1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this pu
3、blication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-4970
4、 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/ARP5486AEROSPACERECOMMENDED PRACTICEARP5486Issued 2002-02 Reaffirmed 2013-08 Air Ca
5、rgo Pallets - Utilization Guidelines RATIONALEARP5486 has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy. FOREWORDThis Aerospace Recommended Practice specifies utilization guidelines to be used when preparing air cargo pallets for carriage on board civil transport aircraft. It identi
6、fies the various concerns to be taken into consideration to ensure flight safety, and provides recognized industry standard methods to achieve it. Commercial requirements in order to ensure protection of the goods carried may also be addressed where applicable, but do not constitute the documents pr
7、imary goal. It is intended as a guide toward standard practice, and is subject to change to keep pace with experience and technical advances.Throughout this ARP, the minimum essential criteria are identified by use of the key word “shall”. Recommended criteria are identified by use of the key word “
8、should” and, while not mandatory, are considered to be of primary importance in providing safe pallet build-up arrangements. Deviation from recommended criteria should only occur after careful consideration and thorough service evaluation have shown alternate methods to provide an equivalent level o
9、f safety.TABLE OF CONTENTS1. SCOPE .41.1 Purpose.41.2 Field of Application42. REFERENCES .52.1 Applicable Documents 52.1.1 U.S. Government Publications52.1.2 AIA Publications52.1.3 Airplane Manuals 52.1.4 SAE Publications 52.2 Reference Documents 62.2.1 ISO Publications .62.2.2 IATA Publications 62.
10、3 Definitions .7TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS.73.1 Weight.73.2 Area Load .83.3 Running Load83.4 CG Location (Plan View).93.5 CG Location (Height) 103.6 Contour .114. INSTALLATION.124.1 Condition Check124.2 Cargo Stacking134.3 Shifting Protection.144.4 Net Installation 155. SHO
11、RING .165.1 General .165.2 Methods 175.3 Computation186. RESTRAINT196.1 Net Restraint .196.2 Straps Complement 206.3 Straps Tie-Down207. SPECIFIC COMMODITIES.217.1 Overhangs 217.2 Long Loads .227.3 “Tall“ Loads .237.4 Drums, Cans, Barrels237.5 Reels, Spools247.6 Hazardous Materials .258. PALLET ACCE
12、SSORIES268.1 Pallet Covers.268.2 Pallet Extenders268.3 Pallet Couplings 278.4 Other Accessories.28SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5486 Page 2 of 30_TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)9. OPERATING CONSIDERATIONS289.1 Operating Instructions.299.2 Training and Qualification .299.3 Quality Control Program .30SAE INTERNA
13、TIONAL ARP5486 Page 3 of 30_1. SCOPE:1.1 Purpose:1.1.1 Air cargo pallets and their cargo restraint nets constitute aircraft Unit Load Devices, defined by industry standards and airworthiness certified based on Technical Standard Order (TSO) C90c in accordance with the requirements of NAS 3610. This
14、guarantees their design to be intrinsically safe for flight on board compatible aircraft types. However, actual flight safety also requires these certified pieces of equipment to be properly used: numerous occurrences have demonstrated a certified ULD can nevertheless jeopardize flight safety if loa
15、ded or restrained in an inadequate manner.1.1.2 Accordingly, this ARP aims at providing recognized industry standard methods to achieve the best attainable level of safety when preparing air cargo pallets for loading on board aircraft, taking into account the requirements to be met as a result of th
16、e ULDs airworthiness certification requisites, the general requirements expressed in the aircraft manufacturers Weight and Balance Manuals, as well as the various potential areas of concern identified based on experience.1.1.3 This ARP therefore provides recommended practical means of compliance wit
17、h flight safety objectives, intended to be available as a common base for carriers as well as shippers and cargo handling agents when establishing their own in-house publications and staff training programs.1.1.4 This ARP assumes any air cargo pallet prepared shall, prior to release for loading on b
18、oard an aircraft, be inspected and found satisfactory by competent, suitably trained personnel responsible for checking it meets all applicable flight safety requirements.1.1.5 This ARP shall not, under any circumstance, supersede the requirements of applicable airworthiness regulations (see FAR Par
19、t 25) or the aircraft manufacturers Weight and Balance Manual.1.2 Field of Application:1.2.1 This ARP is intended to apply to any airworthiness certified air cargo pallet built up from either a single or a number of pieces of commercial cargo, intended to be loaded on lower, main or upper deck of a
20、civil transport aircraft, whether a freighter or a passenger carrying aircraft.1.2.2 Its field of application includes all pallets prepared within ground premises, whether at a shippers facilities or an airport cargo warehouse, including those intended to be loaded into the aircraft in a “floating”
21、(i.e., not fully system restrained) position requiring tie-down onto the aircrafts structure instead of the pallets tracks.1.2.3 Its provisions may not entirely apply in the event of “pre-embarked” pallets, i.e. pallets loaded empty into the aircraft to be used as a floor on which cargo is later bro
22、ught and palletized inside the cargo compartment. In such a case, it pertains to the operator to identify and implement the applicable criteria.SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5486 Page 4 of 30_1.2.4 This ARP is not intended to apply to air cargo pallets prepared for military transport aircraft, and does not t
23、ake into account any specific criteria for military aircraft. Nothing, however, precludes it being used for guidelines in this case, it pertaining to the military operator to identify and implement any additional applicable criteria.2. REFERENCES:2.1 Applicable Documents:The following publications f
24、orm a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the issue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited her
25、ein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.2.1.1 U.S. Government Regulations: Available from U.S. Government Printg Office, M/S SSOP, Washington DC 20402.14CFR Part 21 Te
26、chnical Standard Orders (TSO C90c, Cargo Pallets, Nets and Containers)14CFR Part 25 Airworthiness Standards: Transport category airplanes (FAR Part 25)14CFR Part 121 Air carriers certification and operation (FAR Part 121)FAA AC 120-59 Air carriers internal evaluation program2.1.2 AIA Publications: A
27、vailable from AIA, 1725 De Sales Street NW, Washington DC 20036.NAS 3610 Cargo Unit Load Devices, Specification for2.1.3 Airplane Manuals: Available from the relevant aircraft manufacturer(s).Weight and Balance Manual(s) for the aircraft type(s)/sub-type(s) concerned2.1.4 SAE Publications: Available
28、 from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale PA 15096-0001.AS1130F Air and Air/Surface (Platform) Cargo PalletsAS1131C Air and Air/Surface (Platform) Cargo Pallet NetsAIR1490A Environmental Degradation of TextilesAS1491B Interline Air Cargo Pallets AS1492B Interline Air Cargo Pallet NetsAS1825A Met
29、hodology of Calculating Aircraft Cargo VolumeAS1988A Cargo Pallet ExtendersAS5385 Cargo Restraint Straps - Design Criteria and Testing RequirementsARPXXXX Cargo Restraint Straps - Utilization Guidelines (in preparation)ARPXXXX Cargo Shoring Guidelines (in preparation)AS36100 Air Cargo ULDs - Perform
30、ance Requirements and Test Parameters (in preparation)SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5486 Page 5 of 30_2.2 Reference Documents:2.2.1 ISO Publications: Available from ANSI, 25 West 43rd Street, New York, NY 10036-8002.ISO 4115 Air cargo equipment - Air/land pallet netsISO 4117 Air and air/land cargo pallets -
31、Specification and testingISO 4170 Air cargo equipment - Interline pallet netsISO 4171 Air cargo equipment - Interline palletsISO 8097 Aircraft - Minimum airworthiness requirements and test conditions for certified air cargo unit load devices (endorsement of NAS 3610)ISO 9002 Quality systems - Model
32、for quality assurance in production, installation and servicingISO 10046 Methodology for calculating aircraft cargo volumesISO 10254 Air cargo and ground equipment - VocabularyISO 16049-1 Air cargo equipment - Restraint straps - Part 1: Design criteria and testing methodsISO 16049-2 Air cargo equipm
33、ent - Restraint straps - Part 2: Utilization guidelines, lashing calculations2.2.2 IATA Publications: Available from International Air Transport Association, 800 place Victoria, P.O. Box 113, Montral Quebec H4Z 1M1, Canada.ULD Technical Manual:UTM 50/0 Requirements for interlining of ULDsUTM 50/1 Pa
34、llet for NAS 3610 Class II restraint systemsUTM 50/2 Aircraft pallet netUTM 50/9 16 or 20 pallet for NAS 3610 Class II restraint systemsUTM 60/1 Pallet extensionsUTM 60/2 Cargo restraint strapsAirport Handling Manual:AHM 330 Preparation for loading of cargoAHM 376 Acceptance standards for the interc
35、hange of transferred ULDsAHM 534 Weight control of loadAHM 645 Loading precautions for incompatible loadsAHM 671 Securing of loadAHM 677 Handling and loading of BIG or overhang itemsAHM 692 Ramp handling and loading procedures, training and qualificationsAHM 810 IATA standard ground handling agreeme
36、ntOther publications:Principles of Aircraft Handling (incorporating: ULD Handling guide)SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5486 Page 6 of 30_2.3 Definitions:HEAVY DUTY (- PALLET): Any type or size of NAS 3610 Class I or II certified aircraft pallet with a base core stiffness (E.I value) of 2 x 105 lb x in2/in wid
37、th of core (2.5 x 106 N x cm2/cm width of core) or more.NET (PALLET -): Any type or size of NAS 3610 Class II certified aircraft pallet net meeting the requirements of either AS1492B (ISO 4170, IATA 50/2) or AS1131C (ISO 4115, IATA 50/2).PALLET (AIR CARGO -): Any type and size of NAS 3610 Class II c
38、ertified aircraft pallet meeting the requirements of either AS1491B (ISO 4171, IATA 50/1: most consist of an aluminum plate base ) or AS1130F (ISO 4117, IATA 50/9: heavy duty, stiffer, typically 2 in/50 mm thick, units ). Used in conjunction with an appropriate pallet net, it constitutes a complete
39、unit load device.PALLET (WOODEN -): Any type and size of industrial forkliftable pallet for general use, made of wood or similar materials, used to facilitate handling and stacking of individual pieces of cargo.PALLET EXTENSION: Any device (usually a pair of symmetrical devices) used to extend the c
40、ontour of a pallet load out of its base footprint on the lower deck of wide-body aircraft, meeting the requirements of ARP1988A (IATA 60/1).SHORING: The methods or equipment used to evenly distribute a concentrated cargo load over a pallets surface in order to meet the applicable aircraft floor load
41、 limitations.STRAP (AIR CARGO RESTRAINT -): An elementary tie-down unit consisting of flat woven textile webbing, tensioning device and two end fittings, meeting the requirements of AS5385 (ISO 16049-1, IATA 60/2).TIE-DOWN: The methods or equipment used to ensure proper restraint of cargo onto a pal
42、lets edge track to replace or complement net restraint when necessary. Tie-down guidelines are provided in ARPXXXX (ISO 16049-2, IATA AHM 671).Also see ISO 10254, Air cargo and ground equipment - Vocabulary.3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS:All of the following general requirements shall be met on completion
43、of every pallet build-up process, and checked by the responsible agent prior to pallet release for loading on board an aircraft:3.1 Weight:3.1.1 The completed pallets gross weight shall be systematically established by actual weighing on a scale with a 1% or better accuracy, prior to the pallet bein
44、g released for loading on aircraft. This weight shall be entered and used throughout the flights weight and balance documentation.SAE INTERNATIONAL ARP5486 Page 7 of 30_3.1.2 The pallets gross weight shall not exceed (whichever is less) its own certified MGW as engraved on its edge track or the rate
45、d maximum value for the position it is intended to be loaded on in the aircraft, or, when the position or the aircraft type is unknown at the time of build-up, the lowest of the possible (e.g., lower deck or main deck position) maximum values.3.1.3 Compliance with the other limitations listed in 3.2
46、 through 3.5 hereafter shall also be checked.3.2 Area Load:3.2.1 The load on any given area of significant size (typically more than 10 to 20% of the pallets surface) should meet the maximum area load limitation specified in the Weight and Balance Manual for the lower, main or upper deck position it
47、 is intended to be loaded on in the aircraft.NOTE: What shall be taken into account to verify area load limitation is the total bearing area, i.e. that of the outer perimeter defined by all contact points of the load onto the pallet.Area load is not to be mistaken for local load (the load divided by the actual contact area): local load limitations may or may not be defined in the aircrafts Weight and Balance Manual, but they seldom are critical for ai
