1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board 5XOHVSURYLGHWKDW7KLVUHSRUWLVSXEOLVKHGE6$(WRDGYDQFHWK HVWDWHRIWHFKQLFDODQGHQJLQHHULQJVFLHQFHV7KHXVHRIW his report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement aULVLQJWKHUHIURPLVWKHVROHUHVSRQVLELO
2、LWRIWKHXVHU SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, store
3、d in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 E
4、mail: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/AIR6170A AEROSPACE INFORMATION REPORT AIR6170 REV. A Issued 2012-01 Revised 2017-02 Superseding AIR6170 Ice Melting Test Method fo
5、r Runways and Taxiways Deicing/Anti-icing Chemicals RATIONALE Section 3.5.3 of this SAE Aerospace Information Report has been modified by the addition of KAC 25% w/w solution as a new reference control solution for solid runway deicing/anti-icing chemical. The document also brings some editorial cha
6、nges. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. SCOPE 3 1.1 Minimum Requirements 3 1.2 Hazardous Materials . 3 1.3 Standard Units 3 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 3 2.1 SAE Publications . 3 2.2 ASTM Publications 3 2.3 ISO Publications 3 2.4 Other Reference Documents 4 3. SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD . 4 3.1 Introduction . 4 3.2 Sign
7、ificance and Use 4 3.3 Test Equipment and Materials 4 3.3.1 Material 5 3.3.2 Polystyrene Petri Dish . 5 3.3.3 Test Dish Accessories . 5 3.3.4 Deicing/Anti-icing Chemical Distribution Equipment . 5 3.3.5 Ice Preparation 5 3.3.6 Standard Measuring Devices 6 3.4 General Test Procedure 6 3.5 Deicing/Ant
8、i-Icing Chemical Application Procedure 6 3.5.1 Liquid Runway Deicing/Anti-Icing Chemical . 6 3.5.2 Solid Runway Deicing/Anti-Icing Chemical . 6 3.5.3 Reference Control Solution . 7 3.6 Temperature Regulated Test Enclosures . 8 3.7 Number of Tests 8 3.8 Data Recording and Reporting . 8 SAE INTERNATIO
9、NAL AIR6170A Page 2 of 9 4. NOTES 9 4.1 Revision Indicator 9 FIGURE 1 EXAMPLE OF ICE MELTING SET-UP . 4 FIGURE 2 EXAMPLE OF ICE MELTING RESULTS AT -10 C . 9 TABLE 1 ICE MELTING TEST RESULTS . 8 SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR6170A Page 3 of 9 1. SCOPE This test method provides stakeholders (runway deicing che
10、mical manufacturers, users, regulators, and airport authorities) with relative ice melting capacity of runway deicing chemicals, by measuring the amount of ice melted as a function of time. Such runway deicing chemicals are often also used on taxiways and other paved areas. This test method does not
11、 quantitatively measure the theoretical or extended time ice melting capability of ready-to-use runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals in liquid or solid form. 1.1 Minimum Requirements This method sets the minimum requirements for the determination of ice melting capabilities of AMS1431 and AMS1435 run
12、way deicing/anti-icing chemicals in liquid and solid form as a function of time and temperature under controlled laboratory conditions. 1.2 Hazardous Materials This test may involve the use of hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not address the safety problems associat
13、ed with its use. It is the responsibility of the user to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.3 Standard Units The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The followin
14、g publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and refe
15、rences cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel:
16、 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or +1 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS1431 Compound, Solid Runway and Taxiway Deicing/Anti-Icing AMS1435 Fluid, Generic, Deicing/Anti-Icing, Runways and Taxiways 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box
17、 C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM D1193 Specification for Reagent Water ASTM D1747 Refractive Index of Viscous Materials 2.3 ISO Publications Available from International Organization for Standardization, ISO Central Secretariat, 1, ch. de la Voie-Creuse,
18、 CP 56, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, Tel: +41 22 749 01 11, www.iso.org. ISO 9001-2008 Quality Management Systems Requirements SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR6170A Page 4 of 9 2.4 Other Reference Documents Handbook of Test Methods for Evaluating Chemical Deicers, Strategic Highway Research Program, Nationa
19、l Research Council Washington , DC 1992, SHRP-H-332 3. SUMMARY OF TEST METHOD 3.1 Introduction The test utilizes a sheet of ice of uniform thickness frozen in a flat circular polystyrene petri dish. After equilibration to the desired temperature, a weighed quantity of the runway deicing/anti-icing c
20、hemical is distributed over the surface of the ice sheet (see Figure 1). At specified time intervals, generated brines are removed and the mass difference is calculated in order to obtain the mass of melted ice. Testing temperatures shall be within 0.5 C (1 F) of the stated values and tests shall be
21、 performed within a freezer or a cold chamber. Figure 1 - Example of ice melting test set-up 3.2 Significance and Use This test method provides a means to evaluate and compare the ice melting capabilities of ready-to-use runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals in liquid or solid form over limited, defin
22、ed time intervals at specified temperatures. 3.3 Test Equipment and Materials The following test procedure may be performed on runway deicing/anti-icing chemicals in liquid or solid form. SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR6170A Page 5 of 9 3.3.1 Material a. Polystyrene petri dish, 150 mm (6 inch) diameter and 15
23、 mm (0.6 inch) deep (or equivalent); e.g., BD Falcon disposable petri dishes, sterile, Fisher Scientific cat. # 08-757-148. b. Refrigerator or cold room to store the material at 4 C 1 C (39 F 2 F) c. Cold room or freezer having a temperature control within 0.5 C (1 F) d. Compressed air gun, minimum
24、capacity of 172 kPa (25 psi) e. Graduated cylinder (capacity 100 mL) f. Digital thermometer (or equivalent) g. Digital timer (or equivalent) h. Reagent water ASTM D1193, Type IV (or equivalent) i. Plastic syringe (without needle) with a capacity of 5 to 10 mL j. Disposable polystyrene weighing boat
25、(or equivalent), with a capacity of 5 to 10 g k. Balance (precision 0.01 g) l. ASTM D1193, Type IV water 3.3.2 Polystyrene Petri Dish The ice melting test is performed in the petri dish. The ice surface area corresponds to 0.018 m2 (see Figure 1). The dimensions of the petri dish may be adjusted to
26、accommodate space limitations; however, any changes in the ice surface area may necessitate proportional changes in runway deicing/anti-icing chemical test sample size and/or volume of water used to grow the ice. 3.3.3 Test Dish Accessories A thermometer or temperature sensor serves as a means to ob
27、serve temperature. 3.3.4 Runway Deicing/Anti-Icing Chemical Distribution Equipment 3.3.4.1 Liquid Runway Deicing/Anti-Icing Chemical A plastic syringe is used to distribute the liquid runway deicing/anti-icing chemical. 3.3.4.2 Solid Runway Deicing/Anti-Icing Chemical A disposable plastic weighing b
28、oat is used to distribute the solid runway deicing/anti-icing chemical. 3.3.5 Ice Preparation ASTM D1193 Type IV water has to be used for the ice preparation. The petri dishes and material required for the ice preparation (water, graduated cylinder, etc.) have to be kept at 4 C 1 C (39 F 2 F) for a
29、minimum period of 8 hours prior to preparing the ice. Sixty milliliters of water correspond to an ice thickness of 3.4 mm (0.13 inch) in the test dish. This pre-cooled quantity (60 mL) of ASTM D1193, Type IV water is poured in the petri dish and swirled or stirred to distribute water over the surfac
30、e. The petri dish is then placed on a level surface in a freezer or cold room at -10.0 C 0.5 C (14 F 1 F) within 5 minutes after filling the test dish with water. The uncovered petri dish with the water is kept in the freezer or cold chamber until the water is completely frozen (minimum 8 hours). Th
31、e ice formation period may be prolonged until the water is completely frozen. During the ice formation, it is recommended to maintain ventilation as low as possible to obtain a smoother ice surface. SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR6170A Page 6 of 9 3.3.6 Standard Measuring Devices All temperature sensors, elec
32、tronic balances, and timing devices shall be maintained in a known state of calibration by means of a Quality Management System recognized by an international standards organization such as ISO 9001-2008 (or equivalent). 3.4 General Test Procedure The petri dish containing the ice sheet shall be sto
33、red at the intended test temperature at least 10 hours prior to the test. It has to be weighed at room temperature, typically 20 C 3 C . The value is read from a precision balance within 0.01 g after exactly 20 seconds (= ms). After that, the petri dish is immediately returned into the test chamber.
34、 The test solution (or solid) is applied on the ice surface as uniformly as possible, according to 3.5. A digital timer is activated when runway deicing/anti-icing chemical samples are applied to ice specimens (a plastic knife may be used to discharge high viscosity products, taking no more than 15
35、seconds to spread the runway deicing/anti-icing chemical). After 5 minutes, the test dish is tilted (at approximately 80 to 85 degrees) and the brines are gently blown away using a compressed air gun for 10 seconds 1 second (while in the cold chamber at the test temperature). The air pressure must b
36、e between 103 kPa (15 psi) and 140 kPa (20 psi). The air must be free of oil and any other impurities. Make sure that only liquid brine is blown away with the compressed air, if ice pieces or ice particles are blown away, the test must be repeated. When the brines are blown away, bring the petri dis
37、h to the scale (make sure that no liquid or solid remain on the outside parts of the dish). Weigh the petri dish within 0.01g at room temperature and read the value from the scale after exactly 20 seconds. The amount of ice melted is calculated from the initial and final masses of the petri dish acc
38、ording to the Equation 1: esim mmm (Eq. 1) where : mim = mass of ice melted (0.01 g) ms = initial mass of petri dish and ice sheet (0.01 g) me = final mass of petri dish and remaining ice (0.01 g) Repeat the same procedure (using a fresh ice sheet) for time intervals of 10 and 30 minutes and record
39、the results. The ice melting test can be performed at any other time interval upon agreement between purchaser and vendor. 3.5 Runway Deicing/Anti-Icing Chemical Application Procedure The runway deicing/anti-icing chemical (liquid or solid) is kept at the intended test temperature at least 10 hours
40、prior to the test. 3.5.1 Liquid Runway Deicing/Anti-Icing Chemical The amount of liquid runway deicing/anti-icing chemical applied should correspond to a mass of 5 g. Weigh the empty slip tip plastic syringe and record the mass: any liquid on exterior surfaces is removed by a tissue (with the tip po
41、inting upward, excess liquid and air bubbles are discharged). By the method of mass differences, adjust the volume of liquid deicing/anti-icing chemical corresponding to the mass required for the test (typically 5.00 g 0.01 g). The ice-melting test is initiated by discharging the liquid runway deici
42、ng/anti-icing chemical uniformly onto the ice surface. 3.5.2 Solid Runway Deicing/Anti-Icing Chemical The solid runway deicing/anti-icing chemical shall be tested in both “as is“ solid and diluted forms, as described in 3.5.2.1 and 3.5.2.2. SAE INTERNATIONAL AIR6170A Page 7 of 9 3.5.2.1 Solid Runway
43、 Deicing/Anti-Icing Chemical: Tested as Solid Form “As Is“ The required amount of solid runway deicing/anti-icing chemical should be weighed using a disposable weighing boat (typically 5.00 g 0.01 g). However, an alternative option is to use a small beaker or any other convenient dish. The ice-melti
44、ng test is initiated by applying the solid uniformly onto the ice surface. 3.5.2.2 Solid Runway Deicing/Anti-Icing Chemical: Tested as Diluted Form The solid runway deicing/anti-icing chemical must be diluted to give a 25% w/w solution. To obtain this 25% w/w solution, dissolve “x“ g of solid runway
45、 deicing/anti-icing chemical in “3x“ g of ASTM D1193, Type IV water. The diluted deicing/anti-icing chemical is applied as described in 3.5.1. 3.5.3 Reference Control Solution A reference control solution shall be tested along with the runway deicing/anti-icing chemical (liquid or solid). The result
46、s are used as a test control and as an optional comparative test. The reference control solution consists of a reagent grade ACS 99% potassium acetate (KAC) solution prepared with ASTM D1193, Type IV water. 3.5.3.1 Liquid Runway Deicing/Anti-Icing Chemical The reference control solution for liquid r
47、unway deicing/anti-icing chemical consists of a 50% w/w KAC solution. The 50% w/w reference control solution is prepared by mixing “x“ g of KAC and “x“ g of ASTM D1193, Type IV water, and is calculated according to Equation 2: 100*OHKCOCH KCOCH/%22323 gxgxgxww (Eq. 1) where: CH3CO2K = potassium acet
48、ate (reagent grade ACS 99%) H2O = water (ASTM D1193, Type IV) 3.5.3.2 Solid Runway Deicing/Anti-Icing Chemical The reference control solution for solid runway deicing/anti-icing chemical consists of a 25% w/w KAC solution. The 25% w/w reference control solution is prepared by mixing “x“ g of KAC and “3 x“ g of ASTM D 1193, Type IV water, and is calculated according to Equation 3: 100*OH3KCOCH KCOCH/%22323 gxgxgxww
