1、AEROSPACE INFORMATION REPORTAIR1093REV.AIssued 1969-12Reaffirmed 2008-02Revised 2002-04Numeral, Letter and Symbol Dimensions forAircraft Instrument Displays1. SCOPE:The purpose of this AIR is to provide recommendations for the minimum dimensions of characters and symbols used in aircraft instrument
2、dials and panel displays as related to the conditions stated in para. 3.Numerous variables influence the legibility of aircraft instrument dial characters. This situation makes it very difficult, if not impossible, to establish an exact act of rules for optimizing all installations.Character size, o
3、ne of the important considerations, can be optimized where adequate dial space exists. Usually this is not the case and the designer is faced with placing the information in a limited space while continuing to strive for error-free legibility. Appropriate minimum size requirements have been stated h
4、erein for guidance in air transport use.2. REFERENCES:Spragg Visual Presentation of Information. Baker The Design of Digits. Crook Design for Legibility of Visual Displays, Bendix Radio Division, Bendix Aviation Corporation, Baltimore, Md.Fogel, L. J.: Biotechnology Concepts and Applications. 1963 (
5、Prentice-Hall).Morgan, Cook, Chapanis, Lund: Human Engineering Guide Equipment Design. 1963. (McGraw-Hill).SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and
6、its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comm
7、ents and suggestions. Copyright 2008 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
8、SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE AIR1093 Revision A- 2 -2. (Continued):MIL-STD-803A-1 (USAF)-083A-2; Human Engineering Design Criteria for A
9、erospace Systems and Equipment. 1/27/64.Woodson Panels, Information, Integrally Illuminated, April 14, 1967.U. S. Army Technical Note 2/68; Aircraft Instrument Panel Placement. Barnes, J. A., January 1968, Human Engineering Laboratories, Aberdeen Proving Grounds.MIL-STD-1472; Human Engineering Desig
10、n Criteria for Military Systems, Equipment, and Facilities.2/9/68.FED STD 595B Paint Color SpecificationsFederal Supply ServiceStandards and Specifications OfficeSuite 8100470 LEnfant Plaza SWWashington, D.C. 204073. GENERAL ENVIRONMENT:3.1 Viewing Distance:Nominal 29 inchesMinimum 10 inchesMaximum
11、40 inches3.2 Marking Requirements:a. Light characters on dark backgroundb. Minimum character brightness - 0.3 Foot Lambertsc. Brightness ContrastWhite on Black - 12 (or greater)Grey on Black - 5 (or greater)Yellow on Black - 5 (or greater)White on Grey - 5 (or greater)d. Color of illumination - whit
12、eSAE AIR1093 Revision A- 3 -4. NUMERAL, LETTER AND DIAL REQUIREMENTS:4.1 Color of Finish:Characterand symbols - White FED. STD 595B Color No. 37875Yellow FED. STD 595B Color No. 33538Background - Black FED. STD 595B Color No. 37038Grey FED. STD 595B Color No. 363734.2 Dimensions:TABLE 14.3 Grouping:
13、Character spacing - 1 stroke width, minimum.Word spacing - 1 character width, minimum.Graduation - Character spacing - 1 stroke width, minimum.SAE AIR1093 Revision A- 4 -4.4 Suggested Styles (Not listed in order of preference):MIL Standard MS33558 (ASG) Rev. 1-26-68AMELMackworthBergerFutura Medium5.
14、 GLOSSARY:a. ILLUMINATION - Illumination is the density of luminous flux on a surface; it is equal to the flux divided by the area when the latter is uniformly illuminated.b. LUMEN - The lumen is the unit of luminous flux. It is equal to the flux through a unit solid angle from a uniform point sourc
15、e of one candle, or the flux on a unit surface all points of which are at unit distance from a uniform point source of one candle.c. CANDLE - The candle is the unit of luminous intensity. It is defined as 1/60 of the intensity of one square centimeter of a black body radiator at the temperature of s
16、olidification of platinum (2,046K).d. FOOTCANDLE - The footcandle is the unit of illumination, equal to the illumination on a surface one square foot in area on which there is a uniformly distributed flux of one lumen, or illumination on a surface a distance of one foot from a uniform point source o
17、f one candle.e. BRIGHTNESS - Brightness is the luminous intensity of any surface in a given direction per unit of projected area of the surface as viewed from that direction.f. FOOTLAMBERT - The footlambert is a unit of brightness equal to the uniform brightness of a perfectly diffusing surface emit
18、ting or reflecting light at the rate of one lumen per square foot. The average brightness of any reflecting surface in footlamberts is the product of the illumination in footcandles by the reflection factor of the surface.g. BRIGHTNESS CONTRAST - Brightness contrast refers to the brightness differen
19、ce between a viewed object (the dial marking) and its adjacent background. It is expressed as follows:(Eq. 1)Bois the brightness of the object in Foot Lamberts (F.L.) and Bbis the brightness of the background surface.h. LUMINOUS - Emitting or seeming to emit a steady diffused light that is reflected or produced from within.i. LUMINOSITY - The quality or state of being luminous.PREPARED UNDER THE JURISDICTION OFSAE COMMITTEE A-4, AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENTSContrast “C”BoBbBb-=
