1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2017 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/standards.sae.org/AS478P AEROSPACE STANDARD AS478 REV. P Issued 1960-05 Reaffirmed 2015-04 Revised 2017-11 Supers
5、eding AS478N Identification Marking Methods RATIONALE Revise Section 6 (RULES FOR DESIGNATING MARKING METHODS), correct error in maximum depth (mm) for Method 1C in Table 1, and general editorial update. 1. SCOPE This standard provides the following: a. Definition of terms pertaining to marking. b.
6、Symbols for marking location. c. Requirements and restrictions for permanent markings. d. Types of marking methods. e. Rules for designating marking methods. f. Table listing marking methods. 1.1 Purpose To define and control marking methods, and to provide a method for specifying desired marking me
7、thods on aerospace engineering drawings of parts and assemblies. 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this document to the extent specified herein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. The applicable issue of other publications shall be the is
8、sue in effect on the date of the purchase order. In the event of conflict between the text of this document and references cited herein, the text of this document takes precedence. Nothing in this document, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obta
9、ined. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS478P Page 2 of 15 2.1.1 U.S. Government Publications Copies of these documents are available online at http:/quicksearch.dla.mil. MIL-HDBK-57 Listing of Fastener Manufacturers Identification Symbols H4/H8 Commercial and Government Entity (CAGE) Codes 2.1.2 ANSI Accredited P
10、ublications Copies of these documents are available online at http:/webstore.ansi.org/. ANSI INCITS 17 Character Set for Optical Character Recognition (OCR-A) ANSI INCITS 93M Character Positioning for Optical Character Recognition (OCR) 2.2 Definitions For the purpose of this standard, the following
11、 definitions shall apply: 2.2.1 CONTRACTOR Any individual, company, partnership, association, or corporation holding a contract or letter of intent to supply items for which this standard is specified. 2.2.2 IDENTIFICATION Any marking applied to an item or its package for the purpose of engineering,
12、 manufacturing, or inspection control. Examples are: a. Item number b. Vendor number c. Manufacturers identification d. Inspection symbols 2.2.2.1 MANUFACTURERS IDENTIFICATION The actual manufacturers name, registered trademark, or the identification symbol listed in MIL-HDBK-57, or the CAGE code id
13、entification established in Cataloging Handbooks H4/H8, or as otherwise specified. 2.2.3 ITEM An article, used in this standard to relate to a part, assembly, or equipment. 2.2.4 PACKAGE The smallest enclosure into which an item(s) is placed for protection during storage or shipment. 2.2.5 PERMANENT
14、 MARKING Marking which will ensure identification during the normal service life of the item. Methods of permanent marking are listed in 4.1. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS478P Page 3 of 15 2.2.6 TEMPORARY MARKING Marking which will ensure identification during ordinary handling and storage of items prior to
15、assembly and use. Under certain service conditions these markings may exhibit the characteristics of permanent markings. Temporary marking methods are listed in 4.2. 2.2.7 OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION An automatic data entry system that utilizes predefined human readable shaped alphanumeric charact
16、er fonts which can be read by automatic scanning equipment. 3. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Items shall be marked in accordance with this standard unless otherwise specified on the item drawing. The method of marking shall be designated as shown in 6.1. 3.1 Marking Location Location of marking on items shal
17、l be in accordance with the following as applicable: 3.1.1 General The symbol as shown in Figure 1, or a local note, indicates general location for marking. Figure 1 - Symbol for general location for marking 3.1.2 Pad The symbol as shown in Figure 2, or a local note, indicates pad location for marki
18、ng. Figure 2 - Symbol for pad location for marking 3.1.3 Integral The symbol as shown in Figure 3, or a local note, indicates pad location for integral marking (cast, forged, or molded). Figure 3 - Symbol for location for integral marking (cast, forged, or molded) 3.1.4 Specific The symbol as shown
19、in Figure 4, or a local note, indicates a specified area within which markings must be confined. Figure 4 - Symbol for specified area within which markings must be confined SAE INTERNATIONAL AS478P Page 4 of 15 3.1.5 Multiple Where two or more locations for marking are specified, markings shall be g
20、rouped so that as few of the locations as practicable are used. 3.2 Permanent Markings Permanent markings are permitted on finished items only when specified on the engineering drawing from which the item is manufactured. 3.2.1 Items which require more than one identification number, such as item nu
21、mber, serial number, etc., shall have each number on a separate line; or consecutive identification numbers on the same line shall be separated by no less than two spaces. The separation or division of the digits of an identification number will not be objectionable provided the digits are in sequen
22、ce and cannot be misread. 3.2.2 Permanent marking for the general categories of items shall normally be between 0.060 and 0.160 inch (1.5 and 4 mm) in height. In special cases when governed by size or configuration, 0.016 inch (0.4 mm) minimum or 0.250 inch (6.35 mm) maximum height is permissible, o
23、r as otherwise specified in this standard or on the item drawing. When integral marking is used, the height should not exceed 0.500 inch (12.7 mm) nominal character size. 3.2.3 Permanent marking is not recommended on contacting surfaces, nor on surfaces which are in motion with respect to the mating
24、 surface during operation of the items. However, when permanent markings must be placed on such surfaces, all raised metal and burrs shall be removed in accordance with the requirements given on the item drawing. 3.2.4 Permanent markings shall not be applied on surfaces which have been chemically pr
25、ocessed, painted, or plated unless the marking will be legible and the minimum requirements of the surface treatment process is maintained or restored. 3.2.5 Permanent markings shall not be nearer than 0.031 inch (0.78 mm) to any corner, fillet, or edge unless specifically designated. Where a specif
26、ic marking location, as designated and dimensioned, does not provide enough area for 0.031 inch (0.78 mm) distance to any edge, corner, or fillet, the markings shall be centered upon the area without breaking over an edge or encroaching into corners or fillets. When parts are machined from previousl
27、y marked hexagon bar stock, the 0.031 inch (0.78 mm) edge restriction is waived, provided the marking is legible. 3.2.6 Precautions Stress concentrations resulting from improper applications of marking methods may cause item distortion or failure. Marking methods, such as methods 4 or 6 in Table 1,
28、may produce secondary effects which are detrimental to item reliability and must be properly evaluated to the item design. Items distorted or otherwise damaged by marking shall be subject to rejection. Permanent markings not in compliance with the limits given in this standard may be the basis for r
29、ejection of the items by the purchaser. 3.2.7 Legibility Identification marking shall be legible and make full use of the available marking area. Characters shall be block form capital letters and Arabic numerals without serifs, such as “Gothic“ or “Futura.“ Lower case letters may be used when requi
30、red for metric unit symbols. Other characters shall be of similar appearance. Condensed letters and smeared letters shall be cause for rejection. Templates for the electrochemical process may be produced by a conventional typewriter provided legibility is maintained. Processes performed after markin
31、g which may reduce legibility (such as vapor or grit blasting, tumbling, etching, etc.) shall be controlled to prevent loss of legibility. Normally all characters shall be legible without magnification. However, where space or surface condition limits the size of characters that may be used, legibil
32、ity with 3X magnification maximum is permissible when authorized. 3.2.8 Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Marking requirements for the standard OCR-A character set are specified in ANSI INCITS 17. The OCR-A marking characters height, width, spacing and positioning requirements are specified in Tab
33、le 2. See 6.1.1 for an example of designating OCR font marking method. SAE INTERNATIONAL AS478P Page 5 of 15 4. MARKING METHODS 4.1 Permanent Markings Permanent markings shall not affect the function or serviceability of the item. 4.1.1 Integral Characters are produced by casting, forging, or moldin
34、g into or onto the item. 4.1.2 Metal Stamp Characters are produced by forcible displacement of material. 4.1.2.1 Hammer Characters are produced individually or in groups by impact force applied mechanically or by hand. 4.1.2.2 Press Characters are produced individually or in groups with a controlled
35、 force applied without impact. 4.1.2.3 Roll Characters are produced by a rotating motion of either the item or the tool, or both, when in contact with each other under a controlled force. 4.1.2.4 Vibro Peen, Manual Characters are produced by a hand guided rapidly vibrating tool having a pointed tip
36、making indentations on the item to produce the characters.SAE INTERNATIONAL AS478PPage6 of 15Table 1- Markingmethod number, class letter, anddepthMETHODNUMBER PARAGRAPH REFERENCE SEE NOTE1 MARKING METHODSee 3.2.6 DEPTHCLASS LETTER 1STTIER 2NDTIER 3RDTIER INCHMILLIMETER MIN MAX MIN MAX A B C D E F G
37、H J K L M N P R 1 1A 1A1 1A2 4.1.1 - - A A PERMANENT MARKING METHODS INTEGRALLight RaisedDepressed 0.0050.0050.0100.0100.13 0.13 0.25 0.25 X X 1B1B1 1B2 - - Intermediate RaisedDepressed 0.0080.0080.0350.0350.20 0.20 0.89 0.89 1CHeavy (Raised Only)0.0300.1300.83.30 2 2A 2A1 2A2 4.1.2 4.1.2.1 - - B C
38、METAL STAMPHammer Shallow Deep0.0010.0040.0060.0100.03 0.10 0.15 0.25 X X X 2B2B1 2B2 4.1.2.2 - D E Press Shallow Deep 0.0010.0040.0060.0100.03 0.10 0.15 0.25 X X X X X 2C2C1 2C24.1.2.3 - D E Roll Shallow Deep0.0010.0040.0060.0100.03 0.10 0.15 0.25 X X X X X X X X 2D2D1 2D24.1.2.4 - D E Vibro Peen,
39、Manual Shallow Deep0.0010.0040.0060.0100.03 0.10 0.15 0.25 X X X X X X X 2E2E1 2E2 4.1.2.5 - - - Vibro Peen, ControlledShallow Deep(a) 0.0020.0020.006(a) 0.05 0.05 0.15 X X X X X X X 2F2F1 2F2 2F3 4.1.2.6 - - - - Dot-PeeningShallow Intermediate Deep(a) 0.0010.0020.0020.0040.006(a) 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.1
40、0 0.15 X X X X X X X X X 3 3A 4.1.3 4.1.3.1 - F ENGRAVE Manual 0.0005 0.0060.0130.15 X X 3B3B1 3B2 4.1.3.2 - G H ControlledShallow Deep0.0005 0.0020 0.0030.0060.0130.0500.08 0.15 X X X X X X X X X 4 4A 4A1 4A2 4.14 4.1.4.1 - - - - ELECTRICARCSCRIBE Manual Shallow Deep 0.0010.0030.0030.0100.0300.0800
41、.08 0.25 4B4B1 4B2 4.1.4.2 - M - ControlledShallow Deep0.0005 0.0010 0.0010.0060.0130.0300.03 0.15 X SAE INTERNATIONAL AS478PPage7 of 15METHODNUMBER PARAGRAPH REFERENCE SEE NOTE1 MARKING METHODSee 3.2.6 DEPTHCLASS LETTER 1STTIER 2NDTIER 3RDTIER INCHMILLIMETER MIN MAX MIN MAX A B C D E F G H J K L M
42、N P R 5 5A 4.1.5 4.1.5.1 - F PERMANENT MARKING METHODS SCRIBEManual 0.0010.0060.03 0.15 X X 5B5B1 5B2 5B3 4.1.5.2 - G J - ControlledShallowDeep Extra Shallow 0.0010 0.0020 0.0002 0.0030 0.0060 0.0007 0.0300.0500.0050.0800.1500.018X X X X X X X X X X 6 6A 6B 6C 4.16 - K - L ACIDETCH (see 4.1)ShallowI
43、ntermediate Deep(a) 0.0005 0.0010 0.0005 0.0010 0.0030 (a) 0.0130.0300.0130.0300.080X X X X 7 7A 7A1 7A2 7A3 4.1.7 4.1.7.1 - - - - - ELECTRICALETCH (see 4.1)EtchShallow Intermediate Deep (a) (a) (a) 0.0010.0030.005(a) (a) (a) 0.03 0.08 0.13 X X X X X X X X 7B4.1.7.2- - DepositRaised(a) 0.0004 (a) 0.
44、0107C7C1 7C2 7C3 4.1.7.3 - - - - ACEtchShallow Intermediate Deep (a) (a) (a) 0.0010.0030.005(a) (a) (a) 0.03 0.08 0.13 X X X X X X X X 7D4.1.7.4- ACEtch DCDeposit (a)0.0005 (a)0.013X 8 8A 8B 8C 4.1.8 - K G G BLAST ShallowDeepIntermediate (a) 0.0010 0.0003 0.0005 0.0030 0.0010 (a) 0.0300.0080.0130.08
45、00.030X X X X X X X X X X X 9 9A 4.1.9 4.1.9.1 - - Brand Hot Press 0.0010.0010.0100.0100.03 0.03 0.25 0.25 104.1.10- CERAMIC 114.1.11- DECALCOMANIA124.1.12- PLATE 134.1.13- BAND144.1.14- PRESSURESENSITIVE LABEL 1515A 15A115A215A34.1.154.1.15.1 - - - - - LASER Dot Matrix ModeShallow Intermediate Deep
46、 0.0001 0.0004 0.0010 0.0003 0.0010 0.0030 0.0030.0100.0300.0080.0300.08015B15B115B215B34.1.15.2 - - - - EngraveMode Shallow Intermediate Deep 0.0001 0.0007 0.0040 0.0006 0.0040 0.0100 0.0030.0180.1000.0150.1000.250164.1.16- PLASTICLAMINATESAE INTERNATIONAL AS478PPage8 of 15METHODNUMBER PARAGRAPH RE
47、FERENCE SEE NOTE1 MARKING METHODSee 3.2.6 DEPTHCLASS LETTER 1STTIER 2NDTIER 3RDTIER INCHMILLIMETER MIN MAX MIN MAX A B C D E F G H J K L M N P R 29 4.2 - TEMPORARY MARKING METHODS ANY TEMPORARY METHOD304.2.1 - INK 314.2.2 - DYE 3232A 4.2.3 4.2.3.1 - - PAINT Silk-Screen334.2.4 - CHALK 344.2.5 - CRAYO
48、N3535A 35B 35C35D4.2.6 - N - P - TAG Nonmetallictag the marking shall be legible after coating. 4.1.12 Plate A data or nameplate bearing the required identification marking is securely affixed to the item. 4.1.13 Band A band bearing the required identification marking is permanently attached to the
49、item. 4.1.14 Pressure Sensitive Label An environment resisting label bearing the required identification, backed with pressure sensitive adhesive, is applied to the item. 4.1.15 Laser Characters are produced by displacing material with a laser beam. Depth is controlled by varying the pulse rate of the beam, the speed of advance, the focus, and the power. 4.1.15.1 Dot Matrix Mode Characters are formed by a series of dot-like depr
