1、PD EN ISO/TR22411:2011ICS 01.120; 11.180.01; 13.180NO COPYING WITHOUT BSI PERMISSION EXCEPT AS PERMITTED BY COPYRIGHT LAWPUBLISHED DOCUMENTErgonomics data andguidelines for theapplication of ISO/IECGuide 71 to productsand services to addressthe needs of olderpersons and personswith disabilitiesNatio
2、nal forewordThis Published Document is the UK implementation of ISO/TR 22411:2011. It supersedes PD ISO/TR 22411:2008, which is withdrawn.The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee PH/9, Applied ergonomics.A list of organizations represented on this committee can be
3、 obtained on request to its secretary.This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.PD EN ISO/TR 22411:2011This Published Document was published under the authority of the Standards Policy and Strategy Commi
4、ttee on 31 July 2009 BSI 2011Amendments/corrigenda issued since publicationDate Comments 30 September 2011 This corrigendum renumbers PD ISO/TR 22411:2008 as PD EN ISO/TR 22411:2011ISBN 978 0 580 72954 6TECHNICAL REPORT RAPPORT TECHNIQUE TECHNISCHER BERICHT CEN ISO/TR 22411 April 2011 ICS 11.180.01;
5、 01.120 English Version Ergonomics data and guidelines for the application of ISO/IEC Guide 71 to products and services to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities (ISO/TR 22411:2008) Donnes dergonomie et lignes directrices pour lapplication du Guide ISO/CEI 71 aux produits e
6、t services afin de rpondre aux besoins des personnes ges et de celles ayant des incapacits (ISO/TR 22411:2008) Ergonomische Daten und Leitlinien fr die Anwendung des ISO/IEC Guide 71 fr Produkte und Dienstleistungen zur Bercksichtigung der Belange lterer und behinderter Menschen (ISO/TR 22411:2008)
7、This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 3 April 2011. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 122. CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, I
8、reland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom. EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMIT EUROPEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPISCHES KOMITEE FR NORMUNG Management Centre: Avenue Marni
9、x 17, B-1000 Brussels 2011 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. CEN ISO/TR 22411:2011: EForeword The text of ISO/TR 22411:2008 has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 159 “Ergonomics” of the International Organizati
10、on for Standardization (ISO) and has been taken over as CEN ISO/TR 22411:2011 by Technical Committee CEN/TC 122 “Ergonomics” the secretariat of which is held by DIN. Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN and/or CENEL
11、EC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Endorsement notice The text of ISO/TR 22411:2008 has been approved by CEN as a CEN ISO/TR 22411:2011 without any modification. PD EN ISO/TR 22411:2011 EN ISO/TR 22411:2011 (E)iiiContents Page Introduction.v1 Scope1 2 Nor
12、mative references1 3 Terms and definitions .1 4 General considerations.3 4.1 Need for technical guidance in implementing ISO/IEC Guide 71 in individual standards.3 4.2 Approaches for achieving accessibility3 4.3 Human abilities data4 5 Using this Technical Report.4 6 Developing standards Issues to c
13、onsider during the standards developing process .4 6.1 General .4 6.2 Definition of the standardization project 4 6.3 Composition of the drafting committee 5 6.4 Content of the standard5 6.5 Review process .6 6.6 Publication of the standard 6 7 Resolution of contradictory requirements6 8 Factors to
14、consider with design guidelines .7 8.1 General .7 8.2 Alternative format7 8.3 Location and layout of information and controls and positioning of handles .17 8.4 Lighting levels and glare 20 8.5 Colour and contrast 22 8.6 Size and style of font and symbols in information, warnings and labelling of co
15、ntrols .24 8.7 Clear language in written or spoken information 27 8.8 Graphical symbols and illustration .31 8.9 Loudness and pitch of non-spoken communication.33 8.10 Slow pace of information presentation .33 8.11 Distinctive form of product, control or packaging.35 8.12 Ease of handling36 8.13 Exp
16、iration date marking50 8.14 Contents labelling and warning of allergens51 8.15 Surface temperature52 8.16 Accessible routes52 8.17 Logical process .58 8.18 Surface finish.61 8.19 Non-allergenic/toxic materials .62 8.20 Acoustics63 8.21 Fail-safe 64 8.22 Ventilation 65 8.23 Fire safety of materials .
17、65 9 Ergonomic data on human abilities and the consequences of impairment65 9.1 General .65 9.2 Sensory abilities 66 9.3 Physical abilities96 9.4 Cognitive abilities125 PD EN ISO/TR 22411:2011 EN ISO/TR 22411:2011 (E) ISO 2011iv 9.5 Allergies131 Annex A (informative) Principles of accessible design.
18、134 Annex B (informative) Data on spectral sensitivity of the eye as a function of age and application.136 Annex C (informative) Visual acuity data as a function of viewing distance for different age groups.140 Annex D (informative) Span of fundamental colours 144 Annex E (informative) Cases of alle
19、rgy.148 Bibliography 154 PD EN ISO/TR 22411:2011 EN ISO/TR 22411:2011 (E) ISO 2011v Introduction This Technical Report is intended to help standards developers understand the accessible design principles of ISO/IEC Guide 71 and implement them into individual standards by providing design considerati
20、ons and ergonomic data related to human abilities. While this Technical Report was written primarily for standards developers, it is recognized that much of the information is technical in form and committees are advised to seek technical advice on the interpretation of such data where relevant expe
21、rtise is not available within the committee. In addition to its application by standards developers, this Technical Report could also be useful to manufacturers, designers, service providers, educators and others. ISO/IEC Guide 71 stresses the concept that taking care of the needs of older persons a
22、nd persons with disabilities is important in developing relevant International Standards. The underlying idea is that products, services and environments encountered in all aspects of daily life and intended for the consumer market and the workplace should be designed to be accessible for all people
23、 including those with special requirements, such as older persons and persons with disabilities. This idea, called accessible design, has been spreading all over the world. Some regional and national standard bodies have adopted the ISO/IEC Guide 71 as their own standard or guidance. ISO/IEC Guide 7
24、1 has successfully addressed the importance of being aware of the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities. For seven design fields it provides structured tables of factors and human abilities that need to be considered in designing products and services. Its tables are intended to also
25、direct the attention of standards developers to these factors when they draft or revise standards. However, ISO/IEC Guide 71 does not exhaustively describe how to consider those factors or how to find solutions for them. What is required is to establish design methods for implementing the concept of
26、 accessible design into individual standards. The methods demand a wider range of knowledge on properties and ergonomic data of human abilities. Without such knowledge, better design for persons with special requirements will not be realized. Social and economic effects are expected from accessible
27、design. In the social dimension, a greater number of individuals including older persons and persons with disabilities will be able to be involved in social activities without any restriction in using products or enjoying services and environments. The economic effect is that products developed usin
28、g accessible design can be purchased by a wider range of people, including older persons and those with disabilities, who are now a significant proportion of consumers with buying power. ISO/TC 159, Ergonomics, has been involved in this challenging work, firstly with an ad hoc group and then with Wo
29、rking Group WG 2, Ergonomics for persons with special requirements, the result of which has been the development of this Technical Report, which also incorporates factors that do not appear in ISO/IEC Guide 71 where considered necessary. Nevertheless, these design considerations and human ability da
30、ta are arranged in accordance with the structure of ISO/IEC Guide 71, for ease of reference. This Technical Report widens the scope of users as far as possible and is not limited to the 5th to 95th percentiles of working populations1). It constitutes a starting point from which to offer technical in
31、formation for accessible design. It is not exhaustive and does not fully reflect the present state of knowledge and data for accessible design: while some of the design considerations are well established, others are still under development. 1) A percentile describes the percentage of people in a po
32、pulation group (e.g. 5 % or 95 %) for which the relation to a certain body size is greater or smaller than the value given in each case. For more details, see ISO 7250. PD EN ISO/TR 22411:2011 EN ISO/TR 22411:2011 (E) ISO 2011This page deliberately set blankTECHNICAL REPORT1Ergonomics data and guide
33、lines for the application of ISO/IEC Guide 71 to products and services to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities 1 Scope This Technical Report presents ergonomics data and guidelines for applying ISO/IEC Guide 71 in addressing the needs of older persons and persons with dis
34、abilities in standards development. It provides: ergonomics data and knowledge about human abilities sensory, physical, cognitive abilities and allergies; guidance on the accessible design of products, services and environments. Each of its design considerations or recommendations is based on ergono
35、mic principles that are necessary for making products, services and environments accessible to older persons and those with disabilities. It is applicable to products, services and environments encountered in all aspects of daily life, as well as in the consumer market and workplace (herein, the ter
36、m “products and services” is used to cover all these areas). While it does not provide techniques for designing assistive devices, some of its provisions do, however, support interoperability with assistive technology. Conformity assessment of any international, regional or domestic standards is out
37、side its scope. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. ISO/IEC Gu
38、ide 71:2001, Guidelines for standards developers to address the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 accessible design design focused on principles of extending standard design t
39、o persons with some type of performance limitation to maximize the number of potential customers who can readily use a product, building or service, which may be achieved by designing products, services and environments that are readily usable by most users without any modification, making products
40、or services adaptable to different users (adapting user interfaces), and EN ISO/TR 22411:2011 (E)PD EN ISO/TR 22411:2011 ISO 20112 having standardized interfaces to be compatible with special products for persons with disabilities. NOTE 1 Terms such as design for all, barrier-free design, inclusive
41、design and transgenerational design are used similarly but in different contexts. NOTE 2 Accessible design is a subset of universal design, where products and environments are usable by all persons, to the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design. ISO/IEC Guide
42、 71:2001, 3.2 3.2 assistive technology assistive device piece of equipment, product system, hardware, software or service that is used to increase, maintain or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities NOTE This can be acquired commercially off-the-shelf, modified or customize
43、d. The term includes technical aids for persons with disabilities. Assistive devices do not eliminate impairment but may lessen the difficulty an individual has in carrying out a task or activity in specific environments. ISO/IEC Guide 71:2001, 3.3 3.3 user person who interacts with the product, ser
44、vice or environment NOTE Adapted from ISO 9241-11:1998. ISO/IEC Guide 71:2001, 3.6 3.4 alternative format different presentation which may make products and services accessible by the use of another mobility or sensory ability ISO/IEC Guide 71:2001, 3.8 3.5 impairment problem in body function or str
45、ucture such as a significant deviation or loss which can be temporary due, for example, to injury, or permanent, slight or severe, and which can fluctuate over time, in particular, deterioration due to ageing NOTE 1 Body function can be a physiological or psychological function of a body system; bod
46、y structure refers to an anatomic part of the body such as organs, limbs and their components, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), see Reference 42. NOTE 2 This definition differs from that in ISO 9999:2002 and, slightly, from the WHO definition, see Reference 43. ISO/IEC Guide 71:200
47、1, 3.4 3.6 accessibility extent to which products, systems, services, environments or facilities can be used by people from a population with the widest range of capabilities to achieve a specified goal in a specified context of use NOTE 1 Context of use includes direct use or use supported by assis
48、tive technology. NOTE 2 Term and definition adopted by TC 159 and first published in 2007. PD EN ISO/TR 22411:2011 EN ISO/TR 22411:2011 (E) ISO 201134 General considerations 4.1 Need for technical guidance in implementing ISO/IEC Guide 71 in individual standards ISO/IEC Guide 71 provides standards d
49、evelopers with guidance on taking into account the needs of older persons and persons with disabilities when developing new standards or revising existing ones. It defines seven design fields and human abilities and summarizes ergonomic factors to be considered in the form of tables. These are followed by possible solutions with some practical examples. However, ISO/IEC Guide 71 neither fully describes methods for realizing its principles nor shows ways to consider the factors in developing standards, and the examples and possible sol
