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30、al Fire Protection Association, Quincy, Massachusetts 02169. Copyright 2015 National Fire Protection Association . All Rights Reserved. NFPA 350 Guide for Safe Conned Space Entry and Work 2016 Edition This edition of NFPA 350, Guide for Safe Conned Space Entry and Work, was prepared by the Committee
31、 on Conned Space Safe Work Practices. It was issued by the Standards Council on November 14, 2015, with an effective date of December 4, 2015, and supersedes all previous editions. This edition of NFPA 350 was approved as an American National Standard on December 4, 2015. Origin and Development of N
32、FPA 350 This rst edition of NFPA 350, Guide for Safe Conned Space Entry and Work, establishes best practices and “how to” for conned space entry and work, translating what is required in regulations into practical approaches to implement those requirements. Whereas existing regulatory standards prov
33、ide minimum requirements, NFPA 350 strives to establish work practices that achieve a higher level of safety. NFPA maintains a long history governing the safe entry and work practices for the maritime sector through NFPA 306, Standard for the Control of Gas Hazards on Vessels. The success of the mar
34、itime conned space entry program, in particular the competencies and qualications of marine chemists whose certication NFPA manages, led to the incorporation of those practices and procedures into both OSHA shipyard regulations and the regulations of the U.S. Coast Guard. Similarities in constructio
35、n and usage prompted the development of NFPA 326, Standard for the Safeguarding of Tanks and Containers for Entry, Cleaning, or Repair, a standard for entry and work in aboveground and underground tanks and containers. NFPAs protection for emergency responders extends to conned spaces as well, with
36、NFPA 1670, Standard on Operations and Training for Technical Search and Rescue Incidents, and NFPA 1006, Standard for Technical Rescuer Professional Qualications . With that long history of established standards of practice for conned space entry and work, NFPA proposed a new project related to conn
37、ed spaces. The Technical Committee on Conned Space Safe Work Practices began its work on a preliminary draft in September 2012 and worked in earnest to provide a preliminary draft to the NFPA Standards Council for the August 2013 meeting, at which it was approved and placed in the Fall 2015 revision
38、 cycle. Background documents considered by the Standards Council as part of the new project request highlighted a number of gaps within the existing regulations and standards applicable to general industry conned space entry and work. OSHAs permit-required conned space standard had been in place for
39、 20 years when the work of the Committee began. As part of its initial actions, the Committee spent time identifying gaps and discussing how to simplify some of the confusion associated with the terminology used in conned space documents. Among the gaps identied by the Committee during initial discu
40、ssions were issues related to basic conned space hazard identication, evaluation, and control. Of particular concern was the absence of informative guidance on how to perform some of the key requirements in the OSHA standard, such as air monitoring and ventilation. In further support of the initial
41、ndings of the Committee, the Chemical Safety Board (CSB) addressed the Committee at its rst meeting and noted additional gaps in conned space safe practices related to the hazards of adjacent spaces and hot work. The Committee, with its wide range of experts, targeted those gaps and missing informat
42、ion as potential areas that could be incorporated into NFPA 350. Perhaps the most signicant discussion topic within the Committee centered on terminology used to describe conned spaces, such as permit-required conned spaces and non-permit spaces. While the Committee did not want to conict with exist
43、ing standards, in particular the OSHA standards, the Committee recognized that the differences in terminology continued to create confusion. TheSAFE CONFINED SPACE ENTRY AND WORK 350-2 2016 Edition Committee ultimately decided to simply use the term “conned space“ to describe any space that meets th
44、e OSHA 1910.146 denition. Another simplication provided by NFPA 350 is the default recommendation to perform air monitoring of all conned spaces prior to entry. Such monitoring eliminates the possibility of misjudging a space that is not expected to have an atmospheric hazard. The Committee believes
45、 that the few minutes it takes to perform air monitoring of a space conrming the presence or absence of specic atmospheric hazards will be time well spent. NFPA 350 identies three types of hazards that should be recognized, evaluated, and controlled: inherent hazards, introduced hazards, and adjacen
46、t hazards. Identifying those three distinct sources of potential hazards helps Entry Supervisors and workers to think broadly about the myriad of hazards that could occur in and around conned spaces so they can evaluate and control the hazards. While other standards indicate what needs to be done, N
47、FPA 350 describes how to perform those tasks. For example, NFPA 350 provides information on the selection, calibration, and use of gas monitors as well as information about the types and installation of ventilation devices for different types of conned space congurations and hazards. The Committee n
48、oted that there was a lack of qualications and competencies for those involved in conned space entries beyond the Attendant, the Entrant, and the Entry Supervisor. To complement those individuals and their dened roles and competencies, NFPA 350 identies other roles that also are important in conned
49、space entries, such as a Gas Tester, Ventilation Specialist, and Standby Worker. For conned space rescue, NFPA 350 provides a tiered approach to response and includes the organizational elements of emergency preparedness that normally are in place in a re department but not necessarily in a facility rescue program. The document aligns with NFPA 1670 and NFPA 1006 in providing the technical aspects of rescue and qualications for Rescuers. It is well recognized that changes that occur during conned space safety can negativel
