1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2012 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this pub
3、lication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970
4、(outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP5483/8AAEROSPACERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEARP5483/8 REV. A Issued 2002-12 Revised 2012-0
5、9 Superseding ARP5483/8 Rolling Bearing Dynamic Radial Load Test RATIONALEARP5483/8A is a five-year review with only minor editorial changes. 1. SCOPE This test method outlines the recommended machine function, fixtures and procedures used to test airframe rolling element bearings for dynamic perfor
6、mance under steady unidirectional radial load and oscillatory motion. Bearings covered by this test method shall be ball, roller or needle type in either annular or rod end configuration, used in airframe control applications. 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS The following publications form a part of this do
7、cument to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this
8、 document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained. 2.1 SAE Publications Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)
9、 or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.AS6039 Bearings, Ball, Rod End, Double Row, Self-Aligning AS7949 Bearings, Ball, Airframe, Antifriction, General Standard for AS8914 Bearings, Roller, Self-Aligning, Airframe, Antifriction AS8952 Bearings, Roller, Rod End, Antifriction, Self-Aligning SAE A
10、RP5483/8A Page 2 of 8 3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 3.1 Dynamic Radial Load 3.1.1 Test Machine The test machine shall be capable of applying a radial load as defined in the applicable bearing or drawing standard, and oscillatory motion to the bearing for the required angular arc and number of oscillatory
11、cycles per the procurement standard. Instructions for operating and maintaining the test machine are required. 3.1.1.1 Design The rod end or housed annular test bearing shall be held fixed by the test machine. The shaft passing through the inner ring of the test bearing shall be supported for oscill
12、atory motion and loaded in double shear. The structural member of the test machine shall be suitably stiff so as to limit deflection from the applied load. For guidance purposes, the deflection in the plane of the support bearings should not exceed 0.004 inches per inch within the zone included by t
13、he support bearings. The structure, support bearings, drive and linkages shall be designed for continuous operation and high reliability. Multiple test stations are permissible, providing that it can be shown that variables at each station remain withincontrol limits regardless of individual test be
14、aring performance 3.1.1.2 Applied Radial Load The test load applied through the rod end or bearing housing shall be steady and maintainable. Unless otherwise specified, the direction of loading shall be with the rod in tension. 3.1.1.3 Oscillatory Motion The oscillatory motion shall produce an angul
15、ar velocity to the test bearing inner ring approximating a sine wave. 3.1.2 Test Fixture 3.1.2.1 Annular Bearings Annular bearings shall be mounted in the bore of the housing with a resulting fit of 0.000 to 0.001 in clearance over the outside diameter. Such housing may typically be a square plate o
16、r a circular disk, with a threaded shank extending from the edge of the square or disk. The thickness of the housing shall be equal to or greater than the width of the bearing outer ring. The minimum cross sectional area of the housing shall be at least 10 times greater than the test bearing outer r
17、ing cross sectional area. The housing shall be made of steel, through hardened to 30-45 HRC. The bore of the housing shall meet a ground roughness of 16 in Ra. The shank shall be threaded for rigid attachment to a load cell or loading mechanism (see Figure 1). 3.1.2.2 Rod End Bearings Rod end bearin
18、gs have an inherent structured provision and shall not require a separate housing. 3.1.2.3 Bearing Inner Ring Support The shaft or pin to support the bearing inner ring shall be steel, mounted with a resulting fit of 0.000 to 0.001 in clearance.The steel pin shall be through hardened to 50-55 HRC, a
19、nd meet a ground roughness of 12 in Ra. 3.1.3 Instrumentation The test machine shall be provided with the following instrumentation (see Table 1). SAE ARP5483/8A Page 3 of 8 FIGURE 1 - TEST FIXTURE TABLE 1 - INSTRUMENTATION REQUIREMENTS FOR TEST MACHINE Parameter Tolerance Limits LoadOscillation Ang
20、le Frequency of Oscillation 2% of test requirement 1 of test requirement 2% of test requirement Measurement Accuracy Housing Temperature Cycles (Counter) WearTorque (If Required) 5 F Not applicable 0.0001 in 5% of peak torque 3.1.3.1 Load Cell The load cell is to measure the applied test load, or ca
21、librate the method employed to apply the test load. 3.1.3.2 Counter A cycle counter and time clock shall be used. 3.1.3.3 Wear Indicator (approach from inner ring to outer ring) The preferred method is to use a dial indicator between the test bearing housing and the shaft or pin support system. If t
22、he indicator bridges between the support bearing structure and the test bearing housing, provisions shall be made to isolate the effects of support bearing wear. SAE ARP5483/8A Page 4 of 8 3.1.3.4 Resistance Torque to Rotation Under Load The preferred method is to measure the torsion reaction from t
23、he test bearing alone. If total drive torque is used, provisions shall be made to isolate the effects of the support bearings. 3.1.3.5 Temperature Housing temperature shall be monitored using either thermocouples or using hand held contact probes. 3.1.3.6 Calibration Calibration of the instrumentati
24、on shall be in accordance with the test machines manufacturers specifications and shall be within limits at the time of the test. 3.1.4 Safety Provisions The test machine shall be configured to the extent necessary to provide maximum safety to personnel supporting the test. In particular, moving sha
25、fts, belts, chains and linkages shall be shrouded or otherwise protected. Electrical controls shall be housed in consoles to avoid shock hazards. Automatic shut-off shall be provided for the test machine to detect mechanical, electrical or hydraulic problems that endanger personnel or cause property
26、 damage due to fire, smoke or explosion.3.1.5 Maintenance A visual inspection of the test machine shall be performed prior to the start of the test. A general maintenance schedule and procedure to check and replace worn parts before the start of each test is also required. 3.1.6 Quality Assurance Pr
27、ovisions shall be made to verify and document that the following items have been checked and are acceptable. a. Operating instructions and maintenance procedures for the test machine are prepared and are understood by the test machine operator. b. Safety requirements have been met and no additional
28、safety hazards exist. c. Test machine is operational and all required test parameters are within specified limits. d. All instrumentation is functional and within calibration limits. 3.2 Specimen 3.2.1 Description The test specimen shall be as specified in the applicable drawing standard. 3.2.2 Quan
29、tity The number of test specimens shall be as specified in the procurement standard. It is recommended to have one additional bearing for set-up and checking out the test machine. 3.2.3 Disposition After Test The test bearings shall be removed from the test machine for post-test inspections as requi
30、red by the procurement standard. Disposition of the tested bearings shall be in accordance with that standard. SAE ARP5483/8A Page 5 of 8 4. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS 4.1 Machine Checkout Test A test procedure that includes a checklist, a list of data requirements, and forms for recording data shall be
31、prepared. Typical data collected or information included on the data sheet is shown in 5.3.4. An extra test bearing is recommended for setup and establishing dynamic machine adjustments, particularly if the operator is not familiar with the test requirements specified in the procurement standard. Un
32、less otherwise specified, during the pretest the operator may determine oscillatory rate so as not to exceed a housing temperature of 130 F. Before starting the checkout test, a careful examination of the test setup, test machine and instrumentation shall be conducted. Load and motion inputs should
33、then be gradually increased to their final values at the discretion of the test engineer. During this period, procedures and typical values for operating temperature, wear measurements and operating torque can be checked and operation characteristics of the test machine can be assessed. The duration
34、 of the checkout test is at the option of the test engineer. 4.2 Test Specimen Installation Finite diameter measurements shall be recorded for each specimens outside diameter, bore and pin or shaft outside diameter and housing inside diameter before installation. Part number and sample number shall
35、permanently identify bearing and housing. Record the bearing manufacturers name and identifying numbers and install the bearing into the housing. Permanently apply index marks on the bearing or housing to document the orientation of the assembly in the test machine. Insure that any thermocouple wire
36、s or other instrumentation is properly attached and install assembly into test machine. The inner ring is normally constrained axially and the outer ring given axial freedom in the housing. 4.3 Verification of Test Parameters Scheduled inspections shall be made to verify that all values or condition
37、s for each test parameter (see 5.3.1) are as specified and maintained during the entire test. Also, verify that all measurements to be used for data requirements (see 3.2) are properly taken and within specified limits. These inspections shall be made at the start and completion of each test and at
38、recurring intervals during the test. The frequency of the interim inspections shall be based on the experience with each specific test machine. A minimum of three interim inspections shall be made to verify load, oscillation angle and wear.4.4 Temperature Cooling of the test bearing is not normally
39、required for rolling element bearings. Stabilized temperature of the housing shall be monitored to assure 130 F maximum and controlled by limiting the oscillation rate. Common rates are in the range of 5 to 50 cycles per minute, and should be maintained within 2% for the duration of the test. 4.5 Lo
40、ad The load shall be maintained within 2% of the applicable document specifications. 4.6 Oscillation Angle The angle of oscillation shall be maintained within 1 degree. 4.7 Wear Displacement measurements of the approach of the inner ring to housing shall be done while the machine is oscillating unde
41、r the test load. The average value of the minimum and maximum excursions shall be determined arithmetically and used for comparison to subsequent measurements to represent “wear.“ Successive cycle average readings shall repeat within 0.0002 in. The initial recording shall be made between the 5th and
42、 25th cycles to allow seating of the component parts. SAE ARP5483/8A Page 6 of 8 4.8 Torque If required, torsion resistance from the test bearing shall be measured under the test load and oscillation angle. The maximum value shall be used to represent the test bearing condition. Successive readings
43、should repeat within 5%. The initial recording shall be made between the 5th and 25th cycles to allow seating of the component parts. 4.9 Test Duration Testing shall continue until the test has successfully completed the required number of cycles at load or until failure, as defined in the procureme
44、nt standard, has occurred. 4.10 Post Test Evaluation The test bearing shall be removed from the machine and evaluated as required by the applicable standard to confirm internal conditions associated with failure criteria such as spalling. Housing bore, pin outside diameter and bearing mounting diame
45、ters shall be measured for comparison to pretest dimensions. 5. NOTES 5.1 Intended Use This test method is intended to provide means for evaluating the performance of rolling element bearings for airframe applications, subject to steady unidirectional loads and oscillatory motion. 5.2 Method of Refe
46、rence This test method shall be referenced in procurement standards for rolling element airframe bearings. Specific test and data requirements are given in the applicable standard. The following note shall be used to reference this test method: NOTE: The bearings shall be tested in accordance with A
47、RP5483/8. 5.3 Test Data 5.3.1 Test Parameters Specific test requirements are given in the procurement document. Test requirements shall include the following test parameters as applicable: a. Test specimen design envelope b. Shaft and housing configuration c. Radial loads d. Oscillation angles e. Fr
48、equency of oscillation f. Temperature requirements g. Torque requirements h. Test duration i. Failure criteria (contact fatigue, wear, torque, etc.) SAE ARP5483/8A Page 7 of 8 5.3.2 Data Gathering Specific measurements required shall be gathered during the test at sufficiently frequent intervals to
49、yield an accurate record of the bearing performance. Data gathering shall include the following measurements as applicable: a. Time or cycles b. Wear c. Torque 5.3.3 Test Records A log shall be maintained during the test and shall include a record of start and stop times, cycles accumulated, maintenance performed on the test machine, and any other pertinent information relating to the test. Data indicating the progress of t
