1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2012 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication m
3、ay be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (outside U
4、SA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/AMS2728C AEROSPACE MATERIAL SPECIFICATION AMS2728 REV. C Issued 1988-01 Revised 2012-09 Super
5、seding AMS2728B Heat Treatment of Wrought Copper Beryllium Alloy Parts RATIONALE AMS2728C results from a Limited Scope Ballot to correct errors present in revision B (3.1.2.2, 3.1.5.1, 3.3.6, 3.3.7, 4.2.2). 1. SCOPE 1.1 Purpose This specification establishes the requirements for heat treatment of wr
6、ought copper beryllium parts (See 1.2.2 and 8.2.1) by users or by their vendors or subcontractors. 1.2 Application This specification is applicable to parts made from the following alloys: UNS C17000, UNS C17200, UNS C17300, UNS C17500, and UNS C17510 (See 8.4). 1.2.1 The heat treat parameters (temp
7、eratures, soaking times, cooling rates, etc.) used by material producers and forge shops for qualification of response to heat treatment of their products shall conform to the requirements of this specification. 1.2.2 Heat treatment of raw material by producers or forge shops shall be in accordance
8、with the material procurement specification. 1.3 While the materials, methods, applications, and processes described or referenced in this specification may involve the use of hazardous materials, this specification does not address the hazards which may be involved in such use. It is the sole respo
9、nsibility of the user to ensure familiarity with the safe and proper use of any hazardous materials and to take necessary precautionary measures to ensure the health and safety of all personnel involved. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The issue of the following documents in effect on the date of the purcha
10、se order forms a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The vendor may work to a subsequent revision of a document unless a specific document issue is specified. When the referenced document has been cancelled and no superseding document has been specified, the last published iss
11、ue of that document shall apply. SAE AMS2728C Page 2 of 12 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. AMS2750 Pyrometry AMS2769 Heat Treatment of Parts
12、 in Vacuum ARP1917 Clarification of Terms Used in Aerospace Metals Specifications ARP1962 Training and Approval of Heat-Treating Personnel 2.2 ASTM Publications Available from ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Tel: 610-832-9585, www.astm.org.
13、 ASTM E 3 Preparation of Metallographic Specimens ASTM E 8/E 8M Tension Testing of Metallic Materials ASTM E 10 Brinell Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E 18 Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Materials ASTM E 384 Knoop and Vickers Hardness of Materials 3. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Equipment 3.1.1 Py
14、rometry Shall conform to AMS2750. 3.1.2 Furnaces 3.1.2.1 Solution heat treating furnaces shall be a minimum of Class 2 (10 F or 6 C) 3.1.2.2 Precipitation hardening furnaces shall be a minimum of Class 2 ( 10 F or 6 C) 3.1.2.3 Stress Relieving furnaces shall be a minimum of Class 5 (25 F or 14 C) 3.
15、1.2.4 Vacuum furnaces used to perform processes in this specification shall be in accordance with AMS2769. 3.1.3 Heating Media High temperature furnaces with or without controlled atmosphere are acceptable for solution heat treating. Salt baths shall not be used for solution treatments. A muffle fur
16、nace shall be used for solution treating in fuel fired furnaces with an air atmosphere. Circulating atmosphere type furnaces, with or without controlled atmospheres, and salt bath type furnaces are acceptable for precipitation hardening. Still air oven type furnaces are not permitted for age hardeni
17、ng. SAE AMS2728C Page 3 of 12 3.1.4 Racks and Fixtures Shall not cause contamination of product and shall not reduce the heating, cooling, or quenching rates to less than required for correct heat treating. Design and construction shall preclude entrapment of quenchant and minimize deformation or ot
18、her damage to product. 3.1.5 Quenching Equipment 3.1.5.1 Equipment shall be provided for quenching in water and for measuring and recording water temperature. Provisions shall be made for mechanical or hydraulic agitation of the quenching medium and/or agitation of the product and for cooling of the
19、 water as necessary to conform with 3.1.5.3. 3.1.5.2 Air agitation shall not be used. 3.1.5.3 Quench tanks shall be located in proximity to solution heat treating furnaces so that the quench delay times listed in Table 2 can be achieved. The delay time is measured from the time the furnace door star
20、ts to open until complete immersion of the load in quenchant. 3.1.5.4 The quenchant volume shall be sufficient to prevent the quench tank temperature from rising to a temperature greater than the limit established in 3.2.2. 3.1.6 Cleaning Equipment Equipment shall be provided to clean parts before h
21、eat treatment and to remove salt from parts heated in salt baths. 3.2 Heating and Cooling Environment 3.2.1 Atmospheres Shall be controlled so as not to react with the parts being heat treated. Materials that could attack or contaminate shall not contact parts. 3.2.1.1 Solution Treating Atmosphere P
22、arts shall be solution treated in either air or protective atmospheres. Acceptable protective atmospheres are exothermic, argon, helium, nitrogen, hydrogen, blends of these gases, and vacuum (See 3.2.1.1.2). Endothermic atmosphere is not acceptable. To minimize discoloration an air atmosphere should
23、 be avoided. 3.2.1.1.1 Unless specifically informed that the part will be machined all over, the heat treating processor shall heat treat the parts as if some surfaces will not have subsequent metal removal and, therefore, when solution heat treating, shall heat treat using protective atmosphere. 3.
24、2.1.1.2 Vacuum Is permitted for UNS C17000, UNS C17200, and UNS C17300 at 1450 F (790 C), but is not permitted for UNS C17500 and UNS C17510 at 1700 F (925 C). 3.2.1.2 Age Hardening Atmosphere Parts shall be aged in air or protective atmospheres. Acceptable protective atmospheres for age hardening a
25、re the same as for solution treating (3.2.1.1), and neutral salt bath. 3.2.2 Quenching Media Cold water baths shall be used. The water temperature shall not exceed 130 F (46 C) during operating use. SAE AMS2728C Page 4 of 12 3.3 General Procedures 3.3.1 Cleaning Parts shall be cleaned before heat tr
26、eatment operations. Parts aged in salt shall be cleaned after heat treatment to remove salt residue. 3.3.2 Discoloration Protection Parts shall be protected from discoloration by keeping dry before and after processing. 3.3.3 Racking and Spacing Parts shall be racked and supported, or otherwise orie
27、nted, to ensure access of the heating, cooling, and quenching media to all surfaces of every part. Racking orientation shall include measures to minimize part distortion or damage during the heating and quenching process. 3.3.4 Loading Parts shall not be loaded into a furnace with the temperature hi
28、gher than the set temperature. 3.3.4.1 When load thermocouples are required, the cognizant engineering organization shall determine the number, location, and method of attachment. 3.3.5 Soaking Heating shall be controlled in such a manner that either the heating medium or the part temperature, as ap
29、plicable, is maintained at the set temperature and for the soak time specified herein. Soaking shall commence when all control, indicating, and recording thermocouples reach the specified set temperature or, if load thermocouples are used, when the part temperature reaches the minimum of the furnace
30、 uniformity tolerance at the set temperature. The determination of the commencement of soak time based on using either load or control thermocouples on a job shall not be changed once established, unless approval by the cognizant quality assurance agency is granted for changing the method, i.e., eit
31、her from a load thermocouple to the control thermocouple or vice versa. 3.3.6 Solution Heat Treat (Solution Annealing) Shall be accomplished by heating to and soaking at the following temperatures for the time specified in Table 1: Alloy No. UNS C17000, UNS C17200, and UNS C17300: 1450 F 10F (790 C
32、6C ) Alloy No. UNS C17500, UNS C17510: 1700 F 10F (925 C 6C ) The solution heat treat condition is designated as TB00 (formerly Condition A). 3.3.6.1 Quench Shall be accomplished in cold water (See 3.2.2) within the quench delay times listed in Table 2. SAE AMS2728C Page 5 of 12 3.3.7 Precipitation
33、Harden Shall be accomplished by heating to and soaking at the following temperatures, as applicable, for the time specified in Table 3: Alloy No. UNS C17000, UNS C17200 and UNS C17300: 612 F 10F (330 C 6C). Alloy No. UNS C17500 and UNS C17510: 925 F 10F (495 C 6C). Parts may be air cooled or quenche
34、d. The conditions before and after precipitation hardening are given in Table 3. 3.3.8 Stress Relief When specified by the cognizant engineering organization, stress relieve by heating at a set temperature in the range 300 to 350 F (150 to 180 C) for not less than 30 minutes. 3.3.9 Records A furnace
35、 log, or equivalent documentation such as shop travelers, traceable to temperature recorder chart(s) shall be maintained (See 4.5). TABLE 1 - SOAK TIMES FOR SOLUTION HEAT TREATING (1) Thickness Range (2) inches Thickness Range (2) millimeters Soak Times (3)(4) Minimum Soak Times (3)(4) Maximum hours
36、 minutes hours minutes Up to 0.090, incl (5) Over 0.090 to 0.250, incl Over 0.250 to 0.50, incl Over 0.50 to 1.00, incl Over 1.00 to 1.50, incl Over 1.50 to 2.00, incl Over 2.00 to 2.50, incl Over 2.50 to 3.00, incl Over 3.00 to 3.50, incl Over 3.50 to 4.00, incl Over 4.00 to 4.50, incl Over 4.50 to
37、 5.00, incl Over 5.00 to 8.00, incl Over 8.00 Over 0.75 to 2.25, incl (5) Over 2.25 to 6.25, incl Over 6.25 to 12.50, incl Over 12.50 to 25.00, incl Over 25.00 to 37.50, incl Over 37.50 to 50.00, incl Over 50.00 to 62.50, incl Over 62.50 to 75.00, incl Over 75.00 to 87.50, incl Over 87.50 to 100.00,
38、 incl Over 100.00 to 112.50, incl Over 112.50 to 125.00, incl Over 125.00 to 200.00, incl Over 200.00 (6) 20 20 20 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 45 (6) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 (6) 40 40 40 15 (6) (1) Solution heat treatment of fabricated parts is not recommended. (2) Thickness is the minimum dimension of the mo
39、st massive section of the product. (3) This table applies when a load thermocouple (See 8.2.2) is used. Soak time commences as specified in 3.3.6. (4) Product shall be held for sufficient time to ensure that the center of the most massive area has reached temperature. (5) Solution heat treatment of
40、cold worked product in these size ranges is not recommended because it can cause distortion with loss of dimensional form. (6) Solution heat treatment of product in these size ranges is not recommended because of the risk of grain growth beyond the allowable size in the appropriate AMS specification
41、. SAE AMS2728C Page 6 of 12 TABLE 2 - MAXIMUM QUENCH DELAY TIMES FOR SOLUTION HEAT TREATING Minimum Thickness (1) Minimum Thickness (1) Maximum Time (2) inches millimeters seconds Over 0.090 to 0.25, incl Over 2.25 to 6.25, incl 5 Over 0.25 to 0.50, incl Over 6.25 to 12.5, incl 7 Over 0.50 to 1.00,
42、incl Over 12.5 to 25.0, incl 10 Over 1.00 to 1.50, incl Over 25.0 to 37.5, incl 12 Over 1.50 to 2.00, incl Over 37.5 to 50.0, incl 14 Over 2.00 to 2.50, incl Over 50.0 to 62.5, incl 16 Over 2.50 to 3.00, incl Over 62.5 to 75.0, incl 18 Over 3.00 to 3.50, incl Over 75.0 to 87.5, incl 20 Over 3.50 to
43、4.00, incl Over 87.5 to 100, incl 22 Over 4.00 to 4.50, incl Over 100 to 112.5, incl 24 Over 4.50 to 5.00, incl Over 112.5 to 125, incl 26 Over 5.00 to 8.00, incl Over 125 to 200, incl 30 1. Minimum thickness is the minimum dimension of the thinnest section of any product in the load. 2. The maximum
44、 quench delays specified may be exceeded provided tests made within the past 12 months have demonstrated that product temperatures do not decrease by more than 100 F (47 C) from the appropriate furnace set temperature. TABLE 3 - PRECIPITATION HARDENING TIMES AND CONDITIONS Material Form Alloy Temper
45、 Before Precipitation Harden (2) Minimum Time, Hours (1) Temper After Precipitation Harden (2) Strip UNS C17000 TB00 (A) 3 TF00 (AT) UNS C17200 TD01 (1/4H) 2 TH01 (1/4HT) TD02 (1/2H) 2 TH02 (1/2HT) TD04 (H) 2 TH04 (HT) Strip UNS C17500 TB00 (A) 3 TF00 (AT) UNS C17510 TD02 (1/2H) 2 TH02 (1/2HT) TD04
46、(H) 2 TH04 (HT) Plate, UNS C17000 TB00 (A) 3 TF00 (AT) Rod, and UNS C17200 TD04 (H) 2 TH04 (HT) Bar UNS C17500 UNS C17510 Forgings UNS C17000 TB00 (A) 3 TF00 (AT) UNS C17200 UNS C17500 UNS C17510 Wire UNS C17000 TB00 (A) 3 TF00 (AT) UNS C17200 TD01 (1/4H) 2 TH01 (1/4HT) UNS C17300 TD02 (1/2H) 2 TH02
47、 (1/2HT) UNS C17500 TD03 (3/4H) 2 TH03 (3/4HT) UNS C17510 TD04 (H) 2 TH04 (HT) 1. Maximum time shall be 1/2 hour more than minimum specified. 2. Former temper designation terminology shown in parenthesis. SAE AMS2728C Page 7 of 12 3.4 Qualification 3.4.1 Suppliers Facilities performing heat treatmen
48、t in accordance with this specification shall be approved by the cognizant quality assurance organization as specified herein. 3.4.2 Personnel All personnel at leadman and foreman level responsible for heat treatment in accordance with this specification shall be approved as specified in 4.4.2. There shall be at least one approved person working on each shift. 3.4.3 Equipment Equipment used for thermal processing in accordance with this specification shall be approved to the requirements of this specification and AMS2750. 3.5 Properties 3.5.1 Hardness Parts shall conform to Tab
