1、Public Lessons Learned Entry: 5296 Lesson Info: Lesson Number: 5296 Submitting Organization: KSC Submitted by: Damon Stambolian Subject: Use of Physical Mockup Analysis to Improve Ground Processing Abstract: Physical mockups were used to perform a human factors analysis to improve the ground process
2、ing of the Constellation Programs (CxP) Ares-1 and Orion, verify ground processing requirements for flight hardware, and validate ground activities. The inclusion of infrared motion capture analysis with the physical mockups improved the human factors analysis and also helped to facilitate developme
3、nt of detailed work instructions and improve training materials. Analyses were accomplished by first developing a timeline of events that included each activity, and then each activity was analyzed by operability and human factors experts with spacecraft processing experience. A human factors analys
4、is tool was adapted for this activity. Several human factors and operations experts were brought together in a small team to perform this analysis. Following each issue discovered during the analysis, the necessary analysis design engineers were brought into the process to address the issue for desi
5、gn improvements. Description of Driving Event: CxP was composed of an array of vehicles for use to go to the Moon and Mars. The CxP vehicle was designed to go through several stages of processing before being launched at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). To have efficient and effective ground processi
6、ng inside and outside the vehicle, all of the ground processing activities should be analyzed. A timeline of events was developed that included each activity, and analysis of each activity by operability and human factors experts with spacecraft processing experience was performed on the hardware/hu
7、man interactions affecting the human performance during assembly, maintenance, and inspection at KSC. The timeline analysis reviewed each step of the ground processing of the vehicle as it went through different stages of processing at KSC. The procedure used to gather data for analysis was accompli
8、shed by observing human activities within physical mockups. The analysis data was used for training, and in development of detailed work instructions. When an issue was discovered in the timeline, applicable standards were married with the issue. These standards mainly came from the Federal Aviation
9、 Administration (FAA) Human Factors Design Standards (HFDS). This process stripped out the applicable FAA requirements that applied to ground processing of the vehicle, based on the operations methodologies specially derived by the Ground Operations Project (GOP) to meet the CxP directives. Lesson(s
10、) Learned: Physical mockups were a great way to analyze and verify the ground processing requirements for flight hardware and to validate the ground activities. Physical mockups can also be used for training and developing detailed work instructions and training tools. Video and infrared motion capt
11、ure can improve the proactive training materials so that while designs are being evaluated and improved, knowledge gained and files collected from the same motion capture effort can be used to develop training and work instructions. The NASA CxP program-level human factors requirements document Huma
12、n-Systems Integration Requirements (HSIR) greatly promoted better human factors systems engineering and integration. This improved the integration between ground systems and crewed vehicle designs for ground processing. Early collaboration and planning between the flight and ground hardware designer
13、s for the human factors operability engineering analysis (HFEA) is necessary. Timeline analysis is a great way to analyze and improve the design of ground and flight hardware interfaces for ground processing of the ground equipment, as well as the flight and ground hardware interface. Although the H
14、uman Factors Operability Engineering Analysis (HFOEA) was primarily applied to Orion and ground systems to improve the design of hardware for better human factors and operations, some areas of HFOEA can be used to improve the work operations documents and processes, e.g., for hazard warning signs be
15、ing called out in the work steps. Recommendation(s): 1. Employ qualified human factors person/s on teams from the beginning of the project. 2. Promote more standardized and integrated mockup processes and designs across the Agency. 3. Share mockups across Centers, projects and commercial partners. 4
16、. Embed mockup analysis as part of the engineering processes as one option for the appropriate HFEA. 5. Future mockups should also include more collaboration with the GSE. 6. Continue applying these processes and collaborations to future NASA missions, specifically the timeline option to the Human F
17、actors Engineering Analysis Tool (HFEAT), where applicable. 7. Embed HFEA and HFOEA as part of the engineering processes as a decision tool to choose from for the appropriate human factors engineering analysis. 8. Continue using the design visualization process, where operations personnel meet with
18、the design visualization personnel in the design visualization lab to review the flight and GSE designs for human factors. These important meetings with the operations personnel and design engineers using the actual flight and ground designs loaded into the design visualization tools were a great he
19、lp. 9. Introduce motion capture analysis into applicable activities during the human factors operability engineering timeline analysis, especially where a worksite analysis is needed, or where two or more projects interface, e.g., Ares/Orion/GO. Motion capture allows for quicker, simpler, real-to-li
20、fe simulations, and the computer models include the computer-aided design (CAD) flight hardware and human Avatar, in which the envelope spaces between the human and flight hardware can be viewed, and the stresses to the human can be computed. 10. Promote more HFEOA timeline analyses with the ground
21、support equipment, such as the flight and ground interface at the umbilical plates and the ground commodity connections to flight hardware. 11. Use the design problems and solutions from this HFEOA effort to improve the NASA-STD-3001, NASA Space Flight Human System Standard Provided by IHSNot for Re
22、saleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-Volume 1: Crew Health and Volume 2: Human Factors, Habitability, and Environmental Health., to promote better NASA human factors systems engineering and integration in future programs. Refer to the papers on Human Factors Analy
23、sis to Improve the Processing of Ares-1 Launch Vehicle and Human Factors Operability Timeline Analysis to Improve the Processing Flow of the Orion Spacecraft for additional information and photographs. Evidence of Recurrence Control Effectiveness: N/A Documents Related to Lesson: Human Factors Analy
24、sis to Improve the Processing of Ares-1 Launch Vehicle, Gregory M. Dippolito and Damon B. Stambolian, NASA, KSC, FL 32899; co-authors KSC/Bao Nguyen, MSFC/Charles Dischinger, KSC/Donald Tran, KSC/Gena Henderson, and NESC/Tim Barth. Human Factors Operability Timeline Analysis to Improve the Processin
25、g Flow of the Orion Spacecraft, Roland Schlierf and Damon B. Stambolian, NASA Kennedy Space Center (KSC); co-authors: KSC/Darcy Miller, Juan Posada, Mike Haddock, Donald Tran, Gena Henderson; and NESC/Tim Barth. NASA-STD-3001, NASA Space Flight Human System Standard Volume 1: Crew Health and Volume
26、2: Human Factors, Habitability, and Environmental Health, accessible at https:/standards.nasa.gov. Mission Directorate(s): Exploration Systems Additional Key Phrase(s): Missions and Systems Requirements Definition.Human factors impact on mission design Systems Engineering and Analysis.Human factors
27、Engineering Design (Phase C/D).Human Factors/Habitability Mission Operations and Ground Support Systems.Ground processing and manifesting Additional Info: Project: Constellation Program Approval Info: Approval Date: 2012-09-12 Approval Name: mbell Approval Organization: HQ Provided by IHSNot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-
