1、_SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising theref
2、rom, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.Copyright 2014 SAE InternationalAll rights reserved. No part of this publi
3、cation may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE.TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada)Tel: +1 724-776-4970 (out
4、side USA)Fax: 724-776-0790Email: CustomerServicesae.orgSAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.orgSAE values your input. To provide feedbackon this Technical Report, please visithttp:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J139_201407SURFACE VEHICLERECOMMENDED PRACTICEJ139 JUL2014Issued 1970-01Revised 2014-07Supers
5、eding J139 NOV1999Ignition System Nomenclature and TerminologyRATIONALEThis Document should be reviewed, updated and revised to include standard Nomenclature and Terminology used to describe changes to ignition system for spark ignited internal combustion engines not addressed in current revision J1
6、39 Nov 1999. This document was reviewed, updated and revised to include standard Nomenclature and Terminology used to describe features and components of ignition systems for spark ignited internal combustion engines. The rationale to revise document existed because of system modifications and advan
7、cements not addressed in SAE J139 rev Nov 1999.1. SCOPETo provide standard terminology and definitions with regard to ignition systems for spark-ignited internal combustion engines.2. REFERENCES2.1 Applicable DocumentsThe following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specifi
8、ed herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PublicationAvailable from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org.SAE J973 Ignition Sys
9、tem Measurements ProcedureSAE INTERNATIONAL J139 Revised JUN2014 Page 2 of 73. TYPES OF IGNITION SYSTEMS3.1 ElectronicA system in which the coil current is controlled by semiconductors. The semiconductors can be controlled by mechanical breaker points or other means.3.2 Breaker-lessA system like 3.1
10、 except the semiconductors are controlled by means other than mechanical breaker points.3.3 Distributor-less (Static Distribution System)A system that omits the rotating mechanical spark voltage distributor.3.3.1 Coil-On-Plug (single-ended coil)A distributor-less system that omits ignition cables an
11、d utilizes a single-ended coil for each spark plug along with connecting devices. These device types can include: spring, short wire or cable, terminal, or combinations of these items, totally contained inside insulator boot.3.3.2 Coil-On-Plug (double-ended coil)A distributor-less system that omits
12、ignition cables and utilizes a double-ended coil for a pair of spark plugs (firing in unison in a single cylinder) along with connecting devices. These device types can include: spring, short wire or cable, terminal, or combinations of these items, totally contained inside insulator boot.3.3.3 Coil-
13、near-Plug (single-ended coil) A distributor-less system utilizing one single-ended coil and a short ignition cable for each spark plug.3.3.4 Coil-near-Plug (double-ended coil) A distributor-less system that utilizes one double-ended coil for a spark plug pair in opposing cylinders firing 360 crank d
14、egrees apart. This type of ignition system is called a waste spark system. (see 3.8 Multi-Pulse / Multi-spark Ignition System)3.3.5 MagnetoA system that utilizes a permanent magnet on a rotating part of the engine to generate energy. It may be conventional (3.3.7), electronic (3.1), breaker-less (3.
15、2), or distributor-less (3.3).3.3.6 InductiveA system that stores energy in the primary winding (inductor) of the ignition coil. (The primary current flow can be controlled by mechanical breaker points, semiconductors or other means.) The high voltage for the spark discharge is generated by the igni
16、tion coil (step-up transformer) when the primary current is terminated and the magnetic field collapses.3.3.7 Conventional (Kettering)A system that consists of a coil, rotating mechanical spark voltage distributor, battery, and mechanical breaker points to control coil current.SAE INTERNATIONAL J139
17、 Revised JUN2014 Page 3 of 73.4 Capacitor Discharge (C.D.)A system that stores primary energy in a capacitor. The high voltage for the spark discharge is generated by the ignition coil (step-up transformer) when the energy stored on the capacitor is discharged through the primary winding of the igni
18、tion coil3.5 Angle-Based Ignition Timing System / ABITSAngle-Based Ignition Timing System uses a high resolution engine position sensing scheme (e.g. 360 pulses per revolution) for the ECU to use for spark delivery. NOTE: As an example, an ignition system could be an electronic, breaker-less, distri
19、butor-less system; and such a system is generally either inductive or capacitor discharge although hybrid systems are known to exist. (The energy can be discharged into a coil by mechanical breaker points, semiconductors, or other means.)3.6 MultiPulse / Multi-spark Ignition Systems An ignition syst
20、em mechanization that discharges coil energy through a spark plug multiple times during one cylinder event.3.6.1 Open Loop Multi-Pulse ControlA multi-pulse system that controls the charging and discharging of the coil following calibration values without measuring coil operating parameters. Typical
21、calibrations include:x Initial coil charge time (dwell)x Initial coil discharge time (burn time)x Subsequent coil charge timex Subsequent coil discharge timex Number of pulses3.6.2 Closed Loop Multi-Pulse ControlA multi-pulse system that controls the charging and discharging of the coil using feedba
22、ck from the coil primary current and the coil secondary current. 3.7 Continuous Discharge Ignition SystemContinuous Discharge is a characteristic of a dual coil per cylinder ignition system that operates in an alternating charge/discharge mode with the two coil outputs summed together to fire a sing
23、le spark plug. The first coil fires the spark plug initially and then the coils alternate between charging and discharging (out of phase with one another) to support a continuous discharge for as long as the ECU continues to cycle the coils.4. PARAMETERS4.1 Available Secondary (Spark) VoltageThe min
24、imum voltage at the spark plug terminal with the terminal open-circuited and insulated from ground. Voltage to be measured under specified conditions.SAE INTERNATIONAL J139 Revised JUN2014 Page 4 of 74.2 Required Secondary (Spark) VoltageThe maximum voltage required at the spark plug terminal to bre
25、ak down the spark plug gap. Voltage to be measured under specified conditions.Voltage should be measured under full load (wide-open throttle) and a variety of part-load conditions, transients and cold. Testing should include both new spark plugs and worn (end of life) spark plugs with maximum gaps.4
26、.3 Ignition Voltage ReserveThe difference between the available and required secondary (spark) voltages.An adequate reserve is necessary for the ignition system to tolerate moisture, corona of the ignition cable, partially fouledspark plugs, etc.4.4 Open-Circuit Coil Secondary VoltageThe voltage mea
27、sured at the coil output terminal with secondary cable disconnected.4.5 Loaded Secondary VoltageThe voltage measured at the spark plug terminal with the secondary cable disconnected from the spark plug and a non-inductive (1 M :r1%, 10 W 0.0005%/V maximum voltage coefficient, dielectric strength tha
28、t exceeds the system voltage) load resistor connected to the cable spark plug terminal.4.5.1 Secondary Voltage at Primary Current Switch OnVoltage induced in secondary winding due to rate of change of primary current at switch on.4.6 Supply VoltageThe direct current (DC) voltage at the input termina
29、ls of the ignition system, under specified conditions.4.7 Peak Coil Primary VoltageThe peak of the first half-cycle of the voltage at the coil primary terminals after discharge of the ignition.4.8 Arc VoltageThe instantaneous voltage observed across the spark gap during arcing.4.9 Spark CurrentThe i
30、nstantaneous current observed passing through the spark gap electrodes during arcing.4.10 Spark EnergyThe energy dissipated between the spark gap electrodes as determined by the integral of the product of spark voltage and spark current during current flow.4.10.1 Spark EnergyOptional method (see SAE
31、 J973).4.11 Spark DurationThe length of time a spark is established across a spark gap (in the spark gap) as established by the time of current flow in the spark gap under specified conditions.SAE INTERNATIONAL J139 Revised JUN2014 Page 5 of 74.12 Rise-TimeThe time required (microseconds) for the se
32、condary available voltage to rise from 10 to 90% of the peak voltage under specified conditions.4.12.1 Rise-Time Gradient10 to 90% kV divided by the rise-time in microseconds (volts-per-microsecond).4.13 Minimum Operating Specified Speed (Cut-in)The minimum engine speed at which the ignition system
33、distributes a specified spark voltage, conditions of test to be specified.4.14 Average Supply CurrentThe DC input current to an ignition system, under specified conditions.4.15 Peak Coil CurrentThe peak current flowing through the coil primary winding under specified conditions.4.16 Coil Interruptio
34、n CurrentThe peak current flowing through the coil primary winding at the time of interruption.4.17 Timing LagThe interval between the timing event and occurrence of a 12 kV spark under specified conditions. (Usually expressed in engine degrees per 1000 engine RPM.)4.18 Dwell Time or Dwell Angle (En
35、ergizing Interval)The interval during which the capacitor (CD ignition) is being charged or the coil current (inductive ignition) is flowing.4.19 Ignition CoilA transformer with an air or magnetic core used to step-up a low primary voltage to a high secondary voltage.4.19.1 Single-ended Ignition Coi
36、lAn ignition coil with a single output secondary winding.4.19.2 Double-ended Ignition CoilAn ignition coil with one secondary winding that has a high-voltage connection at each end of the winding.4.19.2.1 Coil PolarityMost ignition coils are wound to generate a negative polarity high voltage output
37、on the coil tower. This puts a negative voltage on the center electrode of the spark plug. Double-ended coils have two high voltage towers connected to a common secondary winding, one with a negative output voltage and the other with a positive output voltage.4.19.3 Waste SparkA spark that takes pla
38、ce nearly simultaneously at the exhaust stroke of another cylinder when a spark occurs at the compression stroke of a cylinder.SAE INTERNATIONAL J139 Revised JUN2014 Page 6 of 74.20 DistributorA device that distributes the spark voltage to the various spark plugs (via mechanical commutation).4.21 Ex
39、ternal Primary (Ballast) ResistorA resistor, if used, that is connected in series with the coil primary circuit to reduce the system voltage on the primary ofthe ignition coil during engine run mode.4.22 Ignition Cables A high voltage cable that routes high voltage from the coil to spark plug or coi
40、l to distributor and distributor to spark plug. It may be a cable with the following SAE J2031 conductor types:Type 1: Copper Conductor Low resistance metal conductor with no noise suppression capability.Type 2: Steel Conductor Low resistance and strong metal conductor with no noise suppression capa
41、bility.Type 3: Resistive Conductor Semi-conductive conductor with passive noise suppression capability.Type 4: Reactive Conductor Wire wound conductor with inductive noise suppressor designed to reduce a specific tuned band of frequencies with low energy losses.4.23 Ignition Trigger DeviceThe device
42、 used to initiate the discharge of the energy stored in the ignition system.4.23.1 Non-ECU Controlled System (ECU = Engine Control Unit) ref. SAE J1930The trigger device can be a position sensor or a pulse generator located at a defined angular position.4.23.2 ECU Controlled SystemThe ECU controls t
43、he discharge of the ignition coil in response to engine position derived from position sensor information.4.24 Stored EnergyTheoretically, the amount of energy stored in the storage element (capacitor or coil) of the ignition system. This valuedoes not take into consideration inefficiencies or losse
44、s in the system.4.24.1 Inductive System(See Equation 1) 2Li2/1W (Eq. 1)where:W = Energy (joules) stored in coil inductive fieldL = Coil primary inductive (henries)i = Coil primary interruption current (amperes) SAE INTERNATIONAL J139 Revised JUN2014 Page 7 of 74.24.2 Capacitor Discharge System (See
45、Equation 2) 2CV2/1W (Eq. 2)where:W = Energy (joules) stored in the storage capacitorC = Storage capacitance (farads)V = Voltage (volts) across the storage capacitor at the moment discharge begins5. NOTES5.1 Marginal IndiciaA change bar (l) located in the left margin is for the convenience of the use
46、r in locating areas where technical revisions, not editorial changes, have been made to the previous issue of this document. An (R) symbol to the left of the document title indicates a complete revision of the document, including technical revisions. Change bars and (R) are not used in original publications, nor in documents that contain editorial changes only.PREPARED BY THE SAE IGNITION STANDARDS COMMITTEE
