1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationANSI/NEMA C29.11-2012Composite Insulators Test MethodsC29.11-2012 Page i Copyright 2012 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association ANSI/NEMA C29.11-2012 American National Standard Composite Insulators Test Methods Secretari
2、at: National Electrical Manufacturers Association Approved: June 2012 Published: October 11, 2012 American National Standards Institute, Inc. C29.11-2012 Page ii Copyright 2012 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in this publication was considered t
3、echnically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development of this document. American National Standards I
4、nstitute (ANSI) standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons who have an interest in the topic covered by t
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12、e responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement.C29.11-2012 Page iii Copyright 2012 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD Approval of an American National Standard requires verification by ANSI that the requirements for due process, consensus, and ot
13、her criteria for approval have been met by the standards developer. Consensus is established when, in the judgment of the ANSI Board of Standards Review, substantial agreement has been reached by directly and materially affected interests. Substantial agreement means much more than a simple majority
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15、ed the standards or not, from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures not conforming to the standards. The American National Standards Institute does not develop standards and will in no circumstances give an interpretation of any American National Standard.
16、 Moreover, no person shall have the right or authority to issue an interpretation of an American National Standard in the name of the American National Standards Institute. Requests for interpretations should be addressed to the secretariat or sponsor whose name appears on the title page of this sta
17、ndard. Caution Notice: This American National Standard may be revised or withdrawn at any time. The procedures of the American National Standards Institute require that action be taken periodically to reaffirm, revise, or withdraw this standard. Purchasers of American National Standards may receive
18、current information on all standards by calling or writing the American National Standards Institute. Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Rosslyn, VA 22209 g164 Copyright 2012 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association All rights reserved includin
19、g translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic ret
20、rieval system or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America. C29.11-2012 Page iv Copyright 2012 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association FOREWORD (This Foreword is not part of American National Standard C29.11-2012.) The first ed
21、ition of this standard was based on a NEMA proposed standards publication for composite insulators used on overhead transmission lines. It was developed at the request of American National Standards Committee on Insulators for Electric Power Lines, ASC C-29. This standard was processed and approved
22、for submittal to ANSI by ASC C-29. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all committee members voted for approval. At the time it approved this standard, the ASC C-29 Committee had the following members: Rob Christman, Chairman Steve Griffith, Secretary Organization Repr
23、esented: Name of Representative: Edison Electric Institute B. Freimark R. ChristmnEleckley M. GarsWAvey J. Varnr(alt) R. Kluge (alt)G. Obenchain (alt) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers T. Grisham J Hildeth A. Jagtiani J. Kufel A. PhillipsE. Gnandt (alt) National Electrical Manufacture
24、rs Association P. Maloney A. BakerRA. nstorf GPowel . AStwart EKres (l)Z. Lodi (alt) E. Niedospial (alt) A. Schwalm lt)Tennessee Valley Authority J. Nelson Western Area Power Administration R. Clark C29.11-2012 Page v Copyright 2012 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association C29.11-2012 Page v
25、i Copyright 2012 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association TABLE OF CONTENTS Page FOREWORD iv 1 SCOPE . 1 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES . 1 2.1 Referenced American National Standards 1 2.2 Other standards 1 3 DEFINITIONS . 1 3.1 Insulators and Parts 1 3.1.1 Insulator . 1 3.1.2 Line and Apparatus Pos
26、t Insulator . 2 3.1.3 Suspension Insulator 2 3.1.4 Composite Insulator . 2 3.1.5 Core . 2 3.1.6 Housing 2 3.1.7 Weathersheds 2 3.1.8 End Fittings 2 3.1.9 Coupling Zone 2 3.1.10 Interfaces . 2 3.2 Terms Related to Exposure 2 3.2.1 Tracking . 2 3.2.2 Erosion . 3 3.3 Electrical Terms 3 3.3.1 Low-Freque
27、ncy . 3 3.3.2 Low-Frequency Flashover Voltage . 3 3.3.3 Low-Frequency Withstand Voltage 3 3.3.4 Impulse Voltages 3 3.4 Mechanical Terms . 4 3.4.1 Specified Mechanical Load (SML) . 4 3.4.2 Routine Test Load (RTL) 4 3.4.3 Specified Cantilever Load (SCL) . 4 3.4.4 Cantilever Breaking Load (CBL) 4 3.4.5
28、 Reference Cantilever Load (RCL) 4 3.4.6 Ultimate Mechanical Strength.4 3.4.7 Specified Tensile Load (STL) .4 3.5 Miscellaneous 5 3.5.1 Test Specimen . 5 3.5.2 Leakage Distance 5 3.5.3 Dry-Arcing Distance 5 3.5.4 Radio-Influence Voltage . 5 4 CLASSIFICATION OF TESTS . 6 4.1 Prototype Tests . 6 4.2 D
29、esign Tests . 6 4.2.1 Electrical Design 6 4.2.2 Mechanical Design . 6 4.3 Sample Tests 6 4.4 Routine Tests 6 C29.11-2012 Page vii Copyright 2012 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 5 DIMENSIONS . 6 6 MARKING 7 7 PROTOTYPE TESTS . 7 7.1 Tests on Interfaces and Connection of End Fittings
30、. 7 7.1.1 Test Specimens . 7 7.1.2 Low Frequency Dry Flashover Voltage Test 7 7.1.3 Sudden Load Release Test-Suspension Insulators Only . 7 7.1.4 Thermal Mechanical Tests . 8 7.1.5 Water Penetration Test 8 7.1.6 Verification Tests 9 7.2 Core Time-Load Test 9 7.2.1 Suspension Insulators 9 7.2.2 Line
31、Posts 10 7.3 Housing Tracking and Erosion Tests 10 7.3.1 Test Specimens . 10 7.3.2 Test Chamber 10 7.3.3 Test Conditions 11 7.3.4 Evaluation . 12 7.4 Core Material Tests . 12 7.4.1 Dye Penetration Test 12 7.4.2 Water Diffusion Test 13 7.5 Flammability Test 13 8 DESIGN TESTS . 13 8.1 Test-Specimen Mo
32、unting for Electrical Tests . 13 8.1.1 Suspension Insulators 14 8.1.2 Line Insulators (Post) . 14 8.1.3 Apparatus Insulators (Post) 14 8.2 Electrical Tests 15 8.2.1 Low-Frequency Voltage Dry Flashover Test 15 8.2.2 Low-Frequency Voltage Wet Flashover Test . 17 8.2.3 Low-Frequency Voltage Dry Withsta
33、nd Test 17 8.2.4 Low-Frequency Wet Withstand Test 18 8.2.5 Switching Critical-Impulse Flashover Test . 20 8.2.6 Impulse Flashover Voltage Tests . 20 8.2.7 Impulse Withstand Voltage Test 20 8.2.8 Radio-Influence Voltage Tests . 21 8.3 Mechanical Tests 22 8.3.1 Ultimate Mechanical-Strength Tests 22 8.
34、3.2 Compression Withstand Load Test (Post) . 23 9 SAMPLE TESTS 24 9.1 Sample Selection 24 9.2 Verification of Dimensions . 24 9.3 Verification of the Locking System 24 9.4 Mechanical Load Test-Tension . 24 9.4.1 Test Samples . 24 9.4.2 Suspension Insulators (SML) . 24 9.4.3 Line Post Insulators (STL
35、) . 25 9.5 Verification of Cantilever Strength Test (Pin, Post) . 25 9.5.1 Test Setup 25 9.5.2 Cantilever Strength Verification 25 9.5.3 Cantilever Breaking Load (CBL) Test 25 C29.11-2012 Page viii Copyright 2012 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 9.6 Galvanizing Test 25 9.7 Retest Pro
36、cedure for Sample Tests 26 10 ROUTINE TESTS . 26 10.1 Mechanical Tests 26 10.1.1 Suspension Insulators 26 10.1.2 Line and Apparatus Post Insulators . 26 10.2 Visual Examinations 26 ANNEX AA-1 FIGURES 10-1 LOW-FREQUENCY HUMIDITY CORRECTION FACTORS . 27 10-2 IMPULSE HUMIDITY CORRECTION FACTORS . 27 10
37、-3 THERMAL MECHANICAL TEST (SUSPENSION INSULATORS). . 28 10-4 THERMAL MECHANICAL TEST (LINE POST). . 29 10-5 THERMAL MECHANICAL TEST (LINE POST 70 KV) . 30 10-6 ELECTRODES FOR CORE MATERIAL TEST . 31 C29.11-2012 Page ix Copyright 2012 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association C29.11-2012 Page
38、 1 Copyright 2012 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association Composite InsulatorsTest Methods 1 SCOPE This standard comprises a manual of test methods to be followed in making tests to determine the characteristics of composite electrical power insulators, as defined herein. 2 NORMATIVE REFERE
39、NCES 2.1 Referenced American National Standards This standard is intended to be used in conjunction with the following American National Standards. When these standards are superseded by a revision approved by the American National Standards Institute, the revision shall apply. ANSI C29.1-1988 (R200
40、2, R2012) Test Methods of Electrical Power Insulators ANSI/IEEE 4-1995 Techniques for High-Voltage Testing ANSI/IEEE 100-1984 Dictionary of Electrical and Electronics Terms 2.2 Other Standards IEC 60695-11-10 Fire Hazard Testing Part 11-10: Test Flames 50 W Horizontal and Vertical Flame Test Methods
41、 NEMA 107-1987 (R1993) Methods of Measurement of Radio Influence Voltage (RIV) of High-Voltage Apparatus ISO-3452-1: 2008 Non-Destructive TestingPenetrant Testing Part 1: General Principles ASTM B499-09 Standard Test Method for Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method; Nonmagnetic C
42、oatings on Magnetic Basis Metals. 3 DEFINITIONS 3.1 Insulators and Parts 3.1.1 InsulatorTypes 3.1.1.1 Composite Insulator A composite insulator is made of at least two insulating parts - a core and a housing. It is equipped with end fittings. A composite insulator is a manufactured device intended t
43、o give flexible or rigid mechanical support to electric conductors or equipment while electrically separating these conductors or equipment from ground or from other conductors or equipment. 3.1.1.2 Line and Apparatus Post Insulators A post insulator is an insulator with attached metal parts having
44、means for direct and rigid mounting to a supporting structure and for semi-rigidly supporting conductors. AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/NEMA C29.11-2012 C29.11-2012 Page 2 Copyright 2012 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 3.1.1.3 Suspension Insulator A suspension insulator is an insu
45、lator with attached metal parts having means for non-rigidly supporting electric conductors. 3.1.2 Insulator Parts 3.1.2.1 Core The core is the internal insulating part of a composite insulator. It is intended to carry the mechanical load. It consists mainly of glass fibers positioned in a resin mat
46、rix to develop mechanical strength. 3.1.2.2 Housing The housing is external to the core and protects it from the weather, it may be equipped with weathersheds. Some designs of composite insulators employ a sheath made of insulating material between the weathersheds and the core. This sheath is part
47、of the housing. 3.1.2.3 Weathersheds Weathersheds are insulating parts projecting from the housing or sheath that are intended to increase the leakage distance and to provide an interrupted path for water drainage. 3.1.2.4 End Fittings End fittings transmit the mechanical load to the core. 3.1.2.5 C
48、oupling Zone The coupling zone is the part of the end fitting that transmits the load to the line, to the structure, or to another insulator. It does not include the interface between the core and the end fitting. 3.1.2.6 Interfaces An interface is the surface between different materials. Examples o
49、f interfaces in composite insulators are as follows: a) Glass fiber/impregnating resin b) Filler/polymer c) Core/housing d) Weathershed/weathershed e) Weathershed/sheath f) Housing/end fittings g) Core/end fittings Note: Definitions as given in this section apply specifically to the subjects treated in this standard. For additional definitions, see ANSI/IEEE 100-1984. 3.2 Terms Related to Exposure 3.2.1 Tracking Tracking is the formation of
