1、NEMA Standards PublicationNational Electrical Manufacturers AssociationNEMA LSD 66-2017Understanding the Fluorescent Ballast RuleEPCA 10 CFR 430NEMA LSD 66-2017 Page 1 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association A NEMA Lighting Systems Division Document LSD 66-2017 Understanding the Fluoresce
2、nt Ballast Rule EPCA 10 CFR 430 Prepared by NEMA Ballast Section National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17thStreet, Suite 900 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 Approved: 8/17/2017 Published: 3/1/2018 The requirements or guidelines presented in this document, a NEMA Lighting Systems Division
3、white paper, are considered technically sound at the time they are approved for publication. They are not a substitute for a product sellers or users own judgment with respect to the particular product discussed, and NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer
4、s products by virtue of this document or guide. Thus, NEMA expressly disclaims any responsibility for damages arising from the use, application, or reliance by others on the information contained in these white papers, standards, or guidelines. The opinions expressed in this statement represent the
5、consensus views of the member companies of the Lighting Systems Division of the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. The members of the Lighting Systems Division manufacture indoor and outdoor lamps, which include: incandescent, fluorescent, light-emitting diode, and solid state lamps, lig
6、hting fixtures, and lamp ballasts. NEMA LSD 66-2017 Page 2 CONTENTS 1. Introduction 3 2. References 3 3. Ballast Types and Equations . 4 4. Recommendations 5 5. Questions and Answers 5 NEMA LSD 66-2017 Page 3 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1. Introduction In 2008, Congress began
7、the rulemaking process for fluorescent ballasts as required by the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) 2007. The rule in effect in 2008 only covered the federally regulated T12 lamp ballasts for 4-foot and 8-foot T12 lamps, and ballast efficiency factor (BEF) was the performance metric. As B
8、EF was a system parameter, many factors in the lamp load and photometric measurement system contributed to a wide error range. This error range did not allow the accurate measurement of the small differences in todays high performance electronic ballast. As a result, a new metric was developed, ball
9、ast luminous efficiency (BLE), based solely on electrical measurements. The test plan for the BLE metric measurement is based on the ballast operating a lamp load, and the total arc power of all the lamps is summed and applied to an equation. The equation coefficients are selected based on the balla
10、st type, and the equation then provides the minimum efficiency for the ballast under test. The ballast efficiency is calculated (or directly measured) by dividing the sum of the total arc power by the input power. The calculated ballast efficiency is then compared to the BLE limit from the equation.
11、 If the efficiency of the ballast is equal to or greater than the BLE limit, then the ballast is compliant. The rule became effective January 13, 2012, and required compliance by November 14, 2014. In this rule, all ballast types are covered, including T12, T8, T5, and sign and residential ballasts.
12、 The rule includes an exception for dimming ballasts, Electromagnetic ballasts for electromagnetic interference (EMI)-sensitive areas, and program start ballasts with discharge currents below 140 mA. The rule also brought certain changes to increase the accuracy of existing T12 BEF system measuremen
13、ts until compliance was required under the new rule. These changes include tighter tolerance on reference lamps, specification of fixed voltage reference method for photometrics, and tighter tolerance on laboratory temperature control. Under this rule, BLE is the performance metric, but many luminai
14、re designers depend on the old BEF parameter. In order to provide a BEF number, the BEF may be calculated by first determining the ballast factor (BF), then dividing the BF by the input wattage as was done previously. The change comes with the determination of BF. The new way to determine BF is to t
15、ake the average of the discharge power and divide by the rated discharge power as stated in ANSI C78.81-2010no longer a photometric measurement. Note that BEF can only be calculated as stated. Existing BEF numbers cannot be back calculated to arrive at input wattage or BF. 2. References The followin
16、g publications are adopted in part, by reference in this publication, and are available from the organizations below: ANSI C78.81 American National Standard for Electric LampsDouble Capped Fluorescent LampsDimensional and Electrical Characteristics Test Plan, Test Procedures for Fluorescent Lamp Bal
17、lasts, 76 FR 25211 https:/www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2011-05-04/pdf/2011-10704.pdf Final Rule, Energy Conservation Standards for Fluorescent Lamp Ballasts, 76 FR 70548 https:/www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/appliance_standards/pdfs/flbstandards_finalrule_frnotice.pdf NEMA LSD 66-2017 Page 4 3. Ballast
18、Types and Equations In the above table, all ballasts are evaluated by the same performance: BLE = A/(1+B * total lamp arc power-C) A, B, and C are selected from the table as related to the ballast application type under test. The table makes no distinction between ballasts for 4 foot T8 and 4 foot T
19、12 lamps Note: For magnetic ballast considerations, see the complete rule in the federal register (76 FR 70548). EXAMPLE: The example below shows the process for determining compliance of a typical high performance 2-lamp instant start ballast: Input power is 54.1 watts Arc power lamp 1 is 24.8 watt
20、s Arc power lamp 2 is 24.9 watts Total arc power is 49.7 watts BLE no less than A/(1+B*(total arc power) -C) BLE = 0.993/(1+0.27*(24.8+24.9) -0.25 BLE = 0.901 is a minimum limit; ballast efficiency must equal or exceed this value The actual ballast efficiency is 49.7W/54.1W = 0.918 or 91.8% As 0.918
21、 is greater than 0.901, the ballast is compliant with the 2014 U.S Department of Energy (DOE) requirements. For the BF, the average power is 24.85 watts, the ANSI High Frequency reference current is 29W NEMA LSD 66-2017 Page 5 2017 National Electrical Manufacturers Association BF = 24.85/29.0 = 0.85
22、7 BEF = BF*(100)/Input wattage BEF = 85.7/54.1 = 1.584, which we see is compliant with the existing CEE requirement for NEMA Premium 4. Recommendations Since many utilities and other rebate incentive programs are based on the BEF metric, the BEF tables in use by Consortium for Energy Efficiency (CEE
23、) and others may need values realigned to more accurately capture ballast performance as based on BE and BLE. NEMA will actively engage CEE, utilities, and other interested parties to recommend new performance levels for incentive rebates based on the new performance requirements. 5. Questions and A
24、nswers These are typical questions a ballast manufacturer may ask: Question 1 What is the main difference between the previous rule and this rule? Answer 1 The previous rule only covered ballasts for the federally regulated T12 lamp and this rule covers almost all ballast types (i.e., T5, T8, and T1
25、2). Question 2 How will the BLE metric affect my ratings? Answer 2 Manufacturers may still publish BEF, input watts and other traditional ratings, but the BLE or efficiency metric will require a report to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) as the ballast performance metric. The manufacturer may als
26、o choose to publish the new BLE efficiency rating Question 3 What ballasts are exempt from this rule? Answer 3 Only three types are exempted, including dimming ballasts that dim to 50% or less of maximum output, electromagnetic ballasts designed for use in EMI sensitive environments, and programmed
27、start ballasts that deliver less than an average of 140 mA of discharge current per lamp. Question 4 I do not see distinct T8 and T12 categories in the equation table, why not? Answer 4 The DOE has grouped ballasts in terms of basic categories rather than lamp diameter, so ballasts that operate 4 fo
28、ot medium bi-pin lamps are all in the same category, meaning a ballast for 2x32 T8 lamps can be directly compared with a ballast for 2x34 T12 lamps. Question 5 How is the test plan different from the previous test plan? Answer 5 This test plan is based strictly on electrical measurements, thereby re
29、moving variation and error associated with photometric measurement. The ballast operates the intended lamp load and ballast input wattage and the sum of the discharge powers are measured. Since the ballast is operating a lamp load, a warm-up interval of no longer than one hour is defined, and once t
30、he lamps are stable, the high-frequency discharge parameters are measured. The discharge power in all lamps is summed and applied to the BLE compliance equation, establishing the minimum performance limit for the ballast. The ballast efficiency is simply power out divided by power in. NEMA LSD 66-20
31、17 Page 6 Question 6 In table 1.1, when the BLE limit is calculated for each category, is that the minimum efficiency requirement for that ballast type? Answer 6 The mean value of a manufacturers production must be greater than this calculated value of efficiency. The test method requires manufactur
32、ers to test a minimum of four fluorescent lamp ballasts, and report the lower of either the mean efficiency of the samples or the output of a compliance certification equation based on the lower 99% confidence limit of the sample. NATIONAL ELECTRICAL MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION 1300 NORTH 17TH STREET, SUITE 900 ROSSLYN. VA 22209www.NEMA.orgTO ORDER ADDITIONAL NEMA STANDARDS VISITWWW.GLOBAL.IHS.COM OR CALL 1-800-854-7179/1-303-397-79565612_0514TB
