1、 The following commercial specification is an original Parachute Industry Association specification. _ CLOTH, PARACHUTE, NYLON The Parachute Industry Association makes this document available for use by Industry and Government organizations that wish to apply this specification to their products. 1.
2、 SCOPE 1.1 Scope. This specification covers two types of nylon cloth for fabrication of parachutes. 1.2 Type designation. The nylon cloth shall be of the following two types and weaves as specified (see 6.2): Type I - 1.27 to 1.39 oz./sq. yd. (45 2g/sq. m) with 55 to 90 cfm air permeability having a
3、 plain weave Type II - 1.39 to 1.56 oz./sq. yd. (50 3g/sq. m) with 20 to 50 cfm air permeability having a rip stop weave. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 General. The documents listed in this section are specified in Sections 3 and 4 of this specification. This section does not include documents cited i
4、n other sections of this specification nor is it recommended for additional information or as examples. While every effort has been made to ensure the completeness of this list, document users are cautioned that they must meet all specified requirements of the documents cited in Sections 3 and 4 of
5、this specification, whether or not they are listed. 2.2 Government publications. 2.2.1 Government publication. The following Government publication forms a part of this document. STANDARDS FEDERAL FED-STD- 595 - Colors Used in Government Procurements A-A-59826 - Thread, Nylon PIA-C-2005 07 July 2014
6、 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT: All Rights Reserved. No Part of this publication may be reproduced without prior written permission from Parachute Industry Association. Additional copies may be purchased on-line from PIA Specifications and Standards at: . Copyright Protected: Do Not Copy!PIA-C-2005 (Unless
7、 otherwise indicated, copies of the above specifications and standards are available from the Standardization Documents Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094. Electronic copies of military and federal standards and specifications may be obtained from https:/assist.
8、daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/.) FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION (FTC) 16 CFR 303 - Rules and Regulations Under the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act (Copies are available online at: www.ftc.gov or from the Federal Trade Commission, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, DC 20580-0001. Electronic co
9、pies may also be obtained from http:/www.access.gpo.gov/.) 2.3 Non-government publications. The following documents form a part of this document. AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF TEXTILE CHEMISTS AND COLORISTS (AATCC) AATCC 8 - Colorfastness to Crocking: Crockmeter Method AATCC 16 - Colorfastness to Light AA
10、TCC 81 - pH of the Water-Extract from Wet Processed Textiles AATCC 192 - Weather Resistance of Textiles: Sunshine-Arc Lamp Exposure with and without Wetting AATCC Evaluation Procedures: - 1 Gray Scale for Color Change - 2 Gray Scale for Staining - 8 AATCC 9 - Step Chromatic Transference Scale - 9 Vi
11、sual Assessment of Color Difference Textiles. (Applications for copies should be addressed to the AATCC National Headquarters, P.O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2215. Electronic copies may be obtained from www.aatcc.org .) AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR QUALITY (ASQ) ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 - Sampling Pr
12、ocedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes (Copies are available online at: www.asq.org or American Society For Quality, 600 North Plankinton Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53203.) ASTM INTERNATIONAL (ASTM) ASTM D 276 - Standard Test Methods for Identification of Fibers in Textiles ASTM D 434 - Standar
13、d Test Method for Resistance to Slippage of Yarns in Woven Fabrics Using a Standard Seam ASTM D 629 - Standard Test Method for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles ASTM D 737 - Standard Test Method for Air Permeability of Textile Fabrics ASTM D 1776 - Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Text
14、iles Page 2 of 22 Copyright Protected: Do Not Copy!PIA-C-2005 ASTM D 1777 - Standard Test Method for Thickness of Textile Materials ASTM D 2261 - Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine) ASTM D 3774
15、 - Standard Test Method for Width of Textile Fabric ASTM D 3775 - Standard Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick) Count of Woven Fabrics ASTM D 3776 - Standard Test Method for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) of Fabric ASTM D 3882 - Standard Test Method for Bow and Skew in Woven and Knitted Fabric
16、s ASTM D 5035 - Standard Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of Textile Fabrics (Strip Method) ASTM D 6193 - Standard Practice for Stitches and Seams ASTM G 151 - Standard Practice for Exposing NonMetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices That Use Laboratory Light Sources ASTM G 155 -
17、 Standard Practice for Operating Xenon Arc Light Apparatus for Exposure of Non-Metallic Materials Sources (Application for copies should be addressed to the ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Electronic copies may be obtained from www.astm.org/.) PARACHUTE I
18、NDUSTRY ASSOCIATION (PIA) PIA-STD-503 - PERMANENCE OF SET AND SHRINKAGE IN PARACHUTE FABRICS (Electronic copies may be obtained from .) 2.4 Order of precedence. Unless otherwise noted herein or in the contract, in the event of a conflict between the text of this document and the references cited he
19、rein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 3. REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Yarn. The nylon yarn used in the manufacture of all parachute fabric shall be continuous multifilament, b
20、right, high tenacity polyamide 6,6. The yarn shall not be bleached in any manner or process. 3.1.1 Recycled, recovered or environmentally preferable materials. Recycled, recovered and environmentally preferable material should be used to the maximum extent possible, provided that the material meets
21、or exceeds the operational and maintenance requirements, and promotes economically advantageous life cycle costs. 3.2 Yarn twist. Any yarn twist (warp and filling) is acceptable provided all requirements for this specification are met. Page 3 of 22 Copyright Protected: Do Not Copy!PIA-C-2005 3.3 Wea
22、ve. The weave patterns for Types I and Type II cloth shall be in accordance with FIGURES 1 and 2 respectively. 3.4 Standard. The finished cloth shall match the standard for shade and appearance and shall be equal to or better than the standard with respect to all characteristics for which the standa
23、rd is referenced (see 6.3). 3.5 Physical and chemical properties. The physical and chemical properties of the finished cloth shall conform to TABLE I and the following subparagraphs thereto. The frequency of testing shall be 5 tests across the width of the delivered fabric. The test methods in TABLE
24、 IV shall be followed. TABLE I Physical requirements. Characteristics Type I Type II Weight, ounces/square yard (maximum) 1.39 1.56 Yarns per inch (minimum): Warp Filling 106 89 110 110 Breaking strength 1/ , pounds/inch (minimum): Warp Filling 62 47 50 50 Elongation 1/ , percent (warp and filling)
25、(minimum) 20 20 Tear strength 1/ , pounds (warp and filling) (minimum) 5.4 7.5 Thickness, inches, (maximum) 0.004 0.004 Air permeability, cubic feet/minute/square foot 55-90 20-50 Note: 1/All individual values shall meet the specified minimum requirements. 3.6 Finish. The cloth shall be scoured to r
26、emove sizing and other contaminants at a temperature which will not cause fixation of same into cloth or result in permanent setting of the cloth. The cloth shall be heat-set and may be calendered at such a temperature and pressure as required to control the air permeability to the level required by
27、 this specification. The cloth covered by this specification shall not be bleached, resinated or treated with oxalic or phosphoric acid in any manner or process (see 6.4). 3.6.1. Permanence of set. When the cloth is subjected to the test specified in 4.9.1, the permanence of the cloth set shall be a
28、s follows. 3.6.1.1 Air permeability. The average of air permeability readings taken after the testing shall be within 15 percent of the average of the readings taken before testing. The air permeability readings for Type I cloth shall be between 55-90 ft 3 /min/ft 2after testing as specified in TABL
29、E IV. The air permeability readings for Type II cloth shall be 20-50 ft 3 /min/ft 2after testing as specified in TABLE IV. Page 4 of 22 Copyright Protected: Do Not Copy!PIA-C-2005 3.6.1.2 Shrinkage. The cloth shrinkage measured after testing shall not exceed 3 percent in the warp and 2 percent in th
30、e filling direction. 3.6.2 Thickness. The thickness of the Types I and II cloth shall not exceed 0.004 inches after testing as specified in TABLE IV. 3.6.3 Coating. Both Types I and II nylon cloth shall be uncoated. 3.6.4 Water-soluble material. The water-soluble material of the finished cloth shall
31、 not exceed 2 percent, when tested as specified in TABLE IV. 3.6.5 pH. The pH value of the finished cloth shall not be less than 5.5 or more than 9.0 when tested as specified in TABLE IV. 3.6.6 Light and heat resistance. The cloth shall not lose more than 25 percent of its original strength when tes
32、ted in accordance with 4.9.2. 3.6.7 Seam slippage. The load required to separate the seam shall not be less than 10 pounds in either the warp or filling directions, when tested in accordance with 4.9.4. 3.7 Color. The color of the finished cloth and its referenced standard shall be as specified by t
33、he procuring activity (see 6.2). 3.7.1 Dyeing. When dyed fabric is required, the fabric shall be yarn or piece dyed. 3.7.2 Visual shade matching. When evaluated in accordance with 4.9.5, the color of the dyed fabric shall match the standard when viewed with sources simulating artificial daylight, an
34、d shall be a good match to the standard under incandescent lamplight. 3.7.3 Colorfastness. When tested as specified in 4.5, the finished fabric shall show fastness to light and crocking as follows: Notes: 1/Rating using the AATCC Evaluation Procedure 1, Gray Scale for Color Change. 2/Rating using th
35、e AATCC Evaluation Procedure 8 and AATCC 9 Step Chromatic Transference Scale. 3.8 Dimension. 3.8.1 Width. Unless otherwise specified, the width of the finished fabric shall be at least 62 inches. The acceptable width shall be inclusive of the selvages but exclusive of fringed ends produced on shuttl
36、eless looms during weaving (see 6.2). The selvage shall be hot slit and sealed against raveling, unless otherwise specified. Characteristic Rating, minimum Light (Fade) 1/3-4 Crocking: 2/ Dry Wet 3.5 3.5 Page 5 of 22 Copyright Protected: Do Not Copy!PIA-C-2005 3.8.2 Length and put up. Unless otherwi
37、se specified a shippers roll shall be a minimum of 100 yards with a minimum piece size of 50 yards. A shippers roll shall have a maximum of two splices with no more than 10 percent of the yards ordered containing splices. 3.8.3 Bias (skew) and bow in fabric. Bias (skew) and bow shall be measured acc
38、ording to ASTM D 3882. Requirements shall be as listed in TABLE V Classification of Defects. 3.9 Age. The cloth shall not be more than 3 years old from the date of manufacture to the date of fabrication of parachute assemblies. 3.9.1 Date of manufacture. The date of manufacture is defined as the dat
39、e (month and year) of the last manufacturing processing that affects the physical characteristics of the cloth. This would not include slitting, inspection or rewinding. 3.10 Identification. 3.10.1 Identification of fiber. Each roll of the finished fabric shall be labeled or ticketed and invoiced fo
40、r fiber content in accordance with the Rules and Regulations Under the Textile Fiber Products Identification Act. 3.10.2 Identification of product. Each roll of finished cloth shall be marked for identification in accordance with good commercial practice. In addition, each piece of cloth in each rol
41、l shall be clearly and legibly marked with the finishers roll number or code, and each roll shall have attached a durable tag on which the finishers roll number or code is listed. The date of manufacture (see 3.9.1) of the cloth shall be included on the tag attached to each roll. 3.11 Workmanship. T
42、he finished cloth shall be clean and evenly woven and shall conform to the quality and grade of product established by this specification, and the occurrence of defects shall not exceed the applicable Acceptance Quality Limit. The finished cloth shall not show spottiness or be off shade of the stand
43、ard range. The finished cloth shall not have an objectionable odor (Normal residual odor of chemicals commonly used shall not be regarded as objectionable.). 3.12 First article. When specified (see 6.2), a sample representative of the production quality shall be subjected to the first article inspec
44、tion in accordance with 4.3. 4. VERIFICATION 4.1 Classification for inspection. Unless otherwise specified in the contract or purchase order, the contractor is responsible for the performance of all inspection requirements (examinations and tests) as specified herein. Except as otherwise specified i
45、n the contract or purchase order, the contractor may use his own or any other facilities suitable for the performance of the inspection requirements specified herein, unless disapproved by the procuring activity. The procuring activity reserves the right to perform any of the inspections set forth i
46、n the specification where such inspections are deemed necessary to assure supplies and services conform to prescribed requirements. 4.1.1 Responsibility for compliance. All items shall meet all requirements of Sections 3, 4 and 5. The inspections set forth in this specification shall become a part o
47、f the contractors Page 6 of 22 Copyright Protected: Do Not Copy!PIA-C-2005 overall inspection system or quality program. The absence of any inspection requirements in the specification shall not relieve the contractor of the responsibility of ensuring that all products or supplies submitted to the p
48、rocuring activity for acceptance comply with all requirements of the contract. Sampling inspection, as part of manufacturing operations, is an acceptable practice to ascertain conformance to the requirements, however, this does not authorize submission of known defective material, either indicated o
49、r actual, nor does it commit the procuring activity to accept defective material. 4.1.2 Certification of Compliance. A Certificate of Compliance shall be prepared for each lot of material offered for acceptance (see 4.5.1). The certificate shall include all quantitative data resulting from specified chemical and mechanical tests. Qualitative results of nondestructive tests, and other inspections or tests, shall be recorded on the certificate. The certificate shall also state th
