. See also “Air checkt!. Air pocket: A void, usually in footwear due to ply s
10、eparation. See “Air checkt and “Channellf. IIFilll and IlAir check“. Air spot: In molded goods, surface unevenness due to failure of stock to fill mold. See also Alligatoring: Surface crazing or checking of a pattern indicated by the name, usually caused by aging or weathering. Anchorage: Adhesion o
11、f rubber to base cloth, metal or other material. Atmospheric cracking: Surface fissures deeper than crazing, caused by aging or weathering. The principal cause for deterioration is atmospheric oxygen and ozone. See “Ozone cracking“. Backflash or backflow: Distortion at the mold line, usually in the
12、form of wrinkles, folds, tears, or indentations. Severe cases may cause overall dimensional changes. Backrinding : See IIBackflashfl. Ed corner: In cellular rubber, usu+ly void or.lack of proper fill in the corners, .- . Bald spot: Uncoated area in the fabric. Band, Defective: Defects in a strip of
13、rubber or rubberized fabric. (a) Torn - A cut or tear. (b) Pinched - A deformation or contraction. (c) Wrinkled - A ridge, furrow, or crease. 1 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-377A 73 W 9977933 0015B7b 2 m MGSTTD.177A 14 Augus
14、t 1969 Bar: A mark caused when coating machine is stopped. See Brrr mark: Surface mark or indentation by the bars of a festooning oven or chamber used for sus- pension of the coated fabric during vulvanieing or similar operation. %re back: A textile or duck face which is free of any coating or cover
15、ing. Bare tread: See “Light tread“. Bead: In latex goods, a surface protrusion caused by excess latex. See WuP. Bias: Usuallyused as an adjective for fabrics, denoting diagonal placement at an angle of less than 900 to the principal axis; in this sense it is not a defect. However, it may denote a de
16、fect in the sense of an articls being %rryf*. used for liquid materials. (b) Uhen certain ingredients in wlcanized rubber tend to migrate into an ad- jacent piece of rubber of different composition, causing discoioration. For example the staining of white eidsualls by carcass stock in tires. Bleedin
17、g: (a) Kigration of an ingredient to surface to form an oily film, or beads, term usually Blemieh: Surface inperfection which does not affect performance. Blieter: A void or hole in article, causes protrusion on surface when hot, may not show on surface when cold, nay be covered or open, Blister, cr
18、otch: In gloves, an open void, pit or blister occurring where the fingers and thumb fork from the pulm part of the glove. Bliaters, railroad: Blisters in a definite pattern, as indicated by nme. Bloat: Swelling, more particularly as in bulging of a cement container. Blocking: Adhesion between touchi
19、ng layers of material. Block mark: Scar or mark on a nolded article showing general contour of the original raw biscuit or preform. Bloom: (a) taterial migrating to surface, term usually used for solid materials (liquids usually Got to be confused with dust on the surface from external sources, refe
20、rred to as Weedingll). (b) To form a blush or discoloration, For example - sulfur bloom, wax bloom. Blov: A soft area caused by porosity below the surface. Blow hole: A void, blister, or boil. Blow-up: A blister between plies of an article, Blow, otrong: In cellular rubber, over-expansion. Blou, m a
21、lso too close-textured stock, In raw stock, Boil: A aealed pocket, bubble or trapped gas causing a protrusion on the surface of the article. Banding, faulty or poor: See lrAdhesionll, Bootlegging: Progremive ply delamination. Term particularly used in belts of separate plies, Eaf: (a) Depression in
22、surface, may describe a collapsed blister. (b) Curve or displacement in filling threads in fabric. 2 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STLL177A 14 August 1969 Braid photographing: Bas-relief or outline ofthe reinforcement showing on
23、 the surface. Not specifically a defect but may indicate an undergage cover. Braid stop: An unevenness or neckdown in a braid reinforcement, due to application of one or more ends at a greater tension than the rest. Braided smash: A break in one or more ends in a braided reinforcement. Branchings: (
24、a) Lines, cracks or fissures of a definite pattern as indicated by the name. See Vlow marks! and Wnit marksll. (b) In latex see Wmburstl and lTreeingl. Brand mark: The mark used to establish the identity of the finished rubber product. Break: A crack or split. Breakdown: In electrical testing, punct
25、ure of an insulation by an applied voltage, usually expressed as volts per mil. thickness. Breakthrough: Tear or hole, as a puncture in a hose wall or a split in cellular rubber skin. Brittleness: Tendency to crack or snap vhen subjected to deformation. Broken pick: See Wispick“. Bruise: (a) In late
26、x and coated goods, a scar caused by an uncured rubber article striking an object. See lTouch“. (b) Damage to a cured article, as in a sidewall in tires. Bubble: Small covered hole, usually near surface. See I1Boill1. Buckling: bJrinkling, folding or buckling where one layer of rubberized fabric or
27、rubber compound is not adhering smoothly to another. See also Dog leg“. Buckled ply: See “Buckling“. Buckshot: A group of circular thin spots or surface depressions. See 1lPock mark!. Buffing mark: Nick, undergage spot, or mark caused by excessive buffing. Bulge: A protrusion which may be caused by
28、ply separation in plie an operation not considered a defect, Diffusion: (a) Running or 11strikingll through as in frictioning. Dimple: Small surface depression, ICSy describe a collapsed blister, art: Foreign material, usually internal. Discoloration: Staining. Also any change in color from the stan
29、dard or original. See also I1Fadingl1. Dished: Surface with a spherical or spheroid concave depression. Antonym of Ildomedgl. Dispersion, poor: Compounding or filler material non-homogenous with base matrix. See also !Filler apockll, Doctor mark or streak: Streak or ridge in coated fabrics caused by
30、 damaged doctor blade. Dog ear: Surface slit of a pattern indicated by the nem. Particularly describing a squeezed-out blister in thin gage conveyor belt covers. hg-leg: (a) In V-belts, a fold, pleat or doubling back of cord members. (b) In lead press cured hose, a bend. Bogskin: Very small surface
31、irregularities of a pattern indicated by the name. Domed: Surface with a convex spherical or spheroid protrusion. Opposite of Ildished“. hubling: Folding of material surfaces against each other during processing. See Wmbining, faulty“ . mag-down: (a) Thinning in gage or narrowing in width of a sheet
32、 by tension in windup. (b) In tires, bead out position or distortion of surrounding fabric. (c) In dipped goods, excess material. Drift: See I1Creeplr, Drop ply: Omission of a reinforcing layer of fabric. Dry stock: Lack of tackiness. 6 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking perm
33、itted without license from IHS-,-,-Duck on edge: Exposed threads through cover stock of reinforcing fabric. Dull finish: Lack of lustre or gloss. Ear: Unadhered fold-in surface. Kay refer to cured-down blister. Eccentric: (a) Off center. (b) In packing, having an axis not coincident with the usually
34、 appearing at mold parting line or mold vent points. See 11Flash“ and 1%indl1. Finish, poor: (a) Blemished surface. (b) Incomplete or faulty finishing operations, such as trimming, buffing, and tumbling. Fish eye: See “Cat eye“. Fish scaling: Overlap of thin unadhered surfaces of a definite pattern
35、as indicated by the name. Flaking: In footwear, separation of the edges of heavy gage OUtSOleS. Flash: Spew-out of material at mold parting line, forming an attached layer or skirt, which is usually removed from the product. Flashback: See “Backflash“. Flash pickout: Katerial.missing at mold parting
36、 line. See also WackrindingTt. Flat spot: Level area not following prescribed contour. 7 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-I.IIG.STD.171A II, August 1969 Flatting or flattening: Distorted contour, thinness or weakness, usually occurring
37、 prior to or during cure, due to lack of stiffness of raw stock. See lfDeformationll. Flex cracking: A surface cracking produced by repeated bending or flexing. Floating: A misplaced internal item in the finished product, such as a floating washer in a heel. Floating fabric: The condition where a re
38、inforcing fabric is not in the correct position. Flocculation: (a) The tendency of particles of certain finely divided powders to gather into loose flakes or floc8 when dispersion of the substances in a liquid or plastic medium such as rubber is attomptod, (b) Incomplete dispersion when the disperse
39、 component is not properly wetted by the dispersion Eedim. In latices, usually caused due to insufficient ball milling of dispersions. (c) Denotes coagu- lation of colloid sols. See “Dispersion, poor“ and “Filler speck“. FOW distortion: Twisted or misshapen. Flow cracks: Surface imperfections due to
40、 improper flow and failure of stock to knit or blend with itself during lcolding operation, Flot! marks or lines: Similar to flow cracks but the depressions are not quite as deep. Flow-over: A surface crack sometimes not apparent until article is bent or flexed. See also “Knit marklt. Flowery: In cu
41、t sheet or lathe-cut gaskets, frost-like flowers due to poor dispersion in compound. Fog, foggy: See Vuld1*. Fold: A crease or pleat;. See #Dog legt and IlFoldlXrckl. Foldback: Overlap of material on itself or another material. Also edge turnover or doubled edge. Foldover: See IIFoldbackL. Foreign m
42、aterial: Any extraneous matter such as wood, paper, metal, sand, dirt or pigment that should not normally be present. Friction, poor: Results in poor adhesfon, see !Adhesion, poorll. In general scanty, rough or uneven Frosting: Dulling of a smoth, shiny surface of rubber. It is frosted in appearance
43、 and different application in the frlctioning operation. from bloom, and it cannot be renioved by solution. It is caused by atrmspheric deterioration (warm, humid, or ozonized air), which produces a maze of minute cracks. Euzzy surface: A surface with lint or small threads embedded in it. Gas pocket
44、 or trap: Large void in cellular rubber. See “Air checkI1. Gelation: Jelly-like condition. In colloidal solutions, change from sol to gel. Grease mark: See t%xcessive lubricanttl. Growth: In tires, any dimensional increase during service. Hazing: IXilling of the finish. See Wm.lking8I or Wrostingtl.
45、 Heater damage: Defects like “bump marks“ occurring during an air or open steam curing operation. uso defects from faulty operation of heater. Heat mark: In semi-continuous curing as in press-cured belts, mark of the overlap area from one heat to the next. See “Charge mark“. Heavy: Overgage or oveme
46、ight material. High spot: A protrusion above the general surface of an object. Holiday: In coated fabrics, or products, a place not covered by coating compound. 8 Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-MIL-STD-1776 14 August 1969 off center
47、condition. Hooding, poor: A condition occurring, particularly in footwear during assembly, resulting in an Horseshoe: Surface slit of a definite pattern as indicated by the name. See Ilhg earll. Hot mold: Defects, usually cracks and cavities, caused by putting uncured material in too hot a mold. Par
48、ticularly in reference to autoclave curing of tires. Imbibition: rubber by oil Absorption of a liquid by a gel accompanied by exparision of the gel, e.g., swelling of Impression top: Surface with ridges or projections. May or may not be a defect. Inclusion: Foreign material in the finished material.
49、 See 11DirtIL. Indentation: Permanent recess or deformation in a surface area formed by an applied force. Internal void: See Wlister“, Woil1I, and “Ply separationll. Kick or kickback: Shrink of extruded or sheeted stock in the direction of extruding or sheeting. Kinking: Temporary or permanent. distortion of a hose or edruded produck, fnduced by winding or doubling upon itself. Knif
