1、SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirelyvoluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising therefro
2、m, is the sole responsibility of the user.”SAE reviews each technical report at least every five years at which time it may be reaffirmed, revised, or cancelled. SAE invites your written comments and suggestions.QUESTIONS REGARDING THIS DOCUMENT: (724) 772-8512 FAX: (724) 776-0243TO PLACE A DOCUMENT
3、 ORDER; (724) 776-4970 FAX: (724) 776-0790SAE WEB ADDRESS http:/www.sae.orgCopyright 1995 Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A.SURFACEVEHICLE400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001RECOMMENDEDPRACTICESubmitted for recognition as an American National Sta
4、ndardJ1826REAF.MAR95Issued 1989-04Reaffirmed 1995-03Superseding J1826 APR89TURBOCHARGER GAS STAND TEST CODEForewordThis Reaffirmed Document has been changed only to reflect the new SAE Technical Standards BoardFormat.1. ScopeThe test procedures outlined in this SAE Recommended Practice are applicabl
5、e to single rotorturbochargers having either fixed- or variable-geometry with the following caveat:At this stage in the development of variable-geometry (VG) turbochargers, it would be impractical to generatea detailed practice to cover all types of VG turbochargers which may evolve. However, there
6、is a requirementto quote performance data within a stipulated degree of accuracy and to furnish comprehensive performanceinformation. This will form a basis for this document where further refinements may be added as experienceand necessity dictate.1.1 PurposeThe purpose of this document is to provi
7、de a recommended laboratory test procedure andpresentation format for establishing the component performance for a turbocharger. It is intended that this testprocedure be used to determine turbocharger compressor and turbine performance characteristics. Theresulting data are intended for use in turb
8、ocharger component performance assessment and development andfor engine/turbocharger matching.2. References2.1 Applicable PublicationThe following publication forms a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein. The latest issue of SAE publications shall apply.2.1.1 SAE PUBLICATIONAvail
9、able from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J922Turbocharger Nomenclature and TerminologyCOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1826 Reaffirmed MAR95-2-2.2 Related PublicationsThe following publications are provided for i
10、nformation purposes only and are not arequired part of this document.2.2.1 SAE PUBLICATIONSAvailable from SAE, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096-0001.SAE J244Measurement of Intake Air or Exhaust Gas Flow of Diesel EnginesSAE J1349Engine Power Test CodeSpark Ignition and DieselTSB 003Rules
11、 for SAE Use of SI (Metric) UnitsPrinciples of Turbomachinery, D.G. Shepherd, MacMillanGas Properties, Keenan and Kaye, John Wiley & SonsExperimental Methods for Engineers, J.P. Holman, McGraw-Hill3. Definitions and Terminology(See also SAE J922, Section 2.)3.1 Turbocharger Hardware 3.1.1 FIXED-GEOM
12、ETRY TURBOCHARGERTurbocharger having no moving parts in the aerodynamic flowpath otherthan the compressor impeller and turbine rotor.3.1.2 VARIABLE-GEOMETRY TURBOCHARGERTurbocharger incorporating moving parts such as, but not limited to,compressor inlet guide vanes, variable-geometry compressor diff
13、user, moveable turbine inlet nozzle vanes,and/or a wastegate.3.1.3 AUXILIARY EQUIPMENTEquipment not directly associated with the compression or expansion processes, butnecessary for proper turbocharger/engine system operation, such as:a. Actuator for variable-geometry device (example: wastegate actu
14、ator).3.2 Turbocharger Performance(See also SAE J922, Section 3.)3.2.1 FLOWCompressor air mass flow = kg/s of air mass flow through the compressorCorrected compressor air mass flow =Compressor air mass flow xCompressor-inlet total absolute temperature (K)298 K(Compressor inlet total absolute pressur
15、e (kPa)/100 kPa)Turbine gas flow = kg/s of gas flow through the turbineTurbine gas flow parameter =Turbine gas flow xTurbine-inlet total absolute temperature (K)Turbine-inlet total absolute pressure (kPa)3.2.2 PRESSURE RATIO (EXPANSION RATIO)Outlet-air static absolute pressure (kPa)Compressor pressu
16、re ratio =Inlet-air total absolute pressure (kPa)Inlet-gas total absolute pressure (kPa)Turbine expansion ratio =Outlet-gas static absolute pressure (kPa)COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1826 Reaffirmed MAR95-3-3.2.3 EFFICIENCYIsentropic en
17、thalpy rise across compressor stage calculated using compressor pressure ratioCompressor efficiency =Actual total enthalpy rise across compressor stageCombined turbine x mechanical efficiency =(Eq. 1)3.2.4 SPEED PARAMETER(Eq. 2)(Eq. 3)Turbine inlet total absolute temperature (K)3.2.5 SURGEA line on
18、the left-hand side of a compressor map as determined on a steady-flow test stand. Surgeis the boundary of an area of severe flow reversal combined with audible coughing and banging.4. Test Measurement and AccuracyThe test measurements as follows are required in turbochargerperformance determination.
19、 The measurement accuracies specified do not include human or other probableerrors in the reading.4.1 Airflow 1%4.2 Pressure 0.5%4.3 Temperature 0.5%4.4 Speed 0.5%4.5 Duct diameters at static pressure measuring stations 0.5%5. Apparatus/Test Stand5.1 2-Loop Hot Gas StandThe most commonly used test s
20、tand is the independent gas circuit (2-loop) hot gasstand as shown in Figure 1.Actual total enthalpy rise across compressor stageIsentropic enthalpy drop across turbine stage calculated using turbine expansion ratio-Corrected compressor speedCompressor impeller speed rmin)(Compressorinlet total abso
21、lute temperature K ) 298 K(-=Turbine rotor speed rmin)(Turbine speed parameter =-COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1826 Reaffirmed MAR95-4-FIGURE 12-LOOP HOT GAS STAND5.2 1-Loop (Bootstrap) Hot Gas StandLess frequently used for component dev
22、elopment and performance.Shown in Figure 2. Useful for extended durability testing.FIGURE 21-LOOP (BOOTSTRAP) HOT GAS STANDCOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1826 Reaffirmed MAR95-5-5.3 Turbine DynamometerUsed for extended mapping of turbocha
23、rger turbine well outside the range ofmatched compressor and turbine flow and power. See Figure 3.FIGURE 3TURBINE DYNAMOMETER6. Test Procedure6.1 InstallationThe test turbocharger shall be representative of the manufacturers production units.Extraordinary nonproduction gaskets, sealants, etc., shall
24、 not be used.6.1.1 LEAK CHECKINGIn many production turbochargers, some small leakage is expected. However, leakage inthe test stand and instrumentation shall be limited to that of good laboratory practice.6.1.2 INSULATIONThe compressor housing (cover) shall be insulated.COPYRIGHT Society of Automoti
25、ve Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1826 Reaffirmed MAR95-6-6.2 LubricationThe turbocharger shall be supplied with SAE 30 lubricating oil at 350 kPa and 100C unlessotherwise specified by the manufacturer.6.3 Cooling LiquidNormally turbocharger housings are tested dry, wit
26、h no insulation (except as noted in 6.1.2).However, if any turbocharger housings are ordinarily liquid cooled in the end application, testing can beperformed with a supply of the appropriate coolant. In this event, the supply condition (pressure, temperature,and flow rate) shall be agreed upon by th
27、e tester and end user, and recorded on the performance maps.6.4 Operating ConditionsOperating speeds and the number of data points per speedline vary with theturbocharger manufacturer. However, good practice dictates that point and line spacing be sufficiently closethat undue interpolation is not ne
28、cessary. Common practice is to begin testing at the lowest desired speed andmove from high flow to low flow (surge) on the speed line.6.4.1 STABILIZATION CRITERIAData shall not be taken until reasonable thermal stability is achieved (example:successive computations of compressor T/T (Tout-in)/Tin) v
29、ary by less than 1/2%).7. Data Acquisition and Computations7.1 Minimum data to be recorded. The instrumentation list accompanying Figure 3 can be used with appropriatetest stand schematic (Figures 1 to 3) to identify necessary data. In addition, the upper portions of Figures 4and 5 display additiona
30、l data (held fixed during a given test) to be recorded.7.2 Gas PropertiesMost 2-loop gas stands use diesel fuel as the source of heat for the turbine inlet gas. Thefollowing are useful relationships for computation of the gas properties:7.3 AirT - Temperature, KK = 273.15 + CC = 5/9 (F - 32)K = Degr
31、ees KelvinC = Degrees CelsiusF = Degrees Fahrenheit - Ratio of specific heatsA/F - Gravimetric Air-to-Fuel Ratioh - Enthalpy, kJ/kgCp - Specific Heat, kJ/(kg - K)R - Gas Constant, kJ/(kg - K)7.4 Air(Eq. 4)a 1.425928.03974105 Tha 0.919848 T1.01457Ra 0.28699Cpa Ra Ra a a 1-=COPYRIGHT Society of Automo
32、tive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1826 Reaffirmed MAR95-7-FIGURE 4TYPICAL TURBOCHARGER COMPRESSOR PERFORMANCE GRAPHCOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1826 Reaffirmed MAR95-8-FIGURE 5TYPICAL TURBOCHARGER TURBINE
33、 PERFORMANCE GRAPHCOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1826 Reaffirmed MAR95-9-7.5 Combustion Products(Eq. 5)8. Data Presentation(See also SAE J922, Section 4.)8.1 Performance curves for compressor, turbine, and bearing system losses are shown
34、in Figures 4 and 5. Atpresent, for variable-geometry turbochargers, multiples of the figures shown, each at fixed-geometryincrements, shall be used.8.2 Formatting for electronic data transfer and computer simulation are recommended as follows:8.2.1 COMPRESSOR DATA FORMAT(See Figures 6A and 6B.)FIGUR
35、E 6ACOMPRESSOR DATA FORMAThc 2.3260 0.12842.3104 AF ) 1.8 T)A(where A1.09542.967104= AFRc 5.38038103 53.3410.4425AF)(Cpc 4.1868 0.0717AF 104) 1.8T )B(where B0.18832.903104= AFc Cpc Cpc( Rc )=+(=+(=COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1826 Reaff
36、irmed MAR95-10-FIGURE 6BCOMPRESSOR DATA FORMAT (CONTINUED)COPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1826 Reaffirmed MAR95-11-8.2.2 TURBINE DATA FORMAT(See Figure 7.)FIGURE 7TURBINE DATA FORMATPREPARED BY THE SAE TURBOCHARGER STANDARDS COMMITTEECOPYR
37、IGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling ServicesSAE J1826 Reaffirmed MAR95RationaleNot applicable.Relationship of SAE Standard to ISO StandardNot applicable.ApplicationThe test procedures outlined in this SAE Recommended Practice are applicable to single rotorturbo
38、chargers having either fixed- or variable-geometry with the following caveat:At this stage in the development of variable-geometry (VG) turbochargers, it would be impractical togenerate a detailed practice to cover all types of VG turbochargers which may evolve. However, there isa requirement to quo
39、te performance data within a stipulated degree of accuracy and to furnishcomprehensive performance information. This will form a basis for this document where furtherrefinements may be added as experience and necessity dictate.Reference SectionSAE J244Measurement of Intake Air or Exhaust Gas Flow of
40、 Diesel EnginesSAE J922Turbocharger Nomenclature and TerminologySAE J1349Engine Power Test CodeSpark Ignition and DieselTSB003Rules for SAE Use of SI (Metric) UnitsPrinciples of Turbomachinery, D.G. Shepherd, MacMillanGas Properties, Keenan and Kaye, John Wiley & SonsExperimental Methods for Engineers, J.P. Holman, McGraw-HillDeveloped by the SAE Turbocharger Standards CommitteeCOPYRIGHT Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.Licensed by Information Handling Services
