1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2009 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be
3、reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: 724-776-4970 (outside USA)Fax: 724-
4、776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSURFACEVEHICLERECOMMENDEDPRACTICEJ1050REAF.FEB2009Issued 1973-09Reaffirmed 2009-02Superseding J1050 JAN2003(R) Describing and Measuring the Drivers Field of ViewTABLE OF CONTENTS1 Scope . 22 References . 22.1 Applicable Publicati
5、ons 23. Definitions. 24. Measuring Direct Field of View. 54.1 Direct Field for an Individual Driver 54.2 Direct Field for a Group of Drivers 74.3 Method for Approximating Direct field of View Through Windows 105 Measuring Indirect Field of View 105.1 Field of View for an Individual Driver 105.2 Fiel
6、d of View for a Group of Drivers . 115.3 Field of View Using Neck Pivot Points Defined in SAE J941 . 126 Obstructions . 126.1 Obstruction in Direct Field as Seen by an Individual Driver . 126.2 Obstructions in the Direct Field as Seen by a Group of Drivers. 136.3 Determining the Areas on the Display
7、 and Control Surfaces Which are not Obstructed . 146.4 Obstructions in the Indirect Field 14Appendix A Developing V and P Points. 15Appendix B Approximating the Indirect Field of View Using “P” Points Defined in SAE J941. 17Appendix C Approximating the Obstruction Angle from A-Pillars 18Appendix D A
8、pproximating the Visible Areas on Control and Display Surfaces 19Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1050 Reaffirmed FEB2009-2-1. ScopeThis SAE Recommended Practice establishes metho
9、ds for describing and measuring the drivers fieldof view. The document describes three methods for measuring the direct and indirect fields of view and theextent of obstructions within those fields. The first method uses any single pair of eye points to determine thefields or obstructions that would
10、 be seen by an individual driver. The second method uses the SAE Eyellipsesdefined in SAE J941 to determine the largest fields or obstructions that would be seen for a given percentageof the driving population. The third method uses specific eye points defined in SAE J941 to measure the extentof a s
11、pecific field of view or obstruction for which those points were developed.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLIC
12、ATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J264Vision GlossarySAE J941Motor Vehicle Drivers Eye LocationsSAE J985Vision Factors Considerations in Rear View Mirror Design3. Definitions3.1 Vision Origin Points3.1.1 EYE POINT (E POINT) (FIGURE 1)Point representing t
13、he location of the eye and from which sight lines mayoriginate. The left and right eye points are 65.0 mm apart.FIGURE 1EYES MAY ROTATE ABOUT THE EYE POINTS (E POINTS) A MAXIMUM OF 30 DEGREES LEFT AND RIGHT, 45 DEGREES UP AND 65 DEGREES DOWNCopyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license w
14、ith SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1050 Reaffirmed FEB2009-3-3.1.2 NECK PIVOT POINT (P POINT) (FIGURE 1)A point about which the drivers head turns on a horizontal plane.It is located 98 mm rearward and midway between the left and right eye
15、points. (Appendix A)3.1.3 VISION POINT (V POINT)A point developed and used for defining and measuring specific direct field of viewrequirements. (Appendix A)3.2 Sight LineA line representing the drivers line of sight from an eye point or a V Point to a target point or at agiven angle.3.3 Eye Rotatio
16、n3.3.1 MAXIMUM EYE ROTATION (FIGURE 1)The eye may rotate a maximum of 30 degrees left, 30 degrees right,45 degrees up, and 65 degrees down from straight ahead.3.3.2 EASY EYE ROTATIONThe eye may rotate easily 15 degrees left, 15 degrees right, 15 degrees up, and 15degrees down from straight ahead.3.4
17、 Head Turn3.4.1 MAXIMUM HEAD TURN (FIGURE 2)The drivers head may turn about a vertical axis a maximum of 60 degreesto the left or to the right from the straight ahead position.FIGURE 2THE SIGHT LINES AND EYE POINTS (E POINTS) MAY ROTATE ABOUT THE NECK PIVOTPOINT (P POINT) A MAXIMUM OF 60 DEGREES LEF
18、T OR RIGHT3.4.2 EASY HEAD TURNThe drivers head may easily turn about a vertical axis 45 degrees to the left or to the rightfrom the straight ahead position.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
19、-,-,-SAE J1050 Reaffirmed FEB2009-4-3.5 Indirect Vision DeviceAny device used by a driver to view a field. Examples are mirrors and videosystems.3.6 Field of ViewThe solid angle defined by sight lines originating from one or more eye points.3.6.1 DIRECT FIELD OF VIEWThe field of view seen without th
20、e aid of any devices.3.6.2 INDIRECT FIELD OF VIEWThe field of view seen with the use of devices.3.6.3 MONOCULAR FIELD OF VIEW (FIGURE 3)The field of view that can be seen by one eye.FIGURE 3DIRECT HORIZONTAL FIELD OF VIEW. THE BINOCULAR OBSTRUCTION IS SEEN BY BOTH EYES. THE MONOCULAR OBSTRUCTION IS
21、SEEN ONLY BY THE LEFT EYE.3.6.4 BINOCULAR FIELD OF VIEW (FIGURE 3)The field of view that can be seen by both eyes simultaneously.3.6.5 AMBINOCULAR FIELD OF VIEW (FIGURE 3)The total field of view that can be seen by both eyes separately.This includes the binocular field as well as the monocular field
22、 visible to the right eye but not the left eye andvice versa.3.6.6 RANGE OF FIELD OF VIEW (FIGURE 4)The sum of the angular fields of view to the right and left (or up anddown) which can be seen by an individual driver or by the percent of drivers specified by an Eyellipse whichis used. Although the
23、same percent of drivers will see the field to the left and the field to the right (or up anddown), not all the same drivers will be included in both groups.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
24、-,-,-SAE J1050 Reaffirmed FEB2009-5-FIGURE 4RANGE OF DIRECT AMBINOCULAR FIELD OF VIEW IS THE SUM OF THE FIELD TOTHE LEFT AND THAT TO THE RIGHT3.6.7 PERIPHERAL FIELD OF VIEWThe field of view that extends a maximum of 90 degrees in the temporaldirection.3.7 Obstruction3.7.1 BINOCULAR OBSTRUCTION (FIGU
25、RE 3)Any object within the binocular view which creates an area behind itwhich cannot be seen simultaneously by the left and right eyes.3.7.2 MONOCULAR OBSTRUCTION (FIGURE 3)Any object visible to only one eye which creates an area behind itwhich cannot be seen by that eye.4. Measuring Direct Field o
26、f ViewThe direct field of view is measured using ambinocular vision, so any pointor angle is deemed visible if at least one of the eyes can see it. Therefore, when measuring an angular fieldlimited by an aperture (e.g., through a window), the largest angular field at any point along the aperture is
27、thatseen by the eye point farthest from the point on the aperture. The largest field to the left is found using the righteye point and the largest field to the right is found using the left eye point.When determining whether a specific point or angle can be seen within a field that is not limited by
28、 an aperture,the eye point closest to the point or angle will view the point or angle with the smallest head turn and/or eyerotation. Therefore, the right eye point should be used to view a point to the right and the left eye point used toview a point to the left.4.1 Direct Field for an Individual D
29、riverIf the following procedure is performed for points at the left and rightlimits of the field, the horizontal angle between the two sight lines is the drivers direct ambinocular field of view.The field may be limited by an aperture or by the limits of eye rotation. Likewise, the vertical field of
30、 view maybe found using the top and bottom field limits.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1050 Reaffirmed FEB2009-6-4.1.1 SELECT THE EYE POINTIf the field is limited by an aperture
31、, use the eye point farther from the point on theaperture under consideration. (Figure 5)If the field is not limited by an aperture, use the eye point closer to the point or angle to be viewed. (Figure 6)4.1.2 ROTATE THE SIGHT LINE ABOUT THE EYE POINT (FIGURES 5 AND 6)Rotate the sight line about the
32、 eye pointuntil it reaches the specified point or angle but not farther than allowed by maximum horizontal and verticaleye rotation. If the sight line does not reach the point or angle, then it is not visible with eye rotation only.FIGURE 5RANGE OF HORIZONTAL AMBINOCULAR FIELD OF VIEW FOR AN INDIVID
33、UAL DRIVERWITH EYE ROTATION ONLY. IN THIS EXAMPLE, THE FIELD TO THE LEFT IS LIMITED BY THE APERTUREAND THE FIELD TO THE RIGHT IS LIMITED BY ALLOWABLE EYE ROTATION.FIGURE 6INDIVIDUAL DRIVER VIEWING POINTS WITHIN A FIELD WHICH IS NOT LIMITED BY AN APERTURE.IN THIS EXAMPLE, THE POINT ON THE LEFT IS SEE
34、N WITH EYE ROTATION ONLY AND THAT ON THE RIGHT IS SEEN USING EYE ROTATION AND HEAD TURN.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1050 Reaffirmed FEB2009-7-4.1.3 FIELD OF VIEW WITH EYE ROT
35、ATION ONLYThe field of view with eye rotation only is defined using thehorizontal and vertical angles of the sight line from 4.1.2 or the point where the sight line intersects a target.4.1.4 ROTATE THE SIGHT LINE ABOUT THE NECK PIVOT POINT (FIGURES 6 AND 7)If the sight line from 4.1.2 doesnot pass t
36、hrough the specified point or does not reach the specified angle, then rotate it about the neck pivotpoint until it either reaches the point or angle or reaches maximum head turn. If the sight line does not reachthe point or angle, then it is not visible within the limits of maximum eye rotation and
37、 head turn.FIGURE 7RANGE OF HORIZONTAL AMBINOCULAR FIELD OF VIEW THROUGH AN APERTURE FORAN INDIVIDUAL DRIVER. IN THIS EXAMPLE, THE FIELD TO THE LEFT IS SEEN WITH EYEROTATION ONLY AND THAT TO THE RIGHT IS SEEN WITH EYE ROTATION AND HEAD TURN.4.1.5 FIELD OF VIEW WITH EYE ROTATION AND HEAD TURNThe fiel
38、d of view with eye rotation and head turn isdefined using the horizontal and vertical angles of the sight line from 4.1.4 or the point where the sight lineintersects a target.4.2 Direct Field for a Group of DriversThe Eyellipses may be used to determine the largest direct field of viewwhich will be
39、seen by everyone within a selected group of drivers. The selected group is determined by theEyellipse chosen. If the 95th percentile Eyellipse is used in this procedure, 95% of drivers will view at least thecalculated field.4.2.1 FIELD FOR ANY ANGLE OR POINTDirect field of view is defined using a pl
40、ane which is tangent to an Eyellipseand which either goes through the point of interest or is at the desired angle. The plane may be at anyorientation relative to the coordinate system within the limits of maximum head turn and eye rotation.Because all the eye points of the selected group are on the
41、 ellipse side of that tangent plane, all driverswithin the group will view at least the angle on the ellipse side of the plane.If the tangent plane contains a point on an aperture and is tangent to the side of the Eyellipse closest to theaperture point, all drivers within the group would be able to
42、see through the aperture at the angle of theplane. The largest field through the aperture would be defined using the Eyellipse farthest from the aperturepoint.If the tangent plane contains a specified point in space and is tangent to the side of the Eyellipse farthestfrom the point, all drivers with
43、in the group would be able to see that point. The point will be seen with theleast head turn and eye rotation if the Eyellipse closest to the specified point is used.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking permitted without licens
44、e from IHS-,-,-SAE J1050 Reaffirmed FEB2009-8-4.2.2 HORIZONTAL FIELDThe horizontal range of direct ambinocular field of view for the selected group of driversis the horizontal angle between two vertical planes defined when the following procedure is performed forpoints at the left and right limits o
45、f the vision area. The limits may be those imposed by an aperture or bymaximum eye rotation and head turn.4.2.2.1 Select the Proper EyellipseIf the field is limited by an aperture, use the Eyellipse farthest from the pointon the aperture and construct the plane to the side of the Eyellipse closest t
46、o the point. (Figure 8)If the field is not limited by an aperture, use the Eyellipse closest to the point or angle and construct theplane to the side of the Eyellipse farthest from the point or angle. (Figure 9)FIGURE 8THE RANGE OF HORIZONTAL AMBINOCULAR FIELD OF VIEWFOR A GROUP OF DRIVERS WITH EYE
47、ROTATION ONLY IS THE ANGLE BETWEEN A VERTICAL PLANE TANGENT TO THE LEFT SIDE OF THE RIGHTEYELLIPSE AND ONE TANGENT TO THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE LEFT EYELLIPSEIN THIS EXAMPLE, THE FIELD TO LEFT IS LIMITED BY THE APERATUREAND THE FIELD TO THE RIGHT IS LIMITED BY EYE ROTATION.FIGURE 9POINTS VISIBLE TO A GR
48、OUP OF DRIVERS WITHIN A FIELD NOT LIMITED BY AN APERTURE. IN THIS EXAMPLE, THE POINT ON THE LEFT IS SEEN WITH EYE ROTATION ONLY AND THAT TO THE RIGHT IS SEEN USING EYE ROTATION AND HEAD TURN.Copyright SAE International Provided by IHS under license with SAENot for ResaleNo reproduction or networking
49、 permitted without license from IHS-,-,-SAE J1050 Reaffirmed FEB2009-9-4.2.2.2 Define the Tangent Plane Within the Limits of Eye Rotation (Figures 8 and 9)Locate a vertical planethrough the point or at the specified angle and tangent to the Eyellipse. If the angle of the plane, asmeasured from straight ahead
