1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1715/2_201307 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J1715/2 JUL2013 Issued 2013-0
5、7 Battery Terminology RATIONALE This document is being created to provide a reference standard for terminology relating to automotive energy storage systems and components. The document will focus on battery systems, subsystems, modules, cells, electrochemical elements and auxiliary components. Term
6、inology for the testing, measurement, specification and use of battery systems is covered as they relate to automotive applications. FOREWORD This document is an ongoing effort to provide the technical community with the terminology used most frequently in the automotive industry as they relate to e
7、nergy storage and batteries for starting, lighting and ignition applications as well as for hybrid electric (HEV) and electric vehicles (EVs). 1. SCOPE This SAE Information Report contains definitions for energy storage system and battery terminology. It is intended that this document be a resource
8、for those writing other battery, HEV and EV documents, specifications, standards, or recommended practices. 1.1 Purpose The purpose of this document is to provide a record of commonly used terminology established by the technical community involved with writing practices and information reports in r
9、eference to energy storage systems, batteries and their use and application. 1.2 Field of Application This SAE Information Report pertains to batteries and energy storage systems. 1.3 Product Classification Information Report. 1.4 Product Description Information Report containing commonly used termi
10、nology in the automotive battery industry. SAE J1517/2 Issued JUL2013 Page 2 of 15 2. REFERENCES 2.1 Applicable Documents The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent specified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.1.1 N
11、FPA Publication Available from the National Fluid Power Association, 3333 N. Mayfair Road, Suite 211, Milwaukee, WI 53222-3219, Tel: 414-778-3344, . NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids Code 2.2 Related Publications The following publications form a part of this specification to the extent spec
12、ified herein. Unless otherwise indicated, the latest issue of SAE publications shall apply. 2.2.1 SAE Publication Available from SAE International, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001, Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) or 724-776-4970 (outside USA), www.sae.org. SAE J670 Vehicl
13、e Dynamics Terminology 2.2.2 Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Publication Available from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 445 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, Tel: 732-981-0060, www.ieee.org. ANSI/IEEE 100 Standard Dictionary of Electrical and Electronic Te
14、rms, latest revision 2.2.3 Japanese Electric Vehicle Society Publication Available from Japanese Electric Vehicle Association, evinfogw.jeva.or.jp. JEVS Z 805 Glossary of Terms Relating to Electric Vehicles, latest revision 2.2.4 National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) Publication Availa
15、ble from National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 1070, Tel: 301-975-6478, www.nist.gov. For definitions of SI units of measurement - mass, EMF, current, power, etc. 2.2.5 National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Publication Available
16、from The Government Printing Office, http:/www.fmcsa.dot.gov/rules-regulations/administration/fmcsr/fmcsrguidedetails.aspx?menukey=571. 49 CFR Ch V, Section 571 Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards 2.2.6 SAND Publication Available from Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, NM 8
17、7185, www.sandia.gov. SAND88-2852 * UC-212 Glossary of Testing Terminology for Rechargeable Batteries, latest revision SAE J1517/2 Issued JUL2013 Page 3 of 15 2.2.7 USABC Publication Available from USCAR, 1000 Town Center Drive, Suite 300, Southfield, MI 48075, Tel: 248-223-9000, www.uscar.org. USAB
18、C Test Procedures Manual, latest revision 3. BATTERY TERMINOLOGY 3.1 AC Recharge Energy The AC energy, measured in AC Wh, from the power outlet required to return the energy storage system to full charge after a test. This measurement must include energy needed to power charging equipment (e.g., EVS
19、E) 3.2 Active Material The constituents of a cell that participate in electrochemical charge and/or discharge reactions. This does not include separators, current collectors, catalysts or supports. 3.3 Aqueous Electrolyte Batteries Electrochemical cells that contain water-based electrolytes. 3.4 Ava
20、ilable or Deliverable Capacity The total Ah that can be withdrawn from a fully charged electrochemical cell or energy storage system under specified operating conditions such as discharge rate, temperature, age and stand time. 3.5 Average Power Total energy withdrawn (or returned) from (or to) a ele
21、ctrochemical cell divided by the time of discharge (or charge). 3.6 Average Voltage The ratio of the watt-hours to Ah for a given discharge or charge. Also known as current weighted voltage. 3.7 Battery A battery is a general term that inclusively refers to electrochemical cells, modules, packs and
22、energy storage systems. More specific terminology should be used to describe the level of functionality where appropriate. 3.8 Battery Auxiliaries The components required to support the operation of a battery module, such as a tray, watering subsystem, pumps or control electronics. 3.9 Battery Cell
23、See Electrochemical Cell 3.10 Battery Management System The top level controller and subsystem control, communication and sensing components for the energy storage system. The system may provide communications, safety, cell balancing and supervisory control. 3.11 Battery Module Refers to the multipl
24、e connections of electrochemical or electrostatic cells. Battery modules may or may not include sensors such as voltage and temperature sensors, safety components, and a cooling structure so that each module can be controlled and managed independently. SAE J1517/2 Issued JUL2013 Page 4 of 15 3.12 Ba
25、ttery Pack A battery pack may consist of only one module or multiple modules. The pack includes sensors, interlocks, contactors, battery management controller, safety devices, thermal management and structural components. 3.13 Battery System See Energy Storage System 3.14 Battery System Components R
26、efers to the components contained within an HEV of EV traction energy storage system. These include the modules, interconnects, venting systems, restraint devices, electronic controls, and the battery box or container that holds the individual electrochemical cells. 3.15 Battery System Density Energ
27、y storage system mass divided by energy storage system volume. 3.16 Battery System Mass Fraction Ratio of energy storage system weight to gross vehicle weight. 3.17 Battery Volume Cell, module, pack, or system should be specified, and should include the usable exterior volume displaced. 3.18 Battery
28、 Mass The mass of the cell, module, pack, or system. 3.19 CN The Capacity (C) in Ah obtained from a battery discharged at a constant current to an end-of-discharge condition (discharge cutoff voltage) in N hours. CN is established once and is not adjusted through the batterys life. 3.20 CN Hour Rate
29、 The constant current rate at which a fully charged battery can be discharged to its discharge cut-off voltage in N hours, see C/N Rate. 3.21 C/N Rate The Capacity (C) of a battery divided by the discharge time in hours that yields that capacity. 3.22 Calendar Life (years) Calendar life refers to th
30、e total time elapsed to EOL (End of Life) of a cell, module, pack or system measured in hours/days/years. 3.23 Capacitor An electrostatic device capable of accumulating and holding a charge of electrons that consisting of two opposing electrodes separated by a dielectric material. SAE J1517/2 Issued
31、 JUL2013 Page 5 of 15 3.24 Capacity (C) The total number of Ah that can be withdrawn from a fully charged electrochemical cell under specified conditions. 3.25 Charge Conversion of electrical energy into chemical potential energy within an electrochemical cell achieved by the application of direct c
32、urrent. 3.26 Charge Profile Schedule used for charging a battery, usually defined by voltage, current or power versus time. 3.27 Charge Rate Refers to the charge current. General term that may be expressed as an average or a singular point. 3.28 Charge Segment A contiguous subsection of a charge reg
33、ime. 3.29 Charge Step A change from one power level to another in a charge regime. 3.30 Charge Voltage Limit The maximum voltage permitted under load during specified conditions. 3.31 CI See Constant Current Charging. 3.32 CI/CV A constant current charge followed by a constant-voltage charge. 3.33 C
34、onstant Current Charging or Discharging (CI) The charging or discharging of a battery at a constant rate of current flow. 3.34 Constant Voltage Charging (CV) The charging of a battery by applying a constant voltage while allowing the current to vary. 3.35 Coulombic (Ah) Efficiency The Ah removed fro
35、m a battery during a discharge divided by the Ah required to restore the initial capacity. 3.36 Current Collector The part of an electrode that is designed to conduct current from the active material to the electrochemical cell terminal. SAE J1517/2 Issued JUL2013 Page 6 of 15 3.37 Cutoff Voltage Th
36、e battery voltage at which charge or discharge is terminated. 3.38 CV See Constant Voltage Charging. 3.39 Cycle From the start of one charge/discharge to the start of the next charge/discharge where the period includes discharge time, open-circuit time, charge time and stabilization time. The depth
37、of discharge (or percentage of capacity) associated with each cycle must be specified for cycle life measurements. 3.40 Cycle Life Cycle life is the total energy throughput to EOL (End of Life) of an electrochemical cell, module, pack or energy storage system measured in kWh. 3.41 DC Recharge Energy
38、 The net DC energy output of the battery in DC Wh measured over a cycle. 3.42 Deep Discharge A qualitative term for the discharge of a significant percentage of capacity from a fully charged state (typically, 80% of available capacity or more). 3.43 Depth of Discharge (DOD) The number of Ah withdraw
39、n from a battery divided by its rated capacity at the test current and temperature and expressed as a percentage. 3.44 Derived Peak Power An estimate of the maximum power capability of a cell or battery calculated from the results of power profile tests specified by the Dynamic Capacity Test (SAE),
40、the Dynamic Stress Test or Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization Test (USABC). 3.45 Diffusion Diffusion is the movement of ions in response to a gradient. Movement occurs from an area of high concentration to areas of low concentration. The rate of diffusion is proportional to the diffusivity of the s
41、pecies and the magnitude of the gradient. Pertains to solid, liquid, and gas phases in electrochemical systems. Can be described by Ficks Law. 3.46 Discharge Conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy within a battery by the passage of direct current. 3.47 Discharge Profile Schedule used f
42、or battery discharge that follows a particular current, voltage or power versus time sequence. 3.48 Discharge Rate The current during discharge of a battery. SAE J1517/2 Issued JUL2013 Page 7 of 15 3.49 Discharge Segment A contiguous subsection of a discharge regime. 3.50 Discharge Step A change fro
43、m one power level to another in a discharge regime. 3.51 Discharge Voltage Limit The minimum voltage permitted under load during specified conditions. 3.52 DOD See Depth-of-Discharge. 3.53 Driving Profile See Energy Storage Driving Profile and Vehicle Driving Profile 3.54 Dynamic Capacity Test (DCT)
44、 A variable-power discharge test to simulate the expected duty cycle of a battery over a specified state of charge range. 3.55 Dynamic Stress Test (DST) A variable-power discharge test to simulate the expected duty cycle of a battery during vehicle driving conditions. 3.56 Electrochemical Cell An el
45、ectrochemical cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy or vice versa when a chemical reaction is occurring in the cell. Typically, it consists of two electrodes immersed into a solution (electrolyte) with electrode reactions occurring at the electrode-solution surfaces.
46、3.57 Electrode The conducting body that contains active materials and through which current enters or leaves a cell. 3.58 Electrolyte The medium that provides ion transport between the positive and negative electrodes of a cell. Electrolytes may also participate directly in the charge and/or dischar
47、ge reactions. 3.59 End of Life (EOL) When an electrochemical cell fails to meet specified capacity or power performance criteria under controlled conditions. When an energy storage system fails to meet specified capacity, power or function in specified use conditions. 3.60 Energy Capacity See Energy
48、 Output. 3.61 Energy Density The rated energy of a battery (Wh) divided by the total cell, module, pack, or system volume (L). Also known as volumetric energy density. SAE J1517/2 Issued JUL2013 Page 8 of 15 3.62 Energy (Watt-Hour, Round Trip) Efficiency The rated energy of call, module, pack or sys
49、tem (Wh) divided by the respective volume (L). 3.63 Energy Output The total Wh that can be withdrawn from a fully charged battery under specified operating conditions (such as temperature, rate, age, stand time, and discharge cutoff criteria). 3.64 Energy Storage System (Battery System) One or more packs connected in parallel and/or series configuration and associated electronics. 3.65 Energy Storage
