1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2014 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AIR36106A AEROSPACE INFORMATION REPORT AIR36106 REV. A Issued 2006-03 Revised 200
5、8-08 Reaffirmed 2014-02 Superseding AIR36106 Air Cargo Unit Load Devices - Use of Airworthiness Reference Documents RATIONALE AIR36106A has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 2 1.1 Purpose. 2 1.2 Field of Application 2 2. REFERENCES 2 2.1 Refer
6、ence Documents 2 2.1.1 SAE Publications. 2 2.1.2 U.S. Government Publications 3 2.1.3 European Union Publications 3 2.1.4 AIA Publications 3 2.1.5 International Standards. 3 2.1.6 IATA Standards. 4 2.2 Terms and Definitions . 4 3. GENERAL . 5 3.1 Unit Load Devices. 5 3.2 Aircraft Restraint Systems 5
7、 4. USE OF AS36100A. 6 4.1 Sequence 6 4.2 ULD Identification 6 4.3 ULD Configuration 6 4.4 ULD Testing Restraint. 8 5. USE OF NAS 3610 . 8 5.1 Sequence 8 5.2 Notes. 10 6. SUBSTANTIATION METHODS 10 7. NOTES 11 TABLE 1 AS36100A / NAS 3610 REV.10 ULD CONFIGURATIONS COMPARISON(1) (2)12 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purp
8、ose 1.1.1 This SAE Aerospace Information Report (AIR) provides instructions for intended proper use of Aerospace Standard AS36100A, published 2006-04 TSO pending, as the technical reference for airworthiness approval of air cargo unit load devices (pallets, nets and containers) to be loaded on board
9、 civil transport aircraft. For consistency and cross-checking purposes, it also includes instructions for proper use of previous NAS 3610 Revision 10, 1990, referenced in TSO C90c, as commonly understood by the industry. 1.1.2 This AIR does not provide detailed background or rationale for the techni
10、cal contents of AS36100A, which are separately provided in AIR36108, AS36100A background and development record. 1.1.3 AS36100A exclusively defines the general geometric parameters (insofar as they affect restraint on board aircraft), minimum performance requirements and testing parameters of unit l
11、oad devices. Additional areas as per AS36100A paragraph 1.1, such as continued airworthiness and maintenance requirements, design and testing methods, unit load devices design specifications and accessories, and rules for proper operation/utilization and operating staff training also need to be cons
12、idered for designing unit load devices, and are covered by other documents, listed in AIR36105A. 1.2 Field of Application 1.2.1 This AIR is intended to provide AS36100A users including Airworthiness Authorities, unit load devices designers, purchasers and operators as well as civil transport aircraf
13、t and aircraft cargo systems designers within the industry, with a single agreed method for using AS36100A to determine applicable airworthiness requirements. 1.2.2 In the same way, it is intended to provide them with the commonly understood though more complex method for using NAS 3610 Revision 10,
14、 1990, referenced in TSO C90c, to determine the airworthiness requirements applicable to unit load devices approved or to be approved under TSO C90c (e.g., because their size or type are not covered in AS36100A). 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Reference Documents The publications listed herein were duly taken in
15、to consideration when developing AS36100A and this AIR. When referring to them, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of publication of AS36100A (2006-04) or its latest revision. Nothing in these document
16、s, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. ARP1
17、334 Ground Equipment Requirements for Compatibility with Aircraft Unit Load Devices AS1825 Methodology of Calculating Aircraft Cargo Volumes AS33601 Track and Stud Fitting for Cargo Transport Aircraft, Standard Dimensions for AS36100A Air Cargo Unit Load Devices - Performance Requirements and Test P
18、arameters AS36101 Air Cargo Unit Load Devices - Load Distribution Model SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR36106A Page 2 of 14_ AS36102 Air Cargo Unit Load Devices - Testing Methods ARP36103 Air Cargo Unit Load Devices - Center of Gravity Control Methods ARP36104A Air Cargo Pallets and Nets Compatibility AIR36105
19、A Air Cargo Unit Load Devices - Reference Standards AIR36108 AS36100 Background and Development Record NOTE: Where no revision letter is indicated, check the latest published revision number on the SAE web site. Numerous other unit load device related SAE documents may also be concerned: see AIR3610
20、5A. 2.1.2 U.S. Government Publications Available from U.S. Government Printing Office, Mail Stop SSOP, Washington DC 20402-9325, www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr and the FAA website www.airweb.faa.gov/rgl. Title 14 CFR (FAR) Part 21 - Certification Procedures for Products and Parts, Subpart O - Technical Stan
21、dard Order Authorizations FAA Technical Standard Order (TSO) C90, Cargo Pallets, Nets and Containers Title 14 CFR (FAR) Part 25 - Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category Airplanes 2.1.3 European Union Publications Available from European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), Otto Platz 1, Kln Deutz, Po
22、stfach 101253, D-50452 Cologne, Germany, Tel. +49-221-8999-000, www.easa.eu.int EASA CS-ETSO, Certification Specifications for European Technical Standard Orders European Technical Standard Order (ETSO) C90, Cargo Pallets, Nets and Containers EASA CS-25, Certification Specifications for Large Aeropl
23、anes 2.1.4 AIA Publications Available from Aerospace Industries Association, 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 1700, Arlington, VA 22209-3928, Tel: 703-358-1000, www.aia-aerospace.org. NAS 3610 Cargo unit load devices - Specification for - Revision 10, 1990, referenced by TSO C90c 2.1.5 International Sta
24、ndards Available from American National Standards Institute, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002, Tel: 212-642-4900, www.ansi.org, or International Organization for Standardization, 1, rue de Varembe, Case postale 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +41 22 749 01 11, www.iso.org, or an
25、y of the national Standards Institutes worldwide, Members of ISO. ISO 4116 Air cargo equipment - Ground equipment requirements for compatibility with aircraft unit load devices ISO 7166 Aircraft - Rail and stud configuration ISO 8097 Aircraft - Minimum airworthiness requirements and test conditions
26、for certified air cargo unit load devices 4th edition, 2001, referenced by ETSO C90c SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR36106A Page 3 of 14_ ISO 9788 Air cargo equipment - Cast component of double-stud fitting assembly with a load capacity of 22 250 N (5 000 lbf) for aircraft cargo restraint ISO 10046 Aircraft -
27、Methodology of calculating cargo compartments volume ISO 11242 Aircraft - Pressure equalization requirements for cargo containers ISO 21100 Air cargo unit load devices - Performance requirements and testing parameters in preparation, ETSO pending 2.1.6 IATA Standards IATA Standard Specifications con
28、cerning air cargo unit load devices are published in the IATA Unit Load Devices Technical Manual (UTM), available from the International Air Transport Association, Publications Assistant, 800 Place Victoria, P.O. Box 113, Montreal, Quebec H4Z 1M1, Canada, Tel: 1-514-874-0202, www.iata.org. 2.2 Terms
29、 and Definitions For the purposes of the present AIR and listed documents, the following terms and definitions apply unless otherwise defined in the document: CIVIL TRANSPORT AIRCRAFT: An aircraft, type certificated under 14CFR Part 25 or EASA CS-25, operated for civil commercial transport of passen
30、gers or freight, and capable of carrying air cargo unit load devices for baggage or freight. CONTAINER (AIR CARGO -): A rigid structure which interfaces directly with the aircraft cargo handling and restraint system and alone performs all the functions of a unit load device. INSTALLATION: The fact o
31、f installing a unit load device for flight into an aircrafts cargo compartment and restraint system. NET (AIR CARGO PALLET -): A webbing or rope net for restraining load onto an air cargo pallet. PALLET (AIR CARGO -): A unit load device consisting of a flat platform with flat undersurface of standar
32、d dimensions, on which goods are assembled and secured by a net before being loaded as a unit onto the aircraft, and which interfaces directly with the aircraft handling and restraint system. RESTRAINT SYSTEM: Equipment for supporting and restraining unit load devices in an aircraft against the grou
33、nd/flight loads. It usually consists of such items as rollers, side guides and locks for securing unit load devices to the aircraft structure. It does not include unit load devices, barrier nets and tie-down straps. TYPE 1 ULD: A unit load device designed for use in an approved aircraft restraint sy
34、stem that conforms to all flight and ground cargo restraint and occupant protection requirements of Title 14 CFR Part 25, including the 9.0g forward ultimate inertia force of 25.561 (b)(3)(ii). TYPE 2 ULD: A unit load device designed for use in an approved aircraft cargo compartment and restraint sy
35、stem that conforms to the flight and ground cargo restraint and occupant protection requirements of Title 14 CFR Part 25, except for the 9.0g forward ultimate inertia force of 25.561 (b)(3)(ii), which is complied with either by supplementary installation of a barrier net or bulkhead, or by specifyin
36、g an approved placement of the ULD in the aircraft. UNIT LOAD DEVICE (ULD): Device for grouping, transferring and restraining cargo for transit. It may consist of a pallet with a net or it may be a container. UTILIZATION: All actions pertaining to operational use of a unit load device, including ins
37、pection, build-up, securing, ground transport, loading, and installation aboard aircraft. SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR36106A Page 4 of 14_ 3. GENERAL 3.1 Unit Load Devices 3.1.1 The purpose of using AS36100A or NAS 3610 is to determine performance requirements and test parameters for airworthiness approval
38、 of a unit load device (container, pallet net or pallet). 3.1.2 This process is independent from the aircraft type(s) the unit load device is to be carried on. It only determines ultimate load capabilities under defined restraint conditions, for airworthiness approval under a ULD configuration of Te
39、chnical Standard Order TSO C90. The aircraft parameters (structural requirements, certified flight envelope load factors in each direction, actual restraint system) determine the maximum allowable capability of a ULD with a given TSO configuration code at a given position in the aircraft. This is pu
40、blished for the operators in the Authority approved Weight and Balance Manual (WBM) for the aircraft type or sub-type concerned, that controls ULD utilization. NOTE: The approved Weight and Balance Manual may be issued by either: - the aircraft Type Certificate (TC) owner, usually the aircrafts manu
41、facturer, or - a Supplemental Type Certificate (STC) holder. In either case, it defines the Authority approved methods and parameters of installation of unit load devices on board the aircraft, and shall be systematically referred to and complied with. 3.1.3 Only Type 2 ULDs of the most commonly use
42、d sizes are specified in AS36100A (see 4). Type 1 ULDs, commonly referred to as “9 g“, and other sizes are specified only in NAS 3610 Revision 10, 1990, referenced by TSO C90c (see Section 5). 3.2 Aircraft Restraint Systems 3.2.1 AS36100A or NAS 3610 are not intended or suitable for the purpose of d
43、esigning aircraft unit load devices restraint systems or defining the sole requirements there for. Particularly, the restraint conditions (RCs) shown in these documents (e.g., Section 8 of AS36100A) do not intend to represent actual aircraft restraint cases, but to define a uniform ultimate load cap
44、ability assessment system for the unit load devices themselves, regardless of the aircraft restraint systems actual geometry. 3.2.2 However, any aircraft restraint systems for civil transport aircraft - unless intended for special purposes - should be designed to be capable of restraining unit load
45、devices TSO C90 approved in accordance with either of these airworthiness reference documents. 3.2.3 Accordingly, AS36100A or NAS 3610 ULD restraint conditions are intended only for testing or analyzing the ultimate load performance of the ULDs. The capability for the same TSO approved ULD within a
46、given actual aircraft restraint system must be derived from that established performance level, taking into account the differences with the reference ULD testing condition. SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR36106A Page 5 of 14_ 4. USE OF AS36100A 4.1 Sequence The following sequence should be used when referring
47、 to AS36100A: Step 1: Determine the base size, ULD type and ULD form (Container, Net, Pallet) desired. Step 2: Go to the ULD configuration (UC) sheet for the base size to determine the geometric requirements for the size and form, the minimum base area load requirements, the required ultimate loads
48、and Center of Gravity (CG) eccentricities. Step 3: Determine the applicable testing restraint condition (RC) by going to the relevant RC sheet(s). Paragraphs 4.2, 4.3 and 4.4 hereafter provide the details and, where useful, interpretations for each of steps 1, 2 and 3. 4.2 ULD Identification 4.2.1 Check the list of ULD configurations (UC)
