1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2012 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside U
4、SA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS2401J AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS2401 REV. J Issued 1963-07 Revised 2013-02 Super
5、seding AMS2401H Plating, Cadmium Low Hydrogen Content Deposit RATIONALE AMS2401J results from a Five Year Review and update of this specification and includes procedures for stress relief of steel parts prior to plating. NOTICE ORDERING INFORMATION: The following information shall be provided to the
6、 plating processor by the purchaser. 1) Purchase order shall specify not less than the following: AMS2401J Plating thickness desired. See 3.4.1 Basis metal to be plated Tensile strength or hardness of the basis metal Pre-plate stress relief to be performed by plating processor (time and temperature)
7、 if different from 3.1.2 Special features, geometry or processing present on parts that requires special attention by the plating processor Hydrogen embrittlement relief to be performed by plating processor (parameters or reference document) if different from 3.3 Minimum thickness on internal surfac
8、es, if required. See 3.4.1.4.1 Optional: Periodic testing frequency (4.2.2) and sample quantity (4.3.2) Quantity of pieces to be plated 2) Parts manufacturing operations such as heat treating, forming, joining and media finishing can affect the condition of the substrate for plating, or if performed
9、 after plating, could adversely affect the plated part. The sequencing of these types of operations should be specified by the cognizant engineering organization or purchaser and is not controlled by this specification. SAE AMS2401J Page 2 of 9 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose This specification covers the engi
10、neering requirements for cadmium deposited on ferrous metals. 1.2 Application This process has been used typically to provide corrosion resistance to steel parts heat treated to tensile strengths of 180 ksi (1240 MPa) and higher and used at temperatures not higher than 450 F (232 C), but usage is no
11、t limited to such aplications. 1.3 Safety-Hazardous Materials While the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is t
12、he sole responsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. 1.4 Warning This process uses cadmium as a plating material. The use of cadmium has
13、 been restricted and/or banned for use in many countries due to environmental and health concerns. The user should consult with local officials on applicable health and environmental regulations regarding its use. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of
14、the purchase order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The supplier may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last p
15、ublished issue of that document shall apply. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2759/9 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief (Baking) of Steel Parts
16、 AS2390 Chemical Process Test Specimen Material SAE AMS2401J Page 3 of 9 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org. ASTM B 117 Operating Salt Spray (Fog) Testing Apparatus ASTM B 25
17、3 Preparation of Aluminum Alloys for Electroplating ASTM B 487 Measurement of Metal and Oxide Coating Thicknesses by Microscopical Examination of a Cross Section ASTM B 499 Measurement of Coating Thicknesses by the Magnetic Method; Nonmagnetic Coatings on Magnetic Basis Metals ASTM B 504 Measurement
18、 of Thickness of Metallic Coatings by the Coulometric Method ASTM B 567 Method for Measurement of Coating Thickness by the Beta Backscatter Method ASTM B 568 Measurement of Coating Thickness by X-Ray Spectrometry ASTM B 571 Qualitative Adhesion Testing of Metallic Coatings ASTM B 748 Measurement of
19、Thickness of Metallic Coatings by Measurement of Cross Section with a Scanning Electron Microscope ASTM E 292 Conducting Time-for-Rupture Notch Tension Tests of Materials ASTM F 519 Mechanical Hydrogen Embrittlement Evaluation of Plating Processes and Service Environments 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3
20、.1 Preparation 3.1.1 Parts shall be within drawing dimension limits before plating, except as specified in 3.1.1.1. 3.1.1.1 In lieu of the requirement of 3.1.1 and unless otherwise specified on the drawing, all engine and propeller utility parts having part numbers with the prefix MS or AS and requi
21、red to be plated in accordance with this specification shall be made to such dimensions that parts will be within drawing limits after plating. Undercutting before plating shall not be permitted unless specifically authorized by specifications referenced on the applicable drawing. 3.1.2 Stress Relie
22、f Treatment All steel parts having a hardness of 36 HRC and above and that are machined, ground, cold formed or cold straightened after heat treatment shall be cleaned to remove surface contamination and thermally stress relieved before plating. Temperatures to which parts are heated shall be such t
23、hat maximum stress relief is obtained while still maintaining hardness of parts within drawing limits. Unless otherwise specified, the following treatment temperatures and times shall be used: 3.1.2.1 For parts, excluding nitrided parts, having a hardness of 55 HRC and above, including carburized an
24、d induction hardened parts, stress relieve at 275 F 25 (135 C 14) for 5 to 10 hours. SAE AMS2401J Page 4 of 9 3.1.2.2 For parts having a hardness less than 55 HRC, stress relieve at 375 F 25 (191 C 14) for a minimum of 4 hours. Nitrided parts fall into this category. Higher temperatures shall be use
25、d only when specified or approved by the cognizant engineering organization. 3.1.2.3 For peened parts If stress relief temperatures above 375 F (191 C) are elected, the stress relieve shall be performed prior to peening or the cognizant engineering organization shall be consulted and shall approve t
26、he stress relief temperature. 3.1.3 Any specified residual compressive stress-inducing operations, such as shot peening, shall precede plating. 3.1.4 The plating shall be applied over a surface free from water breaks. The cleaning procedure shall not produce pitting or intergranular attack of the ba
27、sis metal and shall preserve dimensional requirements. See 8.6. 3.1.5 Except for barrel plating, electrical contact points shall be as follows. For parts which are to be plated all over, locations shall be specified or approved by the cognizant engineering organization. For parts which are not to be
28、 plated all over, locations shall be in areas on which plating is not required, or locations shall be specified or approved by the cognizant engineering organization. 3.1.6 Aluminum alloys shall be zincate treated in accordance with ASTM B 253 or other method acceptable to the cognizant engineering
29、organization prior to plating. 3.2 Procedure 3.2.1 Parts shall be plated by electrodeposition of cadmium from a suitable cadmium plating solution without brighteners directly on the basis metal without a prior flash of other metal, such as copper or nickel, except in the case of parts fabricated fro
30、m corrosion-resistant steel or similarly passive alloys on which a preliminary flash of nickel or other suitable metal is permissible. 3.2.2 Spotting-in and double plating are prohibited. 3.3 Hydrogen Embrittlement Relief Treatment (Baking) After rinsing, steel parts shall be immersed in hot water a
31、t a temperature not lower than 180 F (82 C) for 15 to 20 minutes followed by treatment in accordance with AMS2759/9.except all parts plated per this specification Rc 36 and higher shall be baked. 3.3.1 Following hydrogen embrittlement relief baking, plating shall be reactivated and parts shall be im
32、mersed in a 3 to 6% solution of chromic acid, followed by rinsing and drying. 3.4 Properties Plating shall conform to the following requirements: 3.4.1 Thickness The finished thickness shall be as specified on the drawing, determined on representative parts or on test panels in accordance with ASTM
33、B 487, ASTM B 499, ASTM B 504, ASTM B 567, ASTM B 568, ASTM B 748, ASTM B 764 or other method permitted by the cognizant engineering organization. 3.4.1.1 Plate thickness may be specified by AMS2401 and a suffix number normally designating the minimum thickness in ten-thousandths of an inch (m); exc
34、ept as indicated in Table 2, the maximum plate thickness shall be 0.0002 inch (5 m) greater than the minimum. Thus AMS2401-2 designates a thickness of 0.0002 to 0.0004 inch (5 to 10 m) and AMS 2401-6 designates a thickness of 0.0006 to 0.0008 inch (15 to 20 m). 3.4.1.1.1 Plate thickness, when specif
35、ied by AMS2401 and a suffix number, shall be as specified in Table 2 for the specified suffix number and type of part or surface. SAE AMS2401J Page 5 of 9 3.4.1.2 Where “flash” is specified, plate thickness shall be approximately 0.0001 inch (2.5 m). 3.4.1.3 The plate shall be substantially uniform
36、in thickness on significant surfaces except that slight build-up on exterior corners or edges will be permitted provided finished drawing dimensions are met. 3.4.1.4 See Table 1 for thickness requirements on listed surfaces. All other surfaces of the part that cannot be touched by a sphere 0.75 inch
37、 (19 mm) in diameter, such as holes, recesses, threads and other areas where a controlled deposit cannot be obtained under normal plating conditions, may be under the specified limit provided they show visual plating coverage. Such surfaces shall not be masked to prevent plating. 3.4.1.4.1 If intern
38、al surfaces as defined in 3.4.1.4 are required to be plated to a specified thickness, notes on the drawing will so specify. TABLE 1A - PLATE THICKNESS AND SALT SPRAY CORROSION RESISTANCE REQUIREMENTS AMS2401 Thickness Designation Specified External Threads Thickness Inch External Threads Salt Spray
39、Resistance Hours, min Nuts, Washers, and Unthreaded Surfaces of Bolts, Screws, Studs, and Other Parts Externally Threaded Thickness Inch Nuts, Washers, and Unthreaded Surfaces of Bolts, Screws, Studs, and Other Parts Externally Threaded Salt Spray Resistance Hours, min Parts Not Externally Threaded
40、Except Nuts and Washers Thickness Inch Parts Not Externally Threaded Except Nuts and Washers Salt Spray Resistance Hours, min 2401 0.0001 to 0.0004 100 0.0002 to 0.0005 150 0.0003 to 0.0005 200 2401-1 0.0001 to 0.0003 100 0.0002 to 0.0004 150 0.0001 to 0.0003 100 2401-2 0.0001 to 0.0004 100 0.0002 t
41、o 0.0004 150 0.0002 to 0.0004 150 2401-3 0.0002 to 0.0005 150 0.0003 to 0.0005 200 0.0003 to 0.0005 200 2401-4 0.0003 to 0.0006 200 0.0004 to 0.0006 225 0.0004 to 0.0006 225 2401-5 0.0004 to 0.0007 225 0.0005 to 0.0007 250 0.0005 to 0.0007 250 Note: For thickness designations AMS2401-X, where X is g
42、reater than 5, plate thickness in ten-thousandths of an inch shall be X to X+2 except on external threads where the plate thickness shall be X-1 to X+2; such parts shall withstand salt spray for not less than 240 hours. TABLE 1B - PLATE THICKNESS AND SALT SPRAY CORROSION RESISTANCE REQUIREMENTS, SI
43、UNITS AMS2401 Thickness Designation Specified External Threads Thickness mm External Threads Salt Spray Resistance Hours, min Nuts, Washers, and Unthreaded Surfaces of Bolts, Screws, Studs, and Other Parts Externally Threaded Thickness mm Nuts, Washers, and Unthreaded Surfaces of Bolts, Screws, Stud
44、s, and Other Parts Externally Threaded Salt Spray Resistance Hours, min Parts Not Externally Threaded Except Nuts and Washers Thickness mm Parts Not Externally Threaded Except Nuts and Washers Salt Spray Resistance Hours, min 2401 0.002 to 0.010 100 0.005 to 0.012 150 0.008 to 0.012 200 2401-1 0.002
45、 to 0.008 100 0.005 to 0.010 150 0.002 to 0.008 100 2401-2 0.002 to 0.010 100 0.005 to 0.010 150 0.005 to 0.010 150 2401-3 0.005 to 0.012 150 0.008 to 0.012 200 0.008 to 0.012 200 2401-4 0.008 to 0.015 200 0.010 to 0.015 225 0.010 to 0.015 225 2401-5 0.010 to 0.018 225 0.012 to 0.018 250 0.012 to 0.
46、018 250 Note: For thickness designations AMS2401-X where X is greater than 5, plate thickness in millimeters shall be 0.0025X to 0.0025 (X+2) except on external threads where the plate thickness shall be 0.0025 (X-1) to 0.0025 (X+2); such parts shall withstand salt spray for not less than 250 hours.
47、 SAE AMS2401J Page 6 of 9 3.4.2 Adhesion shall meet the requirements of ASTM B 571 by the Bend Test method except without using a mandrel. 3.4.3 Corrosion Resistance Except as specified in 3.4.3.1, carbon and alloy steel parts or representative test panels plated to a thickness of 0.0003 to 0.0005 i
48、nch (0.008 to 0.013 mm) shall show no visual evidence of corrosion of the basis metal after being subjected for a time not less than 200 hours to continuous salt fog corrosion test conducted in accordance with ASTM B 117. 3.4.3.1 Salt spray corrosion tests shall not apply to plated parts made of aus
49、tenitic corrosion-resistant steels, to parts made of any corrosion-resistant steel or alloy when not plated all over, and to parts made of any steel when thickness is specified as “flash.” 3.4.4 Hydrogen Embrittlement The plating process after baking shall not cause hydrogen embrittlement in steel parts 36 HRC and over when tested in accordance with 4.3.3.3. 3.5 Quality Plated cadmium shall be continuo
