1、 _ SAE Technical Standards Board Rules provide that: “This report is published by SAE to advance the state of technical and engineering sciences. The use of this report is entirely voluntary, and its applicability and suitability for any particular use, including any patent infringement arising ther
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4、70 (outside USA) Fax: 724-776-0790 Email: CustomerServicesae.org SAE WEB ADDRESS: http:/www.sae.org SAE values your input. To provide feedback on this Technical Report, please visit http:/www.sae.org/technical/standards/J2317_201509 SURFACE VEHICLE RECOMMENDED PRACTICE J2317 SEP2015 Issued 1996-08 R
5、eaffirmed 2015-09 Superseding J2317 SEP2002 Tamper Resistance for Adjustable Parameters on Diesel Fuel Injection Pumps RATIONALE J2317 has been reaffirmed to comply with the SAE five-year review policy. ForewordEngine exhaust emission standards and test procedures enforced by various regulatory agen
6、cies hasresulted in in-use emissions testing of certain vehicles or engines. Such testing has revealed that some dieselvehicles failing the smoke opacity test had adjustable parameters tampered with by the owner or an agent of theowner. To avoid non-compliance of an engines exhaust emissions due to
7、tampering, there have been variousregulations developed designed to assure that the adjustable parameters which affect exhaust emissions willremain in-use within the original equipment manufacturers intended settings.It has been recognized that the impetus for developing designs that offer adequate
8、tamper-resistance is with themanufacturer of the fuel injection pump (FIP). This SAE Recommended Practice is developed by the standardscommittee representing the interests of diesel fuel injection equipment (FIE) manufacturers, enginemanufacturers, and the FIE service industry. The purpose of this d
9、ocument is to offer some design proposalswhich can be standardized in the FIE industry, are cost effective, and allow for servicing to be accomplished with aminimum of obstruction. The design proposals contained herein are designed in anticipation of approval by,specifically, the U.S. Environmental
10、Protection Agency and the California Air Resources Board as to their beingeffective in discouraging tampering attempts and that the listing of applicable adjustable parameters isappropriate.Described herein are designs which may be proprietary to the manufacturer and protected by patents. Informatio
11、non the sources of fasteners shown can be obtained from SAE.1. ScopeThis SAE Recommended Practice defines a guideline for the fuel injection pump designer to selectappropriate fastener designs which are considered to be tamper-resistant. It applies to fuel injection pumpsused on diesel engines.2. Re
12、ferences2.1 Applicable PublicationThe following publication forms a part of this specification to the extent specifiedherein.2.1.1 FEDERAL REGULATIONAvailable from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,Washington, DC 20402.Code of Federal Regulations, 40 CFR 86-090-22e3. D
13、efinitions3.1 Tamper-ResistanceThe definition of this term is found in 40 CFR 86-090-22e.4. Applicable FeaturesThe following lists the features of an injection pump which may require tamper-resistance. Excluded from the list is low idle and high idle adjustments. These features are excluded because(
14、a) it is unlikely that an owner would knowingly tamper with these settings beyond that which may benecessary for the normal resettings in use, (b) the changing of these settings from the factory settings do notgenerally result in significant exhaust emissions non-compliance, and (c) after sale in-us
15、e resetting of thesefeatures is often required for application adaptability and considered part of normal use.4.1 Fuel SettingAn adjustment which can alter the fuel setting considered to be the basic setting of the FIP mayneed to be tamper-resistant.4.2 Fuel TrimmingAn adjustment which alters the fu
16、el curve which results in modifying the engine torque curvemay need to be tamper-resistant.4.3 Advance SettingAn adjustment which can alter the FIP timing device (i.e., speed advance or load advance)may need to be tamper-resistant.4.4 Aneroid or Aneroid SettingAn adjustment which can alter the FIP a
17、neroid or any mechanism which canalter the aneroid operation may need to be tamper-resistant.5. Adjustment TypeThere are two types of adjustment which can employ tamper-resistant designs. One typeis a design in which the adjustable feature is housed under a cover and the cover fastener is the item w
18、hich isrequired to be tamper-resistant. The second design is an adjusting screw which is externally accessible.Adjusting screws are often secured from further movement with a lock nut.5.1 Cover ScrewCover screws may be considered tamper-resistant by the design of the head configuration.The preferred
19、 design is shown in Figure 1. The features of the design make use of a special keyed tool whichis available only to authorized servicing facilities and not to the general public. The design shown uses aspecial design socket shape with a pin protruding from its center. The pin disables the engagement
20、 of acommercially available socket key. An alternate design which requires the use of a special socket wrench tobe used is shown in Figure 2.Additionally, an alternate cover screw design employs the use of a breakaway capscrew. This design utilizesan external drive that breaks away at a specified to
21、rque, thus preventing the use of wrenches or drivers forremoval. Removal of the capscrew requires the use of a drill and screw extractor._ SAE INTERNATIONAL J2317 SEP2015 2 of 6FIGURE 1KEYED CAPSCREWFIGURE 2SPECIAL SOCKET CAPSCREW_ SAE INTERNATIONAL J2317 SEP2015 3 of 65.2 Cover Screw for Seal WireT
22、his design, as shown in Figure 3, utilizes a breakaway hex and a ring thatprevents the use of standard wrenches. It can further be used by the manufacturer and manufacturers servicerepresentative to place their seal on a tag and wire.FIGURE 3BREAKAWAY CAPSCREW5.3 Adjusting Screw with Lock NutAn adju
23、sting screw with its lock nut can be made tamper-resistant by oneof two designs. The “special nut design” as shown in Figure 4 has the nut recessed in an area such that itsoutside surface is inaccessible. The nut incorporates a design feature requiring the use of a special tool whichis only availabl
24、e to authorized servicing dealers.FIGURE 4SPECIAL NUT AND ADJUSTING SCREW_ SAE INTERNATIONAL J2317 SEP2015 4 of 6The “covered access design” also contains the screw and nut in a recess. Access is denied by placing a coverover the adjustment making the recessed area inaccessible as shown in Figure 5.
25、FIGURE 5COVERED ACCESSThe “covered access design” can be employed on an adjustment which may not be recessed. Access isdenied by virtue of the cover design itself. Such designs are shown in Figures 6 and 7.FIGURE 6IRREVERSIBLE CAP_ SAE INTERNATIONAL J2317 SEP2015 5 of 6An alternate design is that sh
26、own in Figure 7 contains the snap-ring in the outside diameter of the cap. Thecap is more fully recessed into a bore until the snap-ring engages with a groove located on the inside surfaceof the bore.FIGURE 7SNAP-RING CAP5.4 Adjusting Screw without Lock NutAn adjusting screw may be secured without t
27、he use of a lock nut. Inthis case, the threaded cavity into which the adjusting screw is fitted may be plugged with the same typefastener used for tamper-resistant covers. This design is shown in Figure 8.In an alternate design, the upper portion of the cavity into which the adjusting screw is fitte
28、d is bored to accepta pressed steel ball. The placement of the steel ball into the cavity makes the adjusting screw inaccessible.FIGURE 8PLUGGED ADJUSTING SCREW5.5 Tampering EvidenceA sealing lacquer may be used with any of the designs shown in this document toprovide the manufacturer or the manufacturers service representative with evidence that tampering has beenattempted.PREPARED BY THE SAE DIESEL FUEL INJECTION EQUIPMENT STANDARDS COMMITTEE_ SAE INTERNATIONAL J2317 SEP2015 6 of 6
