1、PartHealth Care Facilities Code HandbookEdited byJonathan R. HartFire Protection Engineer, NFPANational Fire Protection Association, Quincy, MassachusettsWith the complete text of the 2015 edition of NFPA99, Health Care Facilities CodeBK-NFPA-99HB15-140270-FM.indd 1 10/20/2014 1:14:26 PMProduct Mana
2、gement: Debra RoseDevelopment: Jennifer Harvey and Khela ThorneProduction: Khela ThorneCopyediting: Kenneth RitchiePermissions: Jennifer Williams-RapaArt Direction and Interior Design: Cheryl Langway Cover Design: McCusker CommunicationsComposition: Cenveo Publisher ServicesManufacturing: Ellen Glis
3、kerPrinting/Binding: Courier/KendallvilleCopyright 2014National Fire Protection AssociationOne Batterymarch ParkQuincy, Massachusetts 02169-7471All rights reserved.Important Notices and Disclaimers: Publication of this handbook is for the purpose of circulating information and opinion among those co
4、ncerned for fire and electrical safety and related subjects. While every effort has been made to achieve a work of high quality, neither the NFPA nor the contributors to this handbook guarantee or warrantee the accuracy or completeness of or assume any liability in connection with the information an
5、d opinions contained in this handbook. The NFPA and the contributors shall in no event be liable for any personal injury, property, or other damages of any nature whatsoever, whether special, indirect, consequential, or compensatory, directly or indirectly resulting from the publication, use of, or
6、reliance upon this handbook.This handbook is published with the understanding that the NFPA and the contributors to this handbook are supplying information and opinion but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services. If such services are required, the assistance of an app
7、ropriate professional should be sought.NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code, (“NFPA 99”) is, like all NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), made available for use subject to Important Notices and Legal Disclaimers, which appear at the end of this handbook and c
8、an also be viewed at www.nfpa.org/disclaimers.Notice Concerning Code Interpretations: This 2015 edition of the Health Care Facilities Code Handbook is based on the 2015 edition of NFPA 99. All NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”) are developed in accordance wit
9、h the published procedures of the NFPA by technical committees comprised of volunteers drawn from a broad array of relevant interests. The handbook contains the complete text of NFPA 99 and any applicable Formal Interpretations issued by the NFPA at the time of publication. This NFPA Standard is acc
10、ompanied by explanatory commentary and other supplementary materials.The commentary and supplementary materials in this handbook are not a part of the NFPA Standard and do not constitute Formal Interpretations of the NFPA (which can be obtained only through requests processed by the responsible tech
11、nical committees in accordance with the published procedures of the NFPA). The commentary and supplementary materials, therefore, solely reflect the personal opinions of the editor or other contributors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the NFPA or its technical committees.RE
12、MINDER: UPDATING OF NFPA STANDARDSNFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code, like all NFPA codes, standards, recommended practices, and guides (“NFPA Standards”), may be amended from time to time through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata. An official NFPA Standard at any
13、 point in time consists of the current edition of the document together with any Tentative Interim Amendment and any Errata then in effect. In order to determine whether an NFPA Standard has been amended through the issuance of Tentative Interim Amendments or corrected by Errata, visit the Document
14、Information Pages on NFPAs website. The Document Information Pages provide up-to-date, document specific information including any issued Tentative Interim Amendments and Errata. To access the Document Information Page for a specific NFPA Standard go to http:/www.nfpa.org/document for a list of NFPA
15、 Standards, and click on the appropriate Standard number (e.g., NFPA 99). In addition to posting all existing Tentative Interim Amendments and Errata, the Document Information Page also includes the option to sign-up for an “Alert” feature to receive an email notification when new updates and other
16、information are posted regarding the document.The following are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association:National Fire Protection AssociationNFPANFPA 70, National Electrical CodeNFPA 72NFPA 101, Life Safety CodeNFPA 1600NFPA 5000, Building Construction and Safety CodeNFPA No
17、.: 99HB15ISBN (book): 978-145590-8202ISBN (PDF): 978-145590-8219ISBN (e-book): 978-145590-9988Library of Congress Control No.: 2014939267Printed in the United States of America14 15 16 17 18 5 4 3 2 1BK-NFPA-99HB15-140270-FM.indd 2 10/20/2014 1:14:26 PMContentsiiiPreface vAcknowledgments viiAbout th
18、e Editor ixAbout the Contributors xiPART 1NFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code, with Commentary 11 Administration 31.1 Scope 61.2 Purpose 91.3 Application 9 1.4 Equivalency 121.5 Units 12 1.6 Code Adoption Requirements 132 Referenced Publications 152.1 General 152.2 NFPA Publications 162.3 Other Pub
19、lications 172.4 References for Extracts in Mandatory Sections 213 Definitions 233.1 General 233.2 NFPA Official Definitions 233.3 General Definitions 253.4 BICSI Definitions 684 Fundamentals 714.1 Risk Categories 714.2 Risk Assessment 744.3 Application 754.4 Materials 755 Gas and Vacuum Systems 775.
20、1 Category 1 Piped Gas and Vacuum Systems 795.2 Category 2 Piped Gas and Vacuum Systems 2465.3 Category 3 Piped Gas and Vacuum Systems 2506 Electrical Systems 2776.1 Applicability 2786.2 Nature of Hazards 2796.3 Electrical System 2796.4 Essential Electrical System Requirements Type 1 3056.5 Essentia
21、l Electrical System Requirements Type 2 3517 Information Technology and Communications Systems 3597.1 Applicability 3597.2 Reserved 3607.3 Category 1 Systems 3607.4 Category 2 Systems 3737.5 Category 3 Systems 3758 Plumbing 3778.1 Applicability 3778.2 System Category Criteria 3778.3 General Requirem
22、ents 3798.4 Category 1. (Reserved) 3828.5 Category 2. (Reserved) 3828.6 Category 3. (Reserved) 3829 Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) 3839.1 Applicability 3839.2 System Category Criteria 3839.3 General 3859.4 Category 1. (Reserved) 392BK-NFPA-99HB15-140270-FM.indd 3 10/20/2014 1:14:2
23、6 PM2015 Health Care Facilities Code Handbook9.5 Category 2. (Reserved) 3929.6 Category 3. (Reserved) 39210 Electrical Equipment 39310.1 Applicability 39310.2 Performance Criteria and Testing for Patient CareRelated Electrical Appliances and Equipment 39410.3 Testing Requirements Fixed and Portable
24、40210.4 Nonpatient Electrical Appliances and Equipment 40910.5 Administration 40911 Gas Equipment 42111.1 Applicability 42211.2 Cylinder and Container Source 42411.3 Cylinder and Container Storage Requirements 42711.4 Performance Criteria and Testing 43111.5 Administration 43411.6 Operation and Mana
25、gement of Cylinders 44311.7 Liquid Oxygen Equipment 44612 Emergency Management 45112.1 Applicability 45112.2 Responsibilities 45512.3 Emergency Management Categories 45812.4 General 46012.5 Emergency Management Category 1 and Emergency Management Category 2 Requirements 46113 Security Management 481
26、13.1 Applicability 48113.2 Security Management Plan 48213.3 Security Vulnerability Assessment (SVA) 48413.4 Responsible Person 48413.5 Security-Sensitive Areas 48613.6 Access and Egress Security Measures 49013.7 Media Control 49213.8 Crowd Control 49313.9 Security Equipment 49413.10 Employment Pract
27、ices 49613.11 Security Operations 49613.12 Program Evaluation 49714 Hyperbaric Facilities 49914.1 Scope 50014.2 Construction and Equipment 50614.3 Administration and Maintenance 54315 Features of Fire Protection 56515.1 Applicability 56515.2 Construction and Compartmentation 56515.3 Special Hazard P
28、rotection for Flammable Liquids and Gases 56615.4 Laboratories 56615.5 Utilities 56615.6 Waste Chutes, Incinerators, and Linen Chutes 57115.7 Fire Detection, Alarm, and Communications Systems 57315.8 Automatic Sprinklers and Other Extinguishing Equipment 58015.9 Manual Extinguishing Equipment 58115.
29、10 Compact Storage 58215.11 Compact Mobile Storage 58215.12 Maintenance and Testing 58315.13 Fire Loss Prevention in Operating Rooms 584AnnexesA Explanatory Material 591B Additional Explanatory Notes 593C Sample Ordinance Adopting NFPA 99 629D Informational References 631PART 2Supplements 6391 Codes
30、 and Standards in the Health Care Environment: Use, Application, Enforcement, and Impact 6412 Security in Health Care 6473 Disaster Impact on Hospital Electrical Systems and Lessons Learned 6534 Rebuilding a Hospital 657 5 NFPA Resources 6616 Technical/Substantive Changes to the 2015 Edition of NFPA
31、 99 669Index 687Important Notices and Disclaimers 706ivChapter 5 Gas and Vacuum SystemsContentsBK-NFPA-99HB15-140270-FM.indd 4 10/20/2014 1:14:26 PMNFPA 99, Health Care Facilities Code, applies to a wide range of systems, equipment, and planning specific to buildings or portions of buildings in whic
32、h various levels of health care are provided to patients. These facilities range from hospitals, ambulatory health care centers, and clinics to medical and dental offices, nursing homes, and limited care facilities. NFPA 99 includes provisions for patient care areas (e.g., wards, intensive care unit
33、s, operating suites, and hyperbaric facilities), several facility-wide systems, and overall emergency planning for a facility in the event of an emergency (fire or otherwise) that interrupts the delivery of patient care.This tenth edition of the Health Care Facilities Code Handbook has been develope
34、d to add to the store of knowledge on health care fire safety and to serve as a useful resource for all those who are involved in protecting health care facilities from fire and associated hazards. NFPA 99, now into its fourth decade, is the result of the integration of 12 documents devel-oped over
35、a 40-year period by the Health Care Facilities Correlating Committee (formerly the Committee on Hospitals).The 2012 edition of NFPA 99 represented a major milestone in the history of the docu-ment. All the occupancy chapters were removed, along with the chapter on laboratories. A new Chapter 4 estab
36、lished four “risk categories.” The higher the risk of losing a system, the more stringent the requirements are to assure that the system is not lost. This change meant that the application of NFPA 99 was no longer based on the name of the facility but, rather, on the facility management conducting a
37、 risk assessment and assigning a category to the different systems within the facility. The 2015 edition of the code has built on the risk-based approach to encompass more than just facility systems, so that more of the code requirements can truly be based on the risk to patients, staff, and caregiv
38、ers. No large structural changes have been made for this edition, but numerous technical changes have been made throughout the document. These changes, as well as the reasoning behind them, are highlighted by each “Code Update” feature in Part 1 of the handbook, and they are explained in more detail
39、 in Supplement 6 in Part 2.Codes and standards by themselves can be difficult to understand for those not involved in their development, and code handbooks present another vehicle for helping readers to bet-ter understand the requirements and recommendations of a document. The purpose of this handbo
40、ok is to provide the user with insight as to why the code requirements are included and how compliance with them can be achieved. NFPA 99 is developed by experts representing the many varying interest categories involved with health care facilities and their systems and equipment. The better the req
41、uirements of the code are understood, applied, and enforced, the better protected patients, caregivers, and visitors will be in health care facilities.Jonathan HartvPrefaceBK-NFPA-99HB15-140270-FM.indd 5 10/20/2014 1:14:26 PMBK-NFPA-99HB15-140270-FM.indd 6 10/20/2014 1:14:26 PMWhen this handbook was
42、 in its very early stages, I stumbled upon a video that was focused on patient-care providers. It was a very powerful video on empathy and on understanding the many difficulties, emotional and otherwise, that patients, staff, and visitors within a health care facility can be experiencing. This made
43、me pause and think for a moment; and while not as direct as the care of a nurse or doctor, those responsible for the administration of codes and standards that protect those people do provide a certain peace of mind. Whether they know it or not, the fact that the occupants of these buildings dont ne
44、ed to worry about the quality of medical gas they are breathing, whether there will be backup power upon utility failure, if the electrical equipment will shock them, whether the oxygen cylinders are stored properly, or if the facility is prepared for any sort of disaster, means that they are able t
45、o focus on the things that matter to them and be protected while doing so. While it may go unnoticed and is certainly not the most glamorous side of health care, those who apply this code do play a role in improving the quality of health care for patients, staff, and visitors; and for that reason I
46、acknowledge all of those who use NFPA 99 and other codes and standards within the health care environment.The 2015 edition of NFPA 99 was developed over the course of 3 years by dedicated mem-bers of the seven technical committees and the correlating committee. All of the members are volunteers and
47、have dedicated many long hours in updating this code, through their work in task groups, traveling to and participating in committee meetings, and reviewing and voting on the proposed changes. While they do not always agree on every or some may argue, any issue, the experience they bring to the tabl
48、e and the debates that they have truly improve the code for the better. I am very thankful for all of their work on continuously improving the code. Many of these committee members have contributed to past editions of this handbook, and their impact is still seen throughout this edition. Several of
49、those technical committee members contributed to the development of this edition of the handbook, and I would like to recognize them for their efforts: Chad Beebe Dave Dagenais Jason DAntona Keith Ferrari Phil Gioia Alan Lipschultz Rob SheffieldThe tenth edition of the Health Care Facilities Code Handbook is also the result of sub-stantial contributions by many talented people. I am grateful to many colleagues who pro-vided support and assistance. I must also thank my predecessors who acted as editors for the first nine editions of
