1、 NEMA SB 2 TRAINING MANUAL ON FIRE ALARM SYSTEMSNEMA Standards Publication SB 2-2010 Training Manual on Fire Alarm Systems Published by: National Electrical Manufacturers Association 1300 North 17th Street, Suite 1752 Rosslyn, Virginia 22209 www.nema.org Copyright 2010 by the National Electrical Man
2、ufacturers Association. All rights including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright Convention, the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works, and the International and Pan American Copyright Conventions. NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER The informatio
3、n in this publication was considered technically sound by the consensus of persons engaged in the development and approval of the document at the time it was developed. Consensus does not necessarily mean that there is unanimous agreement among every person participating in the development of this d
4、ocument. The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) standards and guideline publications, of which the document contained herein is one, are developed through a voluntary consensus standards development process. This process brings together volunteers and/or seeks out the views of pers
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9、 services for or on behalf of any person or entity, nor is NEMA undertaking to perform any duty owed by any person or entity to someone else. Anyone using this document should rely on his or her own independent judgment or, as appropriate, seek the advice of a competent professional in determining t
10、he exercise of reasonable care in any given circumstances. Information and other standards on the topic covered by this publication may be available from other sources, which the user may wish to consult for additional views or information not covered by this publication. NEMA has no power, nor does
11、 it undertake to police or enforce compliance with the contents of this document. NEMA does not certify, test, or inspect products, designs, or installations for safety or health purposes. Any certification or other statement of compliance with any health or safetyrelated information in this documen
12、t shall not be attributable to NEMA and is solely the responsibility of the certifier or maker of the statement. SB 2-2010 Page i CONTENTS Foreword .vi SECTION 1 GENERAL. 1 1.1 SCOPE . 1 1.2 REFERENCED STANDARDS1 1.3 GENERAL DEFINITIONS. 1 SECTION 2 BASIC FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS . 16 2.1 GENERAL. 16 2.2
13、CONTROL UNIT. 16 2.3 NOTIFICATION METHODS . 17 2.3.1 Non-Coded System. 17 2.3.2 Zoned Non-Coded System . 17 2.3.3 Coded System. 17 2.3.4 Master Coded System 17 2.3.5 March Time Coded System 17 2.3.6 Selective Coded System. 18 2.3.7 Temporal Code 3 Pattern 18 2.3.8 Zoned Coded System . 18 2.4 VOICE F
14、IRE ALARM SYSTEM 18 2.5 CONTROL UNIT OPERATION 18 2.6 PERFORMANCE OF CIRCUITS 20 2.7 INITIATING DEVICE CIRCUITS (IDCs). 20 2.7.1 Two-Wire Using Normally Open Contact Initiating Devices and an End-Of-Line Device 20 2.7.2 Class A Wired Circuit Using Normally Open Contact Initiating Devices. 21 2.8 SIG
15、NALING LINE CIRCUITS. 21 2.9 NOTIFICATION APPLIANCE CIRCUITS. 22 2.9.1 Parallel Circuits . 22 2.10 POWER SUPPLIES 23 2.11 SUPPLEMENTARY CIRCUITS AND DEVICES 23 2.12 TYPES OF CONTROL SYSTEMS. 23 2.12.1 Protected Premises (Local) Fire Alarm System (Chapter 6, NFPA 72) 23 2.12.2 Auxiliary Fire Alarm Sy
16、stem (Chapter 9, NFPA 72) 24 2.12.3 Remote Supervising Station Fire Alarm System (Chapter 8, NFPA 72) 25 2.12.4 Proprietary Supervising Station Fire Alarm System (Chapter 8, NFPA 72) . 26 2.12.5 Emergency Voice/Alarm Communications (Chapter 6, NFPA 72) . 26 2.12.6 Central Station Fire Alarm System P
17、roviding Central Station Service (Chapter 8, NFPA 72) . 27 2.12.7 Fire Safety Control Functions .27 2.12.8 Combination Systems . 27 2.12.9 Interconnected Fire Alarm Control Units. 28 SECTION 3 FIRE ALARM SYSTEM CONCEPTS. 29 3.1 GENERAL. 29 3.2 MULTIPLEXING OR NETWORKING. 29 3.3 CIRCUIT INTERFACES (T
18、RANSPONDERS, DATA GATHERING PANELS) 30 3.4 MULTIPLEXED OR NETWORKED OUTPUTS . 31 3.5 ADDRESSABILITY. 32 3.6 INTELLIGENT (SMART) CIRCUIT INTERFACES. 33 3.7 PROGRAMMING 33 3.8 ADDRESSABLE DEVICES 33 3.9 MULTIPLEXING TECHNOLOGY. 34 3.10 ACTIVE MULTIPLEX 34 Copyright 2010 by the National Electrical Manu
19、facturers Association. SB 2-2010 Page ii 3.11 DIGITAL SIGNALING . 35 3.12 ANALOG SENSORS 35 3.13 INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS 35 3.14 DISPLAYS 37 3.15 DIGITAL ALARM COMMUNICATOR SYSTEMS (DACS) . 37 SECTION 4 INITIATING DEVICES 38 4.1 MANUAL AND AUTOMATIC ALARM INITIATING DEVICES . 38 4.2 MANUAL FIRE ALARM BO
20、XES. 38 4.2.1 Non-Coded Fire Alarm Boxes. 38 4.2.2 Coded Fire Alarm Boxes. 38 4.2.3 Presignal Fire Alarm Boxes 38 4.2.4 General Alarm Fire Alarm Boxes 38 4.2.5 Breakglass Fire Alarm Boxes . 38 4.2.6 Single Action Fire Alarm Boxes 39 4.2.7 Double Action Fire Alarm Boxes. 40 4.3 AUTOMATIC ALARM INITIA
21、TING DEVICES 40 4.3.1 Classification of Automatic Fire Detectors 40 4.3.2 Heat Sensing Fire Detectors.42 4.3.3 Smoke Sensing Fire Detectors . 45 4.4 SWITCHES ON AUTOMATIC FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS . 47 4.4.1 Waterflow Switch on Sprinkler Systems . 47 4.4.2 Alarm Switches on Fire Suppression Systems.
22、48 4.4.3 Supervisory Monitoring for Sprinkler Systems 48 4.4.4 Engine Driven Generator Supervision 49 4.5 INSTALLATION WIRING 49 4.6 CIRCUIT STYLESCIRCUIT CLASSES. FOR CONVENTIONAL IDC (INITIATING DEVICE CIRCUIT) 52 SECTION 5 NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES 54 5.1 GENERAL. 54 5.2 ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANC
23、ES . 54 5.3 AUDIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES. 54 5.3.1 Bells 54 5.3.2 Horns. 54 5.3.3 Chimes 55 5.3.4 Buzzers . 55 5.3.5 Sirens 55 5.3.6 Speakers. 55 5.3.7 Electronic Alarms 55 5.4 VISIBLE ALARM NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES 56 5.5 COMBINATION AUDIBLE/VISIBLE NOTIFICATION APPLIANCES. 56 5.5.1 Visible
24、 Annunciators . 56 5.5.2 Lamp Annunciators . 56 5.5.3 Drop-Type Annunciators. 57 5.5.4 Incandescent Lamp. 57 5.5.5 Solid State Lamp. 57 5.5.6 Fluorescent Lamp . 57 5.6 PERMANENT RECORDERS. 57 5.6.1 Punch Registers 57 5.6.2 Print Recorders . 57 5.6.3 Time Stamps. 58 5.7 INSTALLATION WIRING 58 SECTION
25、 6 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS FOR FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS . 61 Copyright 2010 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. SB 2-2010 Page iii 6.1 GENERAL. 61 6.2 LOCATION OF SYSTEM COMPONENTS 61 6.2.1 General . 61 6.2.2 Fire Alarm Control Units 61 6.2.3 Alarm Initiating Devices 61 6.2.4 Audible A
26、larm Notification Appliances 62 6.2.5 Visible Alarm Notification Appliances . 62 6.2.6 Visible Alarm Signal Annunciators 63 6.2.7 Permanent Recorders. 63 6.2.8 Trouble Signal Appliances 63 6.3 POWER SUPPLIES 63 6.3.1 Number of Sources Required . 63 6.3.2 Primary (Main) Power Supplies 63 6.3.3 Second
27、ary (Standby) Power Supplies 63 6.3.4 Trouble Signal Power Supply 65 6.3.5 Batteries 65 6.4 REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTALLATION OF WIRING AND EQUIPMENT . 65 6.5 MANUFACTURERS PUBLISHED INSTRUCTIONS. 65 6.6 LOCAL CODES 65 6.7 TYPES OF CIRCUITS 66 6.8 INTERMIXING OF CIRCUITS 66 6.9 ENCLOSED VERSUS EXPOSED W
28、IRING . 66 6.10 SELECTING CONDUCTORS AND CABLES 67 6.11 CABLE MARKINGS 67 6.12 IDENTIFICATION OF CIRCUITS. 68 6.13 MONITORING FOR INTEGRITY . 68 6.14 LIGHTNING/SURGE PROTECTION (Circuit Protection) 68 6.15 OUTSIDE WIRING . 69 SECTION 7 SYSTEM START-UP PROCEDURE 70 7.1 GENERAL. 70 7.2 CHECK OF INSTAL
29、LATION WIRING 70 7.2.1 Preliminary 70 7.2.2 Test for Extraneous Voltages70 7.2.3 Test for Shorts and Opens 71 7.2.4 Test for Grounds . 73 7.2.5 Visual Inspection. 73 7.2.6 Check of Power Sources 73 7.3 NORMAL OPERATION (NORMAL MONITORING CONDITION) . 73 7.4 MONITORING OF CIRCUITS FOR INTEGRITY (ELEC
30、TRICAL SUPERVISION) 74 7.4.1 General . 74 7.4.2 Power Supply Circuits. 74 7.4.3 Initiating Device and Notification Appliance Circuits. 74 7.4.4 Overcurrent Protection Devices 74 7.4.5 Municipal Circuits 74 7.4.6 Supplementary Circuits. 75 7.4.7 Annunciator Circuits 75 7.5 ALARM OPERATION . 75 7.6 AU
31、THORITY HAVING JURISDICTION 75 7.7 NFPA TABLES FOR TEST METHODS AND VISUAL INSPECTION AND TEST FREQUENCIES 76 SECTION 8 PROPER MAINTENANCE OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS . 97 8.1 PERIODIC MAINTENANCE . 97 8.1.1 General . 97 Copyright 2010 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. SB 2-2010 Page i
32、v 8.1.2 System Performance and Integrity . 97 8.2 FIRE ALARM CONTROL UNITS 97 8.2.1 Printed Circuit Board Assemblies of Modules 97 8.2.2 Relay Maintenance . 97 8.2.3 Battery Charger Maintenance. 98 8.2.4 Battery Maintenance . 98 8.2.5 Fuses 98 8.2.6 Circuit Breakers 98 8.2.7 Condition of Control Uni
33、t Cabinets (Dust and Dirt Removal) . 98 8.3 NON-CODED MANUAL FIRE ALARM BOXES . 99 8.4 CODED MANUAL FIRE ALARM BOXES 99 8.4.1 General . 99 8.4.2 Spring-Driven Fire Alarm Boxes . 99 8.4.3 Motor-Driven Coded Fire Alarm Boxes. 100 8.5 AUTOMATIC TRANSMITTERS . 100 8.6 AUTOMATIC HEAT DETECTORS. 100 8.6.1
34、 Fixed-Temperature Heat Detectors 100 8.6.2 Rate-of-Rise Heat Detectors. 100 8.6.3 Rate-Compensation Heat Detectors. 101 8.6.4 Explosion-Proof Heat Detectors . 101 8.7 SMOKE DETECTORS 101 8.8 SPRINKLER WATERFLOW DETECTORS . 101 8.8.1 Pressure Operated 101 8.8.2 Vane Operated 102 8.9 GATE-VALVE SUPER
35、VISORY CONTACTS . 102 8.10 OPEN STEM AND YOKE (OS fire marshal; chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor department, or health department; building official; electrical inspector; or others having statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau, or othe
36、r insurance company representative may be the authority having jurisdiction. In many circumstances, the property owner or his or her designated agent assumes the role of the authority having jurisdiction; at government installations, the commanding officer or departmental official may be the authori
37、ty having jurisdiction. automatic extinguishing system supervisory device: A device that responds to abnormal conditions that could affect the proper operation of an automatic sprinkler system or other fire extinguishing system(s) or suppression system(s) including, but not limited to, control valve
38、s; pressure levels; liquid agent levels and temperatures; pump power and running; engine temperature and overspend; and room temperature. automatic fire alarm system: A system in which all or some of the initiating device circuits are activated by automatic devices, such as fire detectors. Copyright
39、 2010 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. SB 2-2010 Page 3 automatic fire detector: A device designed to detect the presence of a fire signature and to initiate a signal. For the purpose of this code, automatic fire detectors are classified as follows: combination detector: A devic
40、e that either responds to more than one of the fire phenomena or employs more than one operating principle to sense one of these phenomena. Typical examples are a combination of a heat detector with a smoke detector or a combination rate-of-rise and fixed-temperature heat detector. This device has l
41、istings for each sensing method employed. electrical conductivity heat detector: A line-type or spot-type sensing element in which resistance varies as a function of temperature. fire-gas detector: A device that detects gases produced by a fire. fixed-temperature detector: A device that responds whe
42、n its operating element becomes heated to a predetermined level. flame detector: A radiant energysensing fire detector that detects the radiant energy emitted by a flame. heat detector: A fire detector that senses heat produced by burning substances. Heat is the energy produced by combustion that ca
43、uses substances to rise in temperature. line-type detector: A device in which detection is continuous along a path. Typical examples are rate-of-rise pneumatic tubing detectors, projected beam smoke detectors, and heat-sensitive cable. multi-criteria detector: A device that contains multiple sensors
44、 that separately respond to physical stimulus such as heat, smoke, or fire gases, or employs more than one sensor to sense the same stimulus. This sensor is capable of generating only one alarm signal from the sensors employed in the design, either independently or in combination. The sensor output
45、signal is mathematically evaluated to determine when an alarm signal is warranted. The evaluation can be performed either at the detector or at the control unit. This detector has a single listing that establishes the primary function of the detector. multi-sensor detector: A device that contains mu
46、ltiple sensors that separately respond to physical stimulus such as heat, smoke, or fire gases, or employs more than one sensor to sense the same stimulus. A device capable of generating multiple alarm signals from any one of the sensors employed in the design, independently or in combination. The s
47、ensor output signals are mathematically evaluated to determine when an alarm signal is warranted. The evaluation can be performed either at the detector or at the control unit. This device has listings for each sensing method employed. other fire detectors: Devices that detect a phenomenon other tha
48、n heat, smoke, flame, or gases produced by a fire. pneumatic rate-of-rise tubing heat detector: A line-type detector composed of small-diameter tubing, usually copper, that is installed on the ceiling or high on the walls throughout the protected area. The tubing is terminated in a detector unit con
49、taining diaphragms and associated contacts set to actuate at a predetermined pressure. The system is sealed except for calibrated vents that compensate for normal changes in temperature. projected beamtype detector: A type of photoelectric light obscuration smoke detector wherein the beam spans the protected area. Copyright 2010 by the National Electrical Manufacturers Association. SB 2-2010 Page 4 radiant energysensing fire detector: A device that detects radiant energy (such as ultraviolet, visible, or infrared) that is emitted as a product of combustion reaction and obeys
