1、 NEMA Standards Publication PE 5-1997 (R2003) Utility Type Battery Chargers Published by National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 Copyright 1997 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. All rights including translation into other langu
2、ages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention or the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions. Copyright 1997 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The information in
3、this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development of this docume
4、nt. The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of persons w
5、ho have an interest in the topic covered by this publication. While NEMA administers the process and establishes rules to promote fairness in the development of consensus, it does not write the document and it does not independently test, evaluate, or verify the accuracy or completeness of any infor
6、mation or the soundness of any judgments contained in its standards and guideline publications. NEMA disclaims liability for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the
7、publication, use of, application, or reliance on this document. NEMA disclaims and makes no guaranty or warranty, expressed or implied, as to the accuracy or completeness of any information published herein, and disclaims and makes no warranty that the information in this document will fulfill any o
8、f your particular purposes or needs. NEMA does not undertake to guarantee the performance of any individual manufacturer or sellers products or services by virtue of this standard or guide. In publishing and making this document available, NEMA is not undertaking to render professional or other serv
9、ices for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining the ex
10、ercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not covered by this publication. NEMA has no power, nor does it u
11、ndertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health or safetyrelated information in this document sha
12、ll not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. PE 5-1997 Page i Copyright 1997 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Contents Foreword.ii 1 Scope . 1 2 Normative references 3 3 Definitions 5 4 Alternating current (AC) input
13、 characteristics . 11 5 Direct current (DC) output characteristics. 15 6 Supervisory controls and alarms. 21 7 Environmental requirements . 23 8 Mechanical design requirements 25 9 Test methods . 31 10 Documentation. 37 Annexes A Safety . 39 B Bibliography . 41 PE 5-1997 Page ii Copyright 1997 by th
14、e National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Foreword This Standards Publication provides definitions, minimum requirements, and test methods for utility type battery chargers. This Standards Publication was prepared by the Industrial Battery Charger Committee of the NEMA Power Electronics Secti
15、on. During the preparation of this Standard, the Committee was composed of the following active participants: Tony CosentinoPower Conversion Products, Inc. Don HenryLa Marche Manufacturing Company John MitchellRELTEC David MuhlradRatelco Electronics, Inc. Dan SkinnerSolidstate Controls Inc. Grover W
16、ilsonPrestolite Power Corporation User needs and safety considerations were addressed during the preparation of this Standard. This Standard has been reviewed and approved by the Battery Council International, Chicago, Illinois. To facilitate consideration by the International Electrotechnical Commi
17、ssion, this Standards Publication is written according to the IEC Directives for the drafting and presentation of international standards. Clauses 1 to 10 are normative (equivalent to the designation of “NEMA Standard“); any informative matter (equivalent to the designation of “Authorized Engineerin
18、g Information“) in these clauses is contained in notes or is so indicated. Annexes A and B are informative. The NEMA Power Electronics Section will periodically review this Standard and revise it as necessary to reflect advancing technology. Proposed or recommended revisions should be submitted to:
19、Vice President, Engineering Department National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1847 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 This Standards Publication was developed by the NEMA Power Electronics Section. Section approval of the standard does not necessarily imply that all section
20、 members voted for its approval or participated in its development. At the time it was approved, the Power Electronics Section was composed of the following members: American Power ConversionWest Kingston, RI Best Power, A Division of General SignalNecedah, WI Cyberex, Inc.Mentor, OH EPE Technologie
21、s Inc.Palatine, IL Georator CorporationManassas, VA La Marche Manufacturing CompanyDes Plaines, IL Liebert CorporationIrvine, CA Power Paragon, Inc.Anaheim, CA Solidstate Controls Inc.Columbus, OH Toshiba International CorporationHouston, TX PE 5-1997 Page 1 Copyright 1997 by the National Electrical
22、 Manufacturers Association. Section 1 SCOPE This Standards Publication covers stabilized constant-potential-type filtered or unfiltered battery chargers which are designed to supply direct-current power from an alternating-current source to charge a float-type battery and simultaneously power the co
23、nnected utility system load. These battery chargers provide transformer isolation of the direct-current output from the alternating-current input and are designed for stationary mounting and continuous operation. PE 5-1997 Page 2 Copyright 1997 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. P
24、E 5-1997 Page 3 Copyright 1997 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Section 2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES The following normative documents contain provisions, which through reference in this text constitute provisions of this Standards Publication. By reference herein these publications a
25、re adopted, in whole or in part as indicated, in this Standards Publication. ANSI C84.1-1989, Electric Power Systems and EquipmentVoltage Ratings (60Hz) ANSI S1.4-1983, Specification for Sound Level Meters ANSI S12.31-1990, Precision Methods for the Determination of Sound Power Levels of Broad-Band
26、Noise Sources in Reverberation Rooms ANSI S12.32-1990, Precision Methods for the Determination of Sound Power Levels of Discrete-Frequency and Narrow-Band Noise Sources in Reverberation Rooms ANSI/IEEE 100-1992, Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Terms ANSI/IEEE 519-1993, Guide for Harmonic Con
27、trol and Reactive Compensation of Static Power Converters ANSI/IEEE C37.90.1-1989, Surge Withstand Capability (SWC) Tests for Protective Relays and Relay Systems ANSI/IEEE C62.41-1991, Recommended Practice for Surge Voltages in Low-Voltage AC Power Circuits ANSI/NFPA 70-1994, National Electrical Cod
28、e The above listed standards may be obtained by contacting: American National Standards Institute 11 West 42nd Street New York, NY 10036 Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47, Part 15 (Federal Communication Commission), Subpart B, Radio Frequency DevicesUnintentional Radiators PE 5-1997 Page 4 Copyr
29、ight 1997 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. PE 5-1997 Page 5 Copyright 1997 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. Section 3 DEFINITIONS For the purposes of this Standards Publication the following definitions apply. Terms marked with an asterisk (*) are in accorda
30、nce with ANSI/IEEE 100. 3.1 ambient operating-temperature range*: The range of environmental temperatures in which a battery charger power supply can be safely operated. For units with forced-air cooling, the temperature is measured at the air intake. 3.2 ampere-hour capacity*: The number of ampere
31、hours which a storage battery can deliver under specified conditions such as temperature, rate of discharge, and final voltage. The abbreviation AH, as used in this standards publication, is the ampere-hour capacity at the 8-hour rate at 25C (77F) if the lead-acid battery is discharged down to 1.75
32、volts per cell. 3.3 audible noise: The sound level produced by the battery charger, measured in decibels. 3.4 (storage) battery: A rechargeable electrochemical energy storage device that, when discharged, produces direct current electrical energy from a chemical reaction and can be recharged by reve
33、rsing the chemical reaction with direct current electrical energy. 3.5 battery charger; rectifier: An apparatus which is capable of restoring the charge in storage batteries, or supplying charging power to a battery and, at the same time, supplying power to the connected load. 3.6 battery eliminator
34、*: A device that provides direct-current energy from an alternating-current source in place of a battery. 3.7 change of resistance method: The value of the temperature rise of a winding calculated from the formulae: t = RRR211(234.5 + t1) - (t2- t1) for a copper winding; t = RRR211(225 + t1) - (t2-
35、t1) for an aluminum winding. where: t is the temperature rise (C); R1is the resistance of the winding at the beginning of the test (W); R2is the resistance of the winding at the end of the test (W); t1is the room temperature at the beginning of the test (C); t2is the room temperature at the end of t
36、he test (C). At the beginning of the test, the windings are at room temperature. It is recommended that the resistance of windings at the end of the test be determined by taking resistance measurements as soon as possible after switching off, and then at short intervals so that a PE 5-1997 Page 6 Co
37、pyright 1997 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. curve of resistance against time can be plotted for ascertaining the resistance at the instant of switching off. 3.8 constant potential charge: A charge in which the voltage, or potential, at the output terminals of the battery charg
38、er is maintained at a constant value. 3.9 constant-voltage/constant-current crossover: The characteristic of a battery charger that automatically converts the mode of operation from voltage stabilization to current stabilization and vice versa, when the output current reaches a preset value. 3.10 (a
39、utomatic) current limiting*: An overload protection mechanism that limits the maximum output current to a preset value, and automatically restores the output when the overload is removed. 3.11 dielectric tests*: Tests which consist of the application of a voltage higher than the rated voltage for a
40、specified time to verify the dielectric withstand strength of insulation materials and spacing. These various types of dielectric tests have been developed to allow selectively testing the various insulation components of a transformer, without overstressing other components; or to simulate transien
41、t voltages which transformers may encounter in service. 3.12 dielectric withstand strength: The specified voltage or potential gradient below which a dielectric material will continue to resist electrical current flow. 3.13 displacement power factor*: The ratio of the active power of the fundamental
42、 wave, in watts, to the apparent power of the fundamental wave in volt-amperes. This is the cosine of the phase angle by which the fundamental current lags the fundamental voltage. This is the power factor as seen in utility metering by watt-hour and varhour meters assuming that the ac voltages are
43、sinusoidal. 3.14 distortion factor*: The ratio of the root-mean-square value of the harmonic content to the root-mean-square value of the nonsinusoidal quantity, expressed in percent. Distortion Factor = ()amplitudes of all harmonicsamplitude of fundamental100%22 3.15 efficiency*: The ratio of outpu
44、t power to input power expressed in percent, i.e.: Efficiency = PP100%outin NOTEThis is an evaluation of power losses within the conversion equipment and may be also expressed as ratio of the output power to the sum of the output power and the power losses, and expressed in percent, i.e.: Efficiency
45、 = PoutPoutPlosses100%+ 3.16 electromagnetic compatibility*: A measure of equipment tolerance to external electromagnetic fields. 3.17 electromagnetic interference*: Impairment of a wanted electromagnetic signal by an electromagnetic disturbance. 3.18 equalizing charge: An extended charge, at an ele
46、vated voltage, to a measured end point that is given to a storage battery to insure the complete restoration of the active materials in all the plates of all the cells. PE 5-1997 Page 7 Copyright 1997 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. 3.19 filter: Resistance-capacitance or induct
47、ance-capacitance networks which are arranged as low pass devices to attenuate the varying component that remains when alternating voltage is rectified. 3.20 floating charge: A method of operation for storage batteries in which a constant voltage which is sufficient to maintain an approximately const
48、ant state of charge is applied to the battery terminals. 3.21 forced-air cooling system*: An air cooling system in which heat is removed from the cooling surfaces of the rectifier by means of a flow of air produced by a fan or blower. 3.22 forced load sharing: Circuitry provided to cause (force) two
49、 or more chargers connected in parallel to share the load. 3.23 harmonic distortion*: The ratio of the effective value of all the harmonics to the effective value of the fundamental. Total harmonic distortion (THD) is expressed in percent by the following formulae: THDEE100%n2n11=for voltage; THDII100%n2n11=for current. 3.24 inrush current*: The maximum root-mean-square or average current value, determined for a specified interval, resulting from the excitation of the charger with no connected load, with essentiall
