1、AEROSPACE RECOMMENDED PRACTICEARP4102/9REV.AIssued 1995-05Revised 2001-11Flight Management System (FMS)TABLE OF CONTENTS1. SCOPE .32. REFERENCES .32.1 Applicable Documents .32.1.1 SAE Publications .32.1.2 FAA Publications32.1.3 Other Publications32.2 Definitions 42.3 Abbreviations . 113. OPERATIONAL
2、 REQUIREMENTS 133.1 FMS System Performance.133.1.1 FMS Responsiveness 133.1.2 Pilot Workload143.1.3 Effect of Electrical Power Transients143.2 Systems That Interface With the FMS .143.2.1 Control Display Function143.2.2 Mode Panel(s)153.2.3 Displays .163.2.4 Radio Navigation183.2.5 Landing Systems .
3、193.2.6 Inertial Navigation System .193.2.7 Air Data System .193.2.8 Aircraft Systems.203.2.9 Data Link203.2.10 Threat Avoidance Systems 213.2.11 Flight Guidance21Reaffirmed 2007-07RATIONALE This document has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE 5-Year Review policy. SAE Technical Standards Board
4、Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefrom, is the sole responsibility
5、 of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2007 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a re
6、trieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: Custom
7、erServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE ARP4102/9 Revision A- 2 -TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)3.3 FMS Functional Requirements.213.3.1 Control Display Unit .213.3.2 Mode Control .223.3.3 Flight Planning .233.3.4 Stored Database(s) 243.3.5 Data Link Interface.263.3.6 Performance Manage
8、ment.263.3.7 Lateral Navigation and Guidance.293.3.8 Vertical Navigation .323.3.9 Speed Management - Time Control 4D .343.3.10 Monitoring and Self-Test Requirements.35SAE ARP4102/9 Revision A- 3 -1. SCOPE:This document recommends criteria and requirements for a Flight Management System (FMS) for tra
9、nsport aircraft.The FMS shall provide the functions of Lateral Navigation, Vertical Navigation, and Performance Management and may include Time of Arrival Control. The FMS design shall take Human Factors considerations into account to produce a fault tolerant system.2. REFERENCES:2.1 Applicable Docu
10、ments:The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of all SAE Technical Reports shall apply.This Annex should be used in conjunction with the ARP4102 Core Document.2.1.1 SAE Publications: Available from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, War
11、rendale, PA 15096-0001.ARP4102/4 Flight Deck Alerting System (FAS)ARP4102/6 Communication and Navigation EquipmentARP4102/7 Electronic DisplaysARP4105 Nomenclature and AbbreviationsARP4103 Instrument and Flight Deck Lighting2.1.2 FAA Publications: Available from Federal Aviation Administration, 800
12、Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20591.AC 90-45A FAA Advisory Circular2.1.3 Other Publications:XAD/IL/0118/1-19 CAA Airworthiness Leaflet Flight Management SystemsARINC 424 Specification Navigation Systems Data BaseARINC 702-6 Flight Management Computer SystemRTCA DO-187 MOPS for Airborne Are
13、a Navigation Systems using multi-sensor inputsICAO Annex 4 International Civil Aviation Organization, Annex 4 to the Convention on International Civil AviationSAE ARP4102/9 Revision A- 4 -2.2 Definitions:APPROACH GATE: A point on the final approach track representing the minimum distance from the th
14、reshold at which vectored or instructed aircraft should intercept the final course. This normally will be (1) NM outside the final navaid or (5) NM from threshold, whichever is greater.BASIC NAVIGATION: Course, Track, Path, Profile and several related terms are defined below. Recent navigation syste
15、ms have tended to discard the term “Course“ in favor of “Track“, but still show track in angular terms. In the following definitions, great circle course and desired track angle are equivalent. Track has also been applied to the vertical plane when prefixed by “vertical“ (i.e., vertical track, etc.)
16、. However, the terms “Path“ and “Profile“ are preferred as representing an earth referenced three-dimensional path in the sky (altitude, latitude and longitude).BOTTOM OF DESCENT (BOD or B/D): The last waypoint in the decent flight phase. See also End of Descent (EOD).CLEAR (CLR): A CDU term usually
17、 associated with the Clear Key. Pressing the Clear Key erases a previous entry in the Scratch Pad field (typically last line of the display).CLIMB INTERCEPT POINT: The geographical position at which a designated climb altitude is attained, also referred to as “Top of Climb“ point.CONSTRAINT (CSTR):
18、A speed or altitude or time restriction or restraint usually related to some downstream waypoint.CONTROL DISPLAY FUNCTION (CDF): The FMS function that allow the flight crew to interact with the FMS through data entry and display of information. In current systems this function is provided by the CDU
19、, MCDU, MCP, and various displays and status panels. In future systems the control and display function may be allocated to different hardware devices. For example a key pad and pointing device may be used for data entry and to interact with a Graphical User Interface display (GUI) on the Main Fligh
20、t Displays.CONTROL DISPLAY UNIT (CDU): In current systems this is a hardware device which allows the pilot to interface with the FMS and other systems for the purpose of displaying alpha numeric information, data entry, mode selection and alerting (See also Multifunction Control Display Unit and Con
21、trol Display Function (CDF). COST INDEX (CI): The operators cost factors for a specific flight that takes into account variable costs, such as fuel, and time related costs, such as crew flight time pay to achieve the desired flight profile.COURSE (CRS): The direction of horizontal travel, expressed
22、as a clockwise angle from a reference direction (usually true or magnetic north).SAE ARP4102/9 Revision A- 5 -2.2 (Continued):CROSS TRACK DISTANCE/ERROR/DEVIATION (XTK/XTE): The shortest distance between the aircrafts present position and the desired track. Cross track distance is left when present
23、position is left of the desired track and right when present position is right of the desired track.DEFAULT: A CDF term associated with applying a pre-stored input to a data field or computation if no other value is entered by the pilot.DELETE (DEL): A CDF term associated with deleting an item or an
24、 entire line.DESCENT INTERCEPT POINT: The geographical position where the cruise path intersects the descent path. Also, referred to as the Top of Descent Point. Signifies the geographic position where the aircraft transitions from the Cruise Flight Phase to the Descent Flight Phase.DESIRED TRACK: T
25、he imaginary line on the earths surface connecting successive points over which flight is desired.DESIRED TRACK ANGLE (DTK or DSRTK): The clockwise angle from true or magnetic north to an imaginary line or path on the earths surface. This line describes the great circle path between two successive w
26、aypoints on the earths surface and is also defined by the intersection of a plane that passes through two successive waypoints on the earths surface and the center of the earth.DISTANCE (DIST or DIS): The great circle distance between designated positions, points or waypoints.DISTANCE TO GO (DTG): T
27、he great circle distance between the present position and the “TO“ waypoint or the accumulative distance between the present position and a designated downstream waypoint or waypoints.DRIFT ANGLE (DA): The angle between the aircrafts longitudinal axis and ground track or the angular difference betwe
28、en true heading and ground track angle. Drift angle is left when ground track angle is less than true heading and right when ground track angle is greater than true heading.EARTH REFERENCE OR INERTIAL: Referenced with respect to the earth, as opposed to referenced with respect to the air mass.ECONOM
29、Y (ECON): A FMS designation implying a favorable “economic“ mode of operation. The term has been variously applied to min cost climb, cruise and descent schedules and engine climb de-rate schedules.END OF DESCENT (EOD or E/D): The metering fix, clearance, or other scheduled end point for the main de
30、scent from enroute cruise. If a level flight deceleration segment is programmed at the end flight level, the EOD will be the downstream end of that segment. The EOD includes a geographical position, altitude and speed. It may also include a required or estimated time of arrival. See also Bottom of D
31、escent (BOD).SAE ARP4102/9 Revision A- 6 -2.2 (Continued):EXECUTE (EXEC): A CDF term usually associated with safeguarding by requiring a second confirmatory action.FLEXIBILITY (TIME): A term representing the FMS range of control over arrival time at a designated downstream waypoint or waypoints. It
32、may be expressed as an RTA maximum and RTA minimum in respective UTC hours: minutes: seconds.FLIGHT CONTROL PANEL (FCP): Provides control functions for the Flight Director, Auto Pilot, Auto Throttle (Flight Guidance System) and the Flight Management System. Referred to as the Mode Control Panel (MCP
33、) on some aircraft.FLIGHT MANAGEMENT COMPUTER (FMC): The FMC is the hardware element of the FMS that hosts the Flight Management Function. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT FUNCTION (FMF): The FMF is a function that computes the aircraft navigation solution, predicts the performance of the aircraft along a defined
34、lateral and vertical flight plan path and provides guidance information to the Flight Guidance system to control the aircraft to fly along that path. On many current systems the FMF is hosted in a Flight Management Computer and uses a Control Display Unit for data entry and display however the FMF d
35、oes not necessarily require a dedicated computer and may be hosted on a computer that is also running other software functions and the control and display does not necessarily have to be done on a CDU. FLIGHT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (FMS): The FMS is the combination of hardware and software that is requir
36、ed to perform the Flight Management Function. FLIGHT PATH ANGLE (FPA): The angle in the vertical plane between the horizon and the aircrafts flight path or velocity vector. The normal usage implies current angle. The velocity vector may be referenced to either the air mass or the earth in which case
37、 the FPA is either air mass or earth referenced (inertial).FOUR DIMENTIONAL CONTROL (4D): Control of an aircraft in the dimensions of latitude, longitude, altitude and time. FUNCTIONS: Those features which individually or collectively define the operating modes of the FMS. These functions are descri
38、bed in 3.2.Global Positioning System (GPS): A space based satellite navigation system that provides accurate 3 dimensional position and time anywhere in the world.GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI): A methodology for control and display of information on a graphical display using a pointing device to se
39、lect and act on displayed information.SAE ARP4102/9 Revision A- 7 -2.2 (Continued):GREAT CIRCLE COURSE (CRS): The direction of the great circle through the point of departure and the destination expressed as a clockwise angle from a reference direction (usually north) to the great circle. The angle
40、varies from point to point along the great circle.GROUND TRACK/ACTUAL TRACK: The imaginary line or path on the earths surface connecting successive points over which the aircraft has flown.GROUND TRACK ANGLE/ACTUAL TRACK ANGLE (TRK or TK): The clockwise angle from true north to an imaginary line on
41、the earths surface connecting successive points over which the aircraft has flown (ground track). The normal usage implies present track angle, i.e., using the most recent successive points over a relatively short period of time.GROUND PROXIMITY WARNING SYSTEM (GPWS): A device which provides alerts
42、based on altitude above the ground level (AGL), and may provide alerts incorporating configuration, closure rate, or other factors affecting the flight safety related to flight path and altitude AGL“. See Also Terrain Awareness Warnings System (TAWS).INS-DEPENDENT: A FMS that is dependent upon the I
43、NS for steering guidance.LATERAL NAVIGATION (LNAV): A function which provides navigation data in the horizontal plane and provides command signals to the roll channel of the flight guidance system and pilots displays.METERING FIX (MF): The airport arrival flow control points used by Air Traffic Cont
44、rol to meter spacing for landing. Usually associated with a required Flight level, Speed and ETA.MINIMUM ENROUTE ALTITUDE (MEA): The lowest published altitude between radio fixes which assures acceptable navigational radio coverage and meets a the obstacle clearance requirements between those fixes.
45、 This minimum altitude applies to the entire width of the airway segment or route between the radio fixes.MINIMUM SECTOR ALTITUDE (MSA): The minimum altitude that is allowed in defined sectors in the terminal area to clear obstacles.MINIMUM VECTOR ALTITUDE (MVA): The minimum altitude that is allowed
46、 in the terminal area to clear obstacles while the aircraft is being given radar vectors by ATC. MODE CONTROL PANEL (MCP): Provides control functions for the Flight Director, Auto Pilot, Auto Throttle, (Flight Guidance System) and the Flight Management System. Referred to as the Flight Control Panel
47、 (FCP) on some aircraft.MULTI-FUNCTION CONTROL AND DISPLAY UNIT (MCDU): A device which allows the pilot to interface with the FMS and other systems for the purpose of displaying alpha numeric information, data entry mode selection and alerting. SAE ARP4102/9 Revision A- 8 -2.2 (Continued):NAVAID: A
48、general term for ground based VHF enroute and terminal navigation aids including VOR, VOR/DME, VORTAC, DME and Low Frequency beacons. Landing systems such as ILS and MLS and space based systems such as GPS, GNSS, GLONAS. are usually not included.NAVIGATION DATABASE (NDB): The Flight Management Syste
49、m (FMS) Database that contains information that will enable the aircraft to navigate along the enroute airways waypoints and airport terminal procedures that are specified in the flight plan. This database can be tailored for the geographic area and airports where the aircraft is expected to operate. The NDB is typically stored in a semi-permanent memory device so that it does not need to be reloaded each time power is applied to the FMS. This data base needs regular 28 day updates in conjunction with ICAO Annex 15 Chapter 6 Aeronautical Infor
