1、_ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising there
2、from, is the sole responsibility of the user.” SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be revised, reaffirmed, stabilized, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions. Copyright 2013 SAE International All rights reserved. No part of this p
3、ublication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of SAE. TO PLACE A DOCUMENT ORDER: Tel: 877-606-7323 (inside USA and Canada) Tel: +1 724-776-497
4、0 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J1779_201305 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J1779 MAY2013 Issued 1978-03 Re
5、affirmed 2013-05 Superseding J1779 AUG2003 Ship Systems and Equipment - Hydraulic System Design Criteria for Marine Vehicles RATIONALE J1779 has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five year review policy. FOREWORDThis recommended practice is intended as a guide toward a standard practice. Becaus
6、e it coverssuch a wide variety of marine vehicles, it is intended for use as a guide in the development of a detailed systemspecification or as a supplement to a design specification.1. Scope1.1 ScopeThe marine environment differs greatly from other environments in which hydraulics are used. ThisRec
7、ommended Practice provides hydraulic design considerations and criteria for the marine environment andis applicable to commercial vessels, military ships, and submersible vehicles. This document may be used formanned and un-manned vehicles.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationsThe following public
8、ations form a part of the specification to the extent specifiedherein. Unless otherwise indicated the latest revision of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001,www.sae.org, telephone 724-776-4970.AMS4943Titanium Alloy
9、Tubing, Seamless, Hydraulic, 3.0AI - 2.5V, Annealed (UNS R56320)AMS4944Titanium Alloy Tubing, Seamless, Hydraulic, 3.0AI - 2.5V Cold Worked, Stress Relieved(UNS R56320)AMS4945Titanium Alloy Tubing, Seamless, Hydraulic, 3.0AI - 2.5V, Controlled Contractile Strain Ratio,Cold Worked, Stress Relieved (U
10、NS R56320)ARP994Recommended Practice for the Design of Tubing Installations for Aerospace Fluid PowerSystemsAS19692Pumps, Hydraulic, Variable Delivery; General Specifications forJ1273Recommended Practices for Hydraulic Hose AssembliesJ1776Marine Vehicles - Hydraulic Pumps - Design and Specification
11、GuideJ1777General Environmental Considerations for Marine VehiclesJ1778Ship Systems and Equipment - Recommended Practice for Hydraulic Fluid SelectionJ1780Diagrams and Associated Tables for Hydraulic Systems of Marine VehiclesJ1781Materials for Fluid Systems of Marine VehiclesJ1782Ship Systems and E
12、quipment - Hydraulic Systems - Noise ControlJ1783Ship Systems and Equipment - Selection of Hydraulic Directional Control ValvesJ1942Hose and Hose Assemblies for Marine ApplicationsJ2321Ship Systems and Equipment - General Specification for Filter Elements - Hydraulic and Lube Oil ServiceJ2333Ship Sy
13、stems and Equipment - Hydraulic System Filters - Selection ParametersJ2470Hydraulic Fluid Power - Valves - Methods for Assessing Lock Sensitivity to ContaminantsJ24714Fluid Systems - Connector Tubes - General Specification and Part Standard2.1.2 ASTM PUBLICATIONSAvailable from American Society for T
14、esting and Materials, 100 Barr Harbor Drive,P.O. Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, www.astm.org, telephone 610-832-4585.ASTM D 6304Standard Test Method for Determination of Water in Petroleum Products, Lubricating Oils,and Additives by Coulometric Karl Fisher Titration2.1.3 ISO PUBLICATION
15、SAvailable from International Organization for Standardization, 1 rue de Varembe, 1211Geneva 20, Switzerland. (Also available from American National Standards Institute, 11 West 42nd Street,New York, NY 10036 and National Fluid Power Association, 3333 North Mayfair Road, Milwaukee, WI 53222-3219.)IS
16、O 4406Hydraulic fluid power - Fluids - Method of coding level of contamination by solid particlesISO 4413Hydraulic fluid power - General rules relating to systemsISO 5598Fluid Power Systems and Components - VocabularyISO18413Hydraulic Fluid Power - Cleanliness of parts and components - Inspection do
17、cument andprinciples related to sample collection, sample analysis, and data reporting2.1.4 NATIONAL FLUID POWER ASSOCIATION (NFPA) PUBLICATIONSAvailable from the National Fluid Power Association, Inc., 3333 North Mayfair Road, Milwaukee, WI 53222-3219, , telephone 414-607-3345.NFPA T2.6.1Method for
18、 Verifying the Fatigue and Establishing the Burst Pressure Ratings of thePressure Containing Envelope of a Metal Fluid Power ComponentNFPA T2.9.15Hydraulic Fluid Power - Cleanliness of Components - Inspection document and methodsof sample collection, sample analysis, and data reporting NFPA T2.24.1H
19、ydraulic Fluid Power - Systems Standard for Stationary Industrial Machinery Supplementto ISO 4413; 1998 - Hydraulic Fluid Power - General Rules Relating to Systems to be Used inConjunction with ISO 4413; 1998NFPA T3.4.9Recommended practice - Hydraulic fluid power - Application guideline for accumula
20、tors2.1.5 DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Building4D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, http:/assist.daps.mil, telephone 215-697-2179.2.1.5.1 Military StandardsMIL-STD-167-1Mechanical Vibrations of Shipboard Equipment (Type I - Envi
21、ronmental and Type II -Internally Excited)MIL-STD-438Schedule of Piping, Valves, Fittings and Associated Piping Components for SubmarineServiceMIL-STD-777Schedule of Piping, Valves, Fittings, and Associated Piping Components for Naval SurfaceShipsMS 18282Relief Valve Operating Characteristics Versus
22、 Maximum Operating Pressure for LiquidService_ SAE J1775 Reaffirmed MAY2013 Page 2 of 162.1.5.2 Military SpecificationsMIL-S-901Shock Tests, H.I. (High Impact) Shipboard Machinery, Equipment, and Systems,Requirements forMIL-P-17869Pumps and Motors, Power, Oil Hydraulic (Naval Shipboard Use)MIL-PRF-8
23、3282Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant, Synthetic Hydrocarbon Base, Aircraft2.1.5.3 Military HandbooksMIL-HDBK-2193Hydraulic System Components, Ship2.1.5.4 Other Defense Publications“Handbook of Fluid-Filled, Depth/Pressure Compensating Systems for Deep Ocean Applications” byThomas H. Mehnert, compiled
24、 by the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center,Annapolis, Maryland (DTIC No. AD 894-795)“Handbook of Hydraulic Systems for Deep Ocean Applications” by William E. Schneider and John Sasse,compiled by David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center, Annapolis, Maryland (DTICNo
25、. ADB062-769L)SS800-AG-MAN-010/P-9290“System Certification Procedures and Criteria for Deep SubmergenceSystems” Available from the Naval Sea Systems Command (Request from the appropriate contractingofficer)2.1.6 OTHER PUBLICATIONSAmerican Bureau of Shipping, Rules for Building and Classing Underwate
26、r Vehicles, Systems, andHyperbaric facilities, 1990; ABS Plaza, 16855 Northcase Drive, Houston TX 77060 USAAmerican Bureau of Shipping, Rules for Building and Classifying Steel Vehicles; ABS Plaza, 16855Northcase Drive, Houston TX 77060 USADet Norske Veritas: Rules for Classification of Ships, Verit
27、asveien 1, N-1233 Hvik, Norway; Lloyds Register: Rules and Regulations for the Classification of Ships, 71 Fenchurch Street, London,EC3M 4BS; www.lr.org3. DefinitionsRefer to ISO5598 for definitions not listed below.3.1 Fatigue Pressure RatingThe maximum pressure that a components pressure containin
28、g envelope hasbeen verified to sustain a rated number of pressure cycles using pressure excursions derived from ratedpressure, without failure.3.2 System Proof Pressure TestThe system proof pressure is the hydrostatic test pressure to whichcomponents and piping are subjected after system installatio
29、n to verify integrity and the absence of leaks.3.3 System Tightness TestA system tightness test is a hydrostatic test up to the nominal system operatingpressure and is meant to verify that there is no leakage from mechanical joints.3.4 Heat Recoverable CouplingsHeat recoverable couplings are cryogen
30、ically cooled fittings that shrink toform an interference fit when warmed to ambient temperature.3.5 CriticalCritical, as used in this document, refers to the importance of the component/systems function in theship. Those components/systems that are essential to the safety of the ship, its crew, and
31、 its passengers aredefined as critical. The procuring activity may broaden this definition as appropriate e.g., mission criticalcomponents/systems are those that are required for the ship/vehicle to complete its mission._ SAE J1775 Reaffirmed MAY2013 Page 3 of 164. Design Criteria and Considerations
32、Unless otherwise specified herein, the general requirements of ISO4413 as supplemented by NFPA T2.24.1 shall be used for guidance. ISO 4413 provides general rules relatingto hydraulic systems for machinery in industrial manufacturing processes that are generally applicable to allsystems.For deep oce
33、an applications, the “Handbook of Hydraulic Systems for Deep Ocean Applications” providesguidance on design practices and component selection.4.1 FunctionThe function of a hydraulic system on a marine vehicle is to provide power for the operation ofequipment. Examples of applications operated by hyd
34、raulic fluid power are rudders, trim control surfaces, largevalves, cranes, winches, hatch operators, elevators, propeller pitch control, and retractable masts. Hydraulicsystems provide for the generation of fluid power, conducting the fluid power to and from the application, andthe appropriate cont
35、rol of the fluid power in operating the application.4.2 System ArrangementThe designer must comply with the applicable government and classification bodysrules and regulations in designing the vessel. In regard to hydraulic systems, the rules are usually general innature although specific rules may
36、apply for systems such as steering. Requirements of the USCG may befound in Title 46 of the Code of Federal Regulations. The following parts are particularly applicable: Part 56 -Piping Systems and Appurtenances; Part 57 - Welding and Brazing; Part 58 - Main and Auxiliary Machineryand Related System
37、s. Some requirement documents of the major classification bodies are listed in 2.6. Unlessspecific specifications are provided for the design of the hydraulic system, the guidance herein should befollowed in addition to the requirements of government regulatory agencies and the applicable classifica
38、tionbody.The primary method of assuring reliable operation of critical components is through redundancy. The degree ofredundancy in fluid power supplies should be part of the vessel specifications. In the absence of specifications,applications critical to the safe operation of the vessel, such as st
39、eering gear, and/or personnel safety, such asdamage control valves, should have, at a minimum, two separate power supply sources (i.e., pump, reservoir,and piping loop) and controls for the application. Should one source fail, then the other source shall provide thenecessary fluid power for the safe
40、 operation of the application. Operation at a reduced rate in this emergencycondition may be acceptable if the safety of the vessel or personnel is not compromised. These fluid powersupply sources shall have separate electrical/mechanical power supplies. Where practical, a manual operationmode shoul
41、d be provided for improved safety and reliability.For other applications not critical to the safe operation of the vessel, the failure mode of each application shallbe determined and the application controls designed to provide the appropriate failure mode. Examples offailure modes are “fail as is,”
42、 “fail close,” and “fail operational.”Typically, marine components, such as winches, elevators, and capstans have dedicated power plants.However, weight and volume are critical aspects of hydraulic system design on marine vehicles. Dueconsideration should be given to the use of a central hydraulic s
43、ystem to minimize the weight and volume ofpower plants where a large number of components are relatively close to one another. However, if critical andnon-critical applications are served by the same central hydraulic power plant, provision must be made toensure the operation of the critical compone
44、nts is not compromised by operation of or casualty to non-criticalequipment.Stored energy should be considered to minimize the number of pumps and to reduce pump cycling.Reliability and safety of the fluid power supplies can be improved through the use of relief valves, reservoirlevel monitors, and
45、filtration.Critical systems should have sufficient redundancy and isolation valves so that operation can continue after acomponent failure or system leak. On military ships, additional system isolation and replenishment featuresmay be required for survivability. On unmanned vehicles, redundancy may
46、be reduced._ SAE J1775 Reaffirmed MAY2013 Page 4 of 164.2.1 HYDRAULIC POWER PLANT PACKAGEThe hydraulic system power plant should be designed, where possible,as a package unit capable of being readily removed from the vehicle for repair and test.4.3 Pressure LevelSystem pressure level shall be select
47、ed on the basis of minimum equipment weight,maximum reliability and least life cycle cost. Higher pressures tend to minimize weight but the number ofcomponents rated above 21 MPa (3000 psi) is limited and development costs may be significantly greater forhigher pressure systems. For impact of higher
48、 pressure on acoustic characteristics of hydraulic systems, seeSAE J1782. For intermittent duty subsystems, such as engine start subsystems, high pressures, up to 35 MPa(5000 psi), are often used to minimize weight. Variable displacement pressure compensated pumps are oftenused for pressure regulation of central hydraulic systems where the maximum operating pressure of th
